Production practice is an indispensable practical teaching link in the teaching plan of civil engineering specialty, and it is the link between theoretical knowledge and practical teaching.

Unity of engineering practice. During the internship, I took a residential area as an internship place, participated in the construction work, and successfully completed the surrounding internship tasks. At the same time, it also lays a good foundation for the engineering time after graduation.

Two. Practice content

1. Familiar with engineering construction management and technical management.

(1) The technical director of the project is responsible for implementing the technical post responsibility system and technical disclosure system, which must be carried out before each working procedure.

Technical disclosure and fill in the Technical Disclosure Record.

(2) The project manager instructs professional engineers to fill in the "Construction Log". The project manager shall record and keep a detailed "application"

Work log ". The contents of the "construction log" include the following aspects: the construction site of the day, the number of construction personnel at the site, and the details.

The construction team, the specific person in charge of the site, the materials and equipment used in the construction, the operation method or which technical disclosure is based on,

The weather of the day, the inspection and test of the site on that day, and the problems in construction.

(3) In the process of engineering construction, the engineering room is responsible for on-site labor deployment, schedule management, machinery use and construction safety.

Work, and keep relevant records. The project manager is responsible for presiding over the regular meeting of the project once a week and summarizing the progress of the project last week.

Situation, find out the gap between the actual progress of the project and the plan, and arrange the work this week. The chief engineer of this project summed up the construction quality last week.

Status, and put forward suggestions and requirements for the next step of quality management.

(4) During the construction process, the system of self-inspection, mutual inspection, handover inspection and special inspection shall be implemented, and the quality inspector of the construction team shall conduct self-inspection on each working procedure.

After passing the inspection, fill in the self-inspection form, and after being signed by the relevant team leader, the next step of construction can only be carried out after the project quality inspector rechecks it.

Process. Unqualified processes must be reworked, and the next process can only be carried out after passing the acceptance again. By establishing a joint inspection.

System, fill in the quality inspection form, strengthen the quality control of each component project. Concrete pouring application must be filled in before concrete construction.

⑤ The professional engineer is responsible for the design changes during the construction process, and it shall be implemented according to the "Contract Change Management" part of this quality plan.

Regulations, timely communicated to the business mouth and related construction group.

6. The operator is responsible for sampling concrete, mortar and waterproof materials and sending them to the company's laboratory for testing. After passing the inspection, it will be issued to the corresponding.

Test report. Products can only be distributed after passing the test.

⑦ After the concealed works are inspected by the project quality inspector, the professional engineer shall fill in the concealed works acceptance record and submit it to the owner or.

Supervision engineer acceptance. After the owner or supervision engineer signs the acceptance record, the construction can continue.

Today's monthly progress plan is compiled by the technical office, and the project manager is responsible for decomposing the monthly progress plan into every day of the week.

State monitoring and quantitative management to ensure the construction progress.

2. The specific operation of construction technology

(1) Write the construction technical disclosure and attend the technical disclosure meeting.

Technical disclosure is the premise of each sub-project/sub-project, and it is also a consistent technical guidance, which directly affects the project.

Quality and its reliability are very important. Therefore, the technician must submit it to the director of the technical office for approval after writing the disclosure.

Make disclosure to the construction team leader.

(2) Participate in the inspection and acceptance of project quality.

During the construction process, after the self-inspection, mutual inspection and handover inspection by the construction team, the project quality inspector shall report it to the project department for review.

Only after passing the inspection can the next working procedure be carried out. At the same time, I participated in the inspection and acceptance of engineering quality as a quality inspector. Be familiar with the construction drawings before going to the site, such as the reinforcement diagram of the wall, the reinforcement diagram of the floor beam and the template construction drawing. Template acceptance, mainly check whether the joint is tightly sealed, verticality is qualified, template installation is in line with the requirements of the room, etc. After the acceptance of reinforcement, check whether the protective layer thickness, stirrup spacing, stepped reinforcement, concealed column and concealed beam reinforcement meet the requirements; Plastering decoration is to check whether the napping strength and surface smoothness are qualified; Whether the waterproof layer is laid in accordance with the specifications, etc.

(3) Assist on-site technicians to deal with construction quality problems.

