The modernization of national governance system and governance capacity formally put forward by the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee has become the core topic of China's political system construction and the key field of political science research. This paper holds that to build a modern country, we should not only absorb the achievements of world civilization and learn the core system elements and value system of modern political civilization, but also base ourselves on the country's inherent civilization tradition and historical situation, so that the construction of national governance system will not fall into the pattern of copying other countries' political models, nor will it be a copy of classical political elements, but will conform to the specific situation and internal logic of the country's existing political context. Therefore, this paper will give my own understanding and thinking about the current political construction, and think that the dual logic of governance modernization has gradually emerged in China's political practice, which needs to be explained and recognized from the perspective of political science. It contains the compatible mutual construction of centralization logic and party governance logic under the integration of governance logic, which is the inevitable logic for China's political system to move towards modern governance.