Engineering geology is a branch of geology, which studies geological problems related to engineering construction. Its main tasks are: to survey and evaluate the geological environment and engineering geological conditions of the engineering construction site; Analyze and predict the interaction and influence between engineering construction activities and natural geological environment; Choose the best site location; Put forward engineering measures to overcome adverse geological effects; It provides reliable geological basis for the planning, design, construction and operation of engineering construction. Therefore, engineering geology is a course that every civil engineer should master.
In the teaching process of engineering geology, I mainly studied basic geology and engineering geology. Basic geology includes the genetic types, geological characteristics and engineering properties of rock and soil; Basic knowledge of basic types and characteristics of geological structure, geological history and geological map; Basic types and characteristics of water. Basic geology is an essential basic theory and knowledge to solve engineering geological problems. Engineering geology includes common geological disasters; Common engineering geological problems of underground caverns; Common engineering geological problems in slope engineering; Common engineering quality problems in basic engineering. If you want to master this knowledge thoroughly, you must do a good job in field practice.
If the knowledge gained in the teaching process cannot be applied to practice, it is undoubtedly an armchair strategist. The most important means to transform textbook knowledge into practical knowledge is field geological practice. A lot of knowledge learned in textbooks is conceptual or standardized. For example, the fault is an idealized model in textbooks, and the fault plane is a plane. The map is marked with the moving direction of the upper and lower walls, and the lithology is obviously different, which is easy to identify in textbooks. However, in the field, the scale of faults varies greatly. Small faults can be identified on hand specimens, and large faults extend hundreds or even thousands of kilometers. Fault is an important geological structure and plays an important role in the stability of engineering buildings. Earthquakes are related to active faults, and tunnel collapse and water inrush are mostly related to faults. The actual fault in the field is not the model in the textbook, so how to identify the bigger fault? This requires practical knowledge in this field. First of all, from the geomorphology, some special geomorphological phenomena are usually formed in the areas where faults pass, such as fault cliffs, fault triangles, fault lakes and fault springs. Secondly, the distribution of strata, often faults will cause some strata to be repeated or missing. Thirdly, we can observe the accompanying phenomena of faults, such as scratches, steps, mirror cleaning, traction and so on. For example, rocks, hand specimens seen in indoor practice are relatively standard samples, while rocks in the field are very different and have different shapes.
Although these things can be learned in textbooks, you must observe them on the spot, touch them with your own hands and experience them personally, so that you can draw inferences from others and know what they are when you encounter similar situations. Without field experience, you don't know what the geological phenomena are like at all, let alone identify them on the spot. Through field practice, not only the knowledge learned in textbooks is consolidated, but also a lot of field practice knowledge can be learned, laying a solid foundation for future work.