It is mainly caused by honeycomb holes, slurry leakage, exposed tendons, die expansion, rotten roots and other reasons.

Three. Project overview

Practice: Suzhong Construction Group Project Name: Zhaozhou County Park 1.

Project location: Zhaozhou County

Supervision unit: Daqing Sunac

Building area: 63 17.20m2 (including basement area of 792.90m2, balcony area of 54.75m2 and attic area of 423.4m2).

Planned commencement date: 20 10.5 (delayed commencement for some reason)

Design life: 50 years

Safety grade of building structure: Grade II

Basic design level: Class C..

Seismic fortification category of buildings: Class C.

Construction site category: Class III site soil.

Fire resistance rating of building: Grade II

Material requirements:

Load-bearing wall: 240 thick brick wall floor: protective layer thickness 20㎜ Structural column: mixed column 240*240.

Beam-column protective layer: 30㎜ foundation slab, foundation beam protective layer: 40㎜.

1. The concrete strength grade of the foundation slab and its beam is C30, and the foundation cushion is 100 thick C 15 plain concrete.

2. The strength grade of concrete for beams and slabs on sloping roofs is C20, and that for beams and columns on other floors is C25.

3. When the concrete grades of beams, slabs and columns are different, the concrete in the corresponding joint area should adopt the highest concrete strength grade of the intersecting members.

4. There are two kinds of steel bars used in this project: HPB235 and HRB335.

Foundation pit excavation

Earthwork excavation of foundation pit of pile cap → pouring concrete of pile core → concrete cushion → bricklaying tire mold and plastering cement mortar → steel bar binding → installing formwork → wall and column steel bar → pouring concrete.

Masonry and scaffolding engineering

Commonly used scaffolds include fastener-type steel pipe scaffold, bowl-type steel pipe scaffold, hanging scaffold, attached lifting scaffold and internal scaffold. Fastener-type steel pipe scaffold consists of steel pipes, fasteners, bases, scaffolding and other components. Portal steel pipe scaffold is composed of portal frame, scissors and horizontal beam frame or scaffold, and then connected with each other, plus ladders, railings and other components to form an integral scaffold. The construction process of lifting scaffold is as follows: reserved holes in the wall → scaffold installation → scaffold climbing → scaffold lowering → scaffold dismantling.

Bricklaying includes leveling, setting out, erecting bark poles, hanging wires and laying bricks. In the construction, it should be carried out in strict accordance with the requirements of each process. It is necessary to ensure that the brick masonry meets the quality requirements of "horizontal and vertical, full of mortar, proper assembly and reliable connection" and take corresponding guarantee measures.

The technological process of block masonry is: transportation → masonry → sewing → cleaning the wall → laying pipes → installing doors and windows.

Reinforcement engineering

1. Reinforcement of foundation slab and foundation beam

(1) According to the pop-up reinforcement position line, the lower reinforcement shall be laid first. In general, short-term steel bars are laid first, and then long-term steel bars are laid.

(2) Put mortar pad on the concrete protective layer of the bottom plate, the thickness of the pad is equal to the thickness of the protective layer, and it can be shrunk once every1m..

Small.

(3) If there is a foundation beam on the bottom plate, it can be bound and shaped in sections, and then installed in place, or bound and shaped in situ according to the beam position line.

(4) If there are binding joints for floor reinforcement, the lap length and lap position of reinforcement shall meet the requirements of construction specifications.

The iron wire should be fastened at the center and both ends.

⑤ According to the played wall column position line, tie the steel dowel inserted into the wall column foundation firmly, the depth of the inserted foundation should meet the design requirements, and the length of the sling should not be too long. Measures should be taken to ensure that the sling is vertical and will not be skewed, dumped or displaced.

2. The wall reinforcement assembling:

(1) pop up the position lines of the wall and the openings of doors and windows on the floor concrete, and correct the embedded steel dowel again. If there is any displacement, it will be handled seriously according to the provisions of negotiation.

(2) First, tie 2-4 vertical bars and draw a horizontal bar grading sign, then tie two horizontal bars at the lower part and chest to draw a vertical bar grading sign. The spacing and position of horizontal and vertical bars shall meet the design requirements.

