Folk custom, as an extremely important content in tourist cultural landscape, has unique aesthetic style and characteristics.

Has a special position and role. The core of this special position and function lies in the revelation and appearance of human beauty.

In the long historical process, especially in the past ten years of reform and opening up, how have we developed folk customs?

I have accumulated some experience in amorous feelings tour and strengthening aesthetic education, which is worth summarizing and developing. The point of this article is

These three issues were discussed.

( 1)

The aesthetic objects of China tourism are generally arranged in order: mountains and rivers, places of interest, folk customs ...

... folk customs rank behind scenery and places of interest, which is not unreasonable. this is

Because China has a vast territory, diverse geological landforms, famous mountains and rivers all over the country, and the beauty of mountains and rivers has always enjoyed a high reputation.

Number one, of course. At the same time, China is one of the four ancient civilizations with a glorious history.

Cultural heritage; Emperors and generals, famous philosophers and sages, Taoist priests and eminent monks, and literati left many people in famous mountains and rivers.

There are many places of interest. Therefore, when traveling in China, I always insist that "natural landscape and human landscape are inseparable".

The point of view. Now it is necessary to single out the "third place", change the traditional model and open up new tourism fields.

It has certain theoretical value and practical significance.

From the perspective of tourism aesthetics, folk customs are generally consistent with landscapes and places of interest.

All of them are the sensory openness and acceptance of "heart and soul" and the advanced spiritual enjoyment, and all of them are leisure and entertainment combining static and dynamic.

Happy activities. But folk customs, compared with scenic spots and historical sites, are aesthetic in tourism.

Its own characteristics:

First, strangeness and novelty.

There are 55 ethnic groups in China that form an equal, harmonious and prosperous family. On Tourism Resources

In terms of distribution, the Five Mountains, the four famous Buddhist mountains and the four famous Taoist mountains are all in the residence of the Han nationality and belong to ethnic minorities.

Folk tourism has more advantages than the development and utilization of landscape tourism. On the composition of domestic tourist sources

You see, because the Han nationality accounts for the vast majority of the national population, they go to tourist attractions covered by Han culture, and

Compared with the folk tourist areas of ethnic minorities, it is quite different because of the strangeness brought by novelty and mystery.

It feels better to go abroad than to be in a foreign country. Originally, tourism is a kind of movement or replacement of survival and living time and space. pass by

The strangeness brought by freshness and mystery is relative to the environment of daily life and work. Cai Yuanpei once revealed

Everyone has a "psychology of long knowledge". "People who live in prosperous cities will feel particularly quiet in the countryside.

"(Selected Works of Cai Yuanpei's Aesthetics, p. 172) Beauty develops through discovery and then changes through comparison.

Live stronger and fresher. We should know that human beings will not return to the Paleolithic Age and can settle in a good environment.

To satisfy. The strangeness and freshness of tourists can not only expand "new knowledge" but also arouse fun. Just like Shen.

The book Travel Notes compiled by Ming pointed out:

China is a multi-ethnic region, and all ethnic groups have unique and attractive customs.

Travel in residential areas for customs, learn about the historical changes, living conditions and customs there, and collect folk customs there.

Literary treasures, directly feeling the specific national cultural atmosphere, will be more vivid for the big family of the Chinese nation.

Knowledge. In a word, travel is full of knowledge, as long as you pay attention to your study, you will certainly benefit a lot. (Guangxi Nationalities Publishing House)

She 1990 edition, page 29)

Second, participation is cordial.

Mountains and rivers are natural things. Although historical sites can "see things and think of people", they are accompanied by the echo of history and there are no tourists.

Direct participation and face-to-face communication. However, the folk customs are different. They are multifunctional.

Mass activities can put tourists in, and scholars, farmers and businessmen can devote themselves wholeheartedly and get carried away. Like fire

The custom of "Ba Festival" is widely spread among more than a dozen ethnic minorities in southwest China. On festivals, people put on costumes.

National costumes, killing animals to celebrate, holding all kinds of entertainment, holding torches at night, arranged in a fire dragon, in the Shan Ye.

Roaming in the wild and "throwing fire" at each other to exchange good luck. This kind of "splashing fire" is similar to the "splashing water" of the Dai people in Yunnan.

In sharp contrast, it provides a specific atmosphere for everyone to participate. In this way, "the travel experience will be fresh."