(3) In order to ensure the correct elevation position of doors and windows, draw elevation lines on the vertical bars of the hole. Doors and windows openings shall be bound with lintel reinforcement according to the design requirements, and the length of anchorage into the wall shall meet the design requirements.

(4) The seismic structural reinforcement and anchorage length of each connection point shall be bound according to the design requirements. For example, the longitudinal stress reinforcement of the first column extends to the depth of the basement wall; Attention should be paid to the anchorage length of reinforcement at the junction of wall end and internal and external wall.

⑤ Cooperate with other types of work to install embedded pipe fittings and reserve holes. , its position and elevation should meet the design requirements.

3. Binding of constructional column reinforcement

(1) The connection mode of reinforcement must meet the design requirements.

② Draw the stirrup spacing line: draw the stirrup spacing line with chalk on the vertical bar of the column that has been erected.

(3) Set of column stirrups

④ Column stirrup binding

A. Move the stirrup group upward according to the stirrup position line, and tie it from top to bottom.

B stirrups should be perpendicular to the main reinforcement, the intersection of stirrup corner and main reinforcement should be bound, and the intersection of main reinforcement and stirrup non-corner part should be staggered and bound into a plum blossom shape.

C. The hook of stirrups shall be staggered along the vertical reinforcement of the column, and shall be firmly bound.

1. Beam reinforcement binding:

(1) Draw the stirrup spacing on the beam side formwork and place the stirrup.

(2) firstly, wear the longitudinal stressed steel bars at the lower part of the main quantity and bend the steel bars, and separate the steel bars one by one according to the drawn spacing; Secondary beam piercing

Lower longitudinal reinforcement and bent reinforcement, and set stirrups; Frame reinforcement for placing primary and secondary beams; Tie up the installation stud and stirrup at regular intervals; Adjust the stirrup spacing to the design requirements, tie the stud, then tie the main reinforcement, and coordinate the primary and secondary. The upper longitudinal reinforcement of the secondary beam is placed on the upper longitudinal reinforcement of the main beam. In order to ensure the protective layer thickness of secondary beam reinforcement and the position of plate reinforcement, the upper reinforcement of main beam can be slightly reduced by a certain distance from the main reinforcement diameter of upper secondary beam.

(3) The upper longitudinal reinforcement of the frame beam should run through the middle node, and the anchoring length of the lower longitudinal reinforcement of the beam should meet the design requirements. The anchorage length of longitudinal reinforcement at the end node of frame beam should also meet the design requirements. Usually greater than 45d. Tie the stirrups of longitudinal reinforcement on the upper part of the beam, and tie them by the method of set buckle.

(4) Hooks at the lap joints of stirrups in beams should be staggered. Hook of stirrup shall be 135, and the length of straight part shall be 10d.

⑤ The first stirrup at the beam end should be set 50mm away from the edge of column node. The stirrups at the junction of beams and columns should be encrypted, and their spacing and encryption zone length should meet the design requirements.

⑥ Place cushion blocks under the stressed steel bars of the main beam and the secondary beam to ensure the thickness of the protective layer. When the stressed steel bars are in double rows, short steel bars can be placed between the two layers of steel bars, and the row spacing of steel bars should meet the requirements of design specifications.

5. Plate steel binding:

(1) Clean up the sundries on the template, and use Mo Dou to play the spacing line of main reinforcement and distribution reinforcement on the template.

(2) According to the distance drawn, put the main reinforcement first, and then the distribution reinforcement. Embedded parts, electrical conduits and reserved holes shall be installed in time.

(3) When there is a plate beam in the cast-in-place slab, the plate beam reinforcement shall be bound first, and then the plate reinforcement shall be placed. Then tie it.

(4) The mortar pad is placed under the steel mesh, with the spacing of 65438±0.5m The thickness of the pad is equal to the thickness of the protective layer, which should meet the design requirements.

template

1. Precautions before template installation.

(1) Before closing the mold, the sundries in the template must be cleaned up.

(2) The interface between formwork and concrete shall be cleaned, and the isolation agent shall be painted, and the template isolation agent shall be painted under the influence of rain or other factors.

After the effect comes out, be sure to brush it again.

2. Template installation

(1) wall and column formwork installation:

Pop up the edges and control lines of wall and column templates on the base, and then put the templates in place. First, fix the formwork temporarily, then adjust the verticality of the formwork with supporting messenger wire after the formwork is reinforced, and finally reinforce the formwork.

(2) Beam and slab formwork installation

(3) embedded parts and reserved holes:

On the completed beam slab formwork, determine the exact positions of embedded parts and reserved holes according to the requirements of drawings, and mark them clearly with elastic lines.

Chu, and then the template of embedded parts and reserved holes is fixed on the beam and plate template with nails.

(4) template processing of beam slab post-cast strip:

(5) Template installation of roof post-cast strip

Brush isolators: All isolators are water-based isolators.

Template inspection during concrete pouring: During concrete pouring, special personnel shall be assigned to monitor and inspect the template, and any problems found shall be handled in time.

Reason; After the concrete pouring of walls and columns is completed, the verticality of walls and columns should be checked again.

2. Quality acceptance.

(1) Divide inspection lots:

② Acceptance organization

③ Acceptance of technical data

④ Template appearance inspection

The template is accurate, the joints are tight, and the reinforcement and support are firm; Template isolation agent besmear brushs evenly, no brush leakage, no pollution of steel; embedded

Parts and reserved holes are installed firmly; The springing height of the beam meets the design requirements; Deviations such as verticality and flatness should be controlled within the allowable range.

4. Pay attention to when the template is dismantled.

Non-load-bearing side formwork can be removed only when the strength of concrete can ensure that its surface and edges and corners are not damaged by formwork removal.

Board of directors; The bearing formwork can only be removed after the concrete reaches the formwork removal strength; Please fill in the form removal application before concrete form removal.

Only after the single consent can the mold be removed.

Demolition of side formwork of walls, columns and beams: The strength of concrete should ensure that its surface and edges and corners are not damaged by formwork removal.

Dismantling the bottom formwork of beam and slab: when the span of beam and slab is less than 2m, the concrete strength reaches 50% of the design strength; 2-8m range

In time, its strength reaches 75% of the design strength; Concrete larger than 8m can only be removed when it reaches 100% of the design strength.

Dismantling of cantilever members: No matter the span length, concrete is required to reach 100% of its design strength.

Removable.

Before the beam bottom formwork and plate formwork are dismantled, the carpentry foreman shall fill in the form removal application form according to the strength of concrete test blocks with the same conditions provided by the operator.

Degree report, approved by the project director engineer rear can dismantle.

waterproof layer

1. Basic treatment:

Before coating the waterproof layer, clean up the sundries and mortar lumps on the surface of the base and wipe them with a clean wet cloth.

The second is to check that there are no defects such as unevenness, air crack and sanding before the next working procedure can be carried out.

2 brush primer (equivalent to cold primer)

3 coating waterproof layer construction

4 coating protective layer:

backfill

1. Construction process

(1) Before filling, the garbage and other sundries at the bottom of the foundation pit (groove) or on the ground shall be cleaned up; Before the fertilizer box is backfilled, it must be cleaned to the bottom elevation of the foundation, and the scattered loose garbage, mortar, stones and other sundries must be removed.

(2) Check whether there are sundries in the quality of backfill soil, whether the particle size meets the requirements, and whether the water content of backfill soil is within the control range.

(3) Backfill soil should be spread in layers. The paving thickness of each layer should be determined according to the soil quality, compactness requirements and mechanical properties.

(4) Each layer of backfill soil shall be compacted at least three times.

(5) When the depths of two foundation pits (grooves) are connected, the deep foundation should be filled first; When it is filled to the same elevation as shallow foundation pit, it will be compacted with shallow foundation.

⑥ Backfilling of foundation pit (groove) should be carried out simultaneously on opposite sides or around.

⑦ After each layer of backfill soil is compacted, ring cutter sampling is carried out according to the specifications, and the mass density of dry soil is measured; After meeting the requirements, lay the next layer of soil.

⑧ Trimming and leveling: After the filling is completely completed, the surface shall be leveled with stay wires, and any place beyond the standard elevation shall be leveled by lines in time; Where the elevation is lower than the standard, it should be filled and compacted.