And link the reliability of old habits with the excitement caused by environmental changes "(

Robert? Mckintokin and Shashi Kent? Travel Borg, page 8 1), promoting the whole.

A healthy body and mind can enjoy beauty.

Third, festival recognition.

Any aesthetic activity is carried out through individual aesthetic subjects, and its purpose is to discover beauty, experience beauty,

Identify with beauty. This beauty of discovery, experience and identification exists in landscapes, historical sites and folk customs.

The same is true in tourism activities. The scenery in the book "Mother and Daughter Roaming and China" by Hong Kong Hua Sha.

He made a series of faithful records of discovering beauty, experiencing beauty and knowing beauty in scenic spots and folk customs.

It fully embodies the heart of seeking roots and beauty in Descendants of the Dragon. For example, the Mingsha Mountain in Dunhuang has changed from "simple and consistent" to.

From the perspective of formal beauty, the colors, lines and the whole picture of this golden mountain in the evening are vivid.

Crystal clear, no depth, no impurities, no penetration, giving people a surprise of beauty and a shock of love. So,

She said: "If the grassland symbolizes the joy of youth and the desert symbolizes the bitterness of old age, then Mingsha Mountain is like.

The joy of victory in the prime of life. "(page 98-99) However, folk customs and scenery,

There are still differences in the aesthetic identification of scenic spots and historical sites. Mainly in terms of aesthetics, landscapes (for example,

Guilin and West Lake tend to be beautiful, and historical sites (such as the Great Wall of Wan Li and the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang) tend to be sublime, while

Folk customs are mostly related to festival activities, but they are often comic. Celebrate the whole world and have fun.

Harmony makes aesthetic identification easier and freer than other tourism aesthetic objects, without any thoughts.

This kind of aesthetic recognition can be seen from CCTV's annual Spring Festival Evening, which is getting more and more popular.

Its appeal and cohesion are called "new folk customs". (Xiamen Evening News1995 February 16)

The periodical "Xinhua News Agency published a written talk on the Spring Festival gala, thinking that TV viewers' appreciation psychology is mature")

(2)

Folk beauty belongs to a social beauty. But it is different from the beauty of social things.

Social things (such as labor products and tools) generally take materialized forms, so it is difficult to directly see the process of creation.

Folk customs, however, are mostly social group activities, involving the whole process of the creator himself, and can be

Direct communication, exchange and dialogue. Therefore, just as human beauty is the core of social beauty, social things.

Of course, the degree of beauty is not as good as folk customs. Specifically, there are four aspects:

First, folklore and physical beauty of people.

In folk customs, many ancient relics have been preserved. At that time, productivity was extremely low,

Ancient people faced the hardships of survival and life. For social production and self-production, we must have health.

Strong body and soul. This has been fully reflected in some folk art performances. For example, the breast beating dance in Quanzhou.

"The performers went shirtless and wore straw hats, and their upper limbs beat their chests, armpits and thighs rhythmically with the beat.

Sometimes I jump up and down and my head swings humorously. Dance music is accompanied by the popular southern song "3200"

Gold "or other car drum music. The basic movements are high-five, eight-clap, jade donkey jumping, golden rooster independence and kindness.

Grab the card casually, the frog comes out of the hole, the small castration line, the big castration line and so on. "(Xiamen Siming District Literature and Art Association" Fujian

Taiwan Province Folklore, Lujiang Publishing House, 1989, page 2 19) Imagine if all the performers were.

Some of Lu Xun's "hunchback five little" can be naked and shriveled. Is it so difficult?

What about the dance moves? Similarly, some festivals in folk customs contain the aesthetic significance of tourism and are also related to the participants.

There is a certain relationship between physical health and strength. I am "climbing, walking, hiking (traveling)"

According to the aesthetic significance) ",points out that:

The popularization trend of ancient tourism in China is not exactly the same as that in the West. Western modern tourism depends on

The appearance of trains in transportation and the means of marshalling management. After the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties in China, the trend of tourism popularization,

Mainly use folk festivals. Mountain climbing and Double Ninth Festival, hiking and Tomb-Sweeping Day have long been folk customs. Hiking,

It is also usually arranged on public holidays. (China Tourism News124 March 992)

As for some folk sports, it has become a symbol of health, strength and beauty, with a huge scale and deep roots in people's hearts.

Heart. "For example, the Dragon Boat Festival has developed into a large-scale sports competition across counties and provinces in recent years, and it has been won by multinational companies.