2. The earthwork backfill quality acceptance criteria

(1) Before earthwork backfilling, garbage, tree roots and other sundries in the basement should be removed, pit water and silt should be removed, and the elevation of the basement should be checked and accepted. For example, filling on cultivated soil or loose soil should be carried out after the base is compacted.

(2) The filling materials shall be checked and accepted according to the design requirements before filling.

(3) Check the drainage measures during the filling construction, the filling thickness, water content control and compactness of each layer. Filling thickness and compaction times shall be determined according to soil quality, compaction coefficient and machinery used.

(4) After the filling construction, check the elevation, slope gradient, compactness, etc.

Four. Feeling and summing up

Through this month's internship, I have gained a lot in practical knowledge. The explanations learned from textbooks before have also been confirmed in practice, and a lot of specific construction knowledge has been learned, which is more flexible and more operable than theory.

During the internship, I established a good teacher-student relationship with technicians and workers' masters. Communicate with each other frequently and respect the guidance and arrangement of the internship instructor. As soon as I entered the internship site, I first learned the basic situation of the whole project and the site, read the construction drawings of the project, and learned about the types, structural forms, scale, production technology, building structure and structural system, characteristics of foundation and foundation, as well as the progress of the project, the equipment of technical force and the quality of workers, as well as the main problems existing in the current project and the plans and measures to be taken. By looking at the construction drawings, on-site investigation and talking with workers and technicians, I have a basic understanding of the project, that is, I know what tasks the project has completed, what tasks remain to be completed, and what work I will participate in.

In the whole construction process of any project, civil construction plays a vital role, and it is very important to understand the whole construction process. From foundation to subject, every link is very important. Foundation is related to the stability of the whole project. If the foundation is not well laid, no matter how beautiful the subject is, it will not change the fate of the whole project. Once the foundation goes wrong, the whole project is a bean curd residue project.

The use function of the building is determined from the beginning of the project, and the design is only to complete its functional requirements. Construction is the period to realize its value, and it is also the main process of capital consumption. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure its quality in the whole construction process. Therefore, it is a natural requirement to abide by the construction procedures of building projects.

Construction must adhere to the process of "survey first, then design, then construction", and it must not be reversed, otherwise some problems may occur, and it will be too late to regret it.

When I came to the construction site, the foundation of the project had been laid. I only witnessed the whole process of the main construction. Columns are bound with steel bars in the formwork first, and then concrete is poured. The construction of the beam is to support the bottom formwork of the beam first (of course, the scaffold must be constructed first, and usually the scaffold is supported by the beam and slab at the same time, and then the reinforcement of the beam is bound, and then the side formwork of the fixed beam is supported. Then the template assembly of the plate is carried out; Finally, beam slab concrete pouring is carried out; The following problems often occur in the construction of concrete pouring: honeycomb, reinforcement leakage, holes, cracks and slag inclusion layer, too large deviation in the cross-section size of beam-column joints, and too large deviation in the flatness of the surface of cast-in-place floor slab and the upper surface of stair tread.

During my internship, I sorted out a lot of engineering materials, such as concrete pouring application, concealed engineering inspection records, engineering materials entry inspection sheet, materials and components entry inspection records, etc. Such as "concrete pouring application", the construction team passes the acceptance of the project department and the supervisor after the steel bars are bound, and the technical office of the project department specially sends personnel to declare the quantity and location of the required concrete to the concrete mixing station. Then, when the concrete truck comes into the site, it is required to submit the vehicle receipt. If the concrete is identified at the opening, the project department will fill in the pouring application and submit it to the supervisor for the record. Through the collation of these materials, I learned about the relevant procedures and norms of engineering construction.

During the internship, I also learned about the organization and management of construction enterprises. Including the organization and management system of the construction unit, the functions and related relations of various departments, the composition of the construction project management department, the responsibilities and business scope of technicians at all levels, and the responsibilities of all parties (owners, contractors and supervision units) in the construction project management.

This internship made me deeply realize my lack of knowledge, and I still have a lot of knowledge to learn, whether in books or in practice. I am more determined to go back to school and study hard. I took advantage of this internship opportunity to get in touch with the society, got a good exercise, and made clear the direction I should develop in the remaining year of college life. But also really let me like this industry, in order to have a better development in this industry in the future, I will strive to improve myself.