Organizer. 1988 the lotus cup and hilton cup dragon boat races held in Panyu county, Guangdong province attracted two spectators.

A crowd of one hundred thousand people. In recent years, about 300,000 people climb Baiyun Mountain every year during the Double Ninth Festival. "(Ye

The folk beauty of Chunsheng, Hainan People's Publishing House, 1987, pp. 3-4).

Second, folk customs and people's decorative beauty.

Clothing is the main aspect of human decoration. Clothing is not only the "second skin" of people, but also a symbol of culture.

It also includes distinguishing the external characteristics of ethnic minorities. Among the 55 ethnic groups in China, except the northwest minority.

Except for white people, most of them are yellow people. I read an anthropology book, saying that China is yellow and the north is.

Mongolian species, southern Malay species In other words, a standard northerner and a standard southerner are in

There are still differences in physique. Moreover, the settlements of our ethnic minorities are scattered all over the country, so it is impossible to use the north.

Fang people, or southerners this standard to measure. Clothing often becomes the external symbol of ethnic minorities. In other words,

What kind of clothes a nation has is what kind of nation it is. This is the aesthetic object of folk tourism.

, is also very prominent.

Uygur flower hat, Dai costume, Manchu cheongsam, Yao flower pants, Tibetan hada,

Mongolian riding boots etc. , all decorated the tourist landscape, created a specific aesthetic atmosphere, and maintained it.

Charming charm. Some people have received a certain education or have lived in other towns for a long time and are unwilling to wear their own nationality.

As a cultural phenomenon, I don't want to and can't discuss it here. But there is one thing, now that I have done it.

For the folk tour organized by the tourism department, all ethnic minorities in the reception area should dress according to the folk requirements.

Only in this way can we show a certain style, that's for sure.

Third, folk customs and the beauty of human manners.

In the beauty of folk customs, there are two parts, namely, the beauty of social customs and the beauty of marriage customs, which involve people's etiquette.

Beautiful appearance. Our country is called the country of etiquette. Whether in behavior or in treating people, there are

Fine traditions and current norms. Some of them are precipitated in folk customs, sometimes sober and sometimes crazy.

Fan, set off the beauty of people themselves and between people. For example, the Hualan Yao cell in Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County, Guangxi.

A very polite person, they have a welcoming ceremony, which is called "leaving infiltration and waiting for chess" in Yao language, which literally translates as "far away"

Friends ",literally translated as" ritual songs ". For another example, many ethnic groups in our country have the custom of "playing the same year". seedling

It is called "Gajiang", which literally translates as "the root of an old tree", meaning "making the closest, most faithful and most reliable friends".

Friends ",commonly known as" sworn brothers "and" sworn friends ". Not only in the same ethnic group, but also in different ethnic groups.

It has become a bond of unity and a bridge of friendship, leaving many life stories.

Fourthly, folklore and human spiritual beauty.

The formation and spread of folk customs has a great relationship with the deep national psychology it contains.

Personality spirit. Qingming Festival and memorial to meson tui, Dragon Boat Festival and memorial to patriotic poet Qu Yuan are well known to all ages.

As for "in our long-standing folk etiquette, marriage custom is the most complicated and interesting." thousand

Over the years, these customs have been changing with the renewal of people's ideas, reflecting people from one side of life.

People's psychology, virtue and personality are rich in social content and have strong local and national colors.

Many scenes themselves are exquisite folk customs paintings with high aesthetic value. "("Folklore "

Beauty ",page 14 1)

The above is just a simple discussion and research on four different levels of folk custom and human beauty.

It is nothing more than saying that the real use of folklore in tourism lies in the beauty of people. Human beauty is a folk custom.

The core of emotional beauty. As the organizer, planner and implementer of folk tourism, we should understand this. Otherwise, this

An activity is either a formal challenge or a vulgar curiosity and obsession.

(3)

Vigorously carry out folk tourism and give full play to the humanistic resources in tourism aesthetics. Based on the above understanding,

Combined with the practice of development and utilization, we should pay attention to handling three groups of relations in general.

First, fist products and joint film development.

Every nation and every region should comprehensively shape its own folk tourism resources.

Queue up, and scholars and experts will demonstrate what is the fist product of this nation and what is the folk custom of this region.

Strive to achieve "you have nothing, I have you." Some time ago, people from Xiamen cultural circles got together to discuss the south.

Sound problem. Quanzhou has Nanyin, and Xiamen also has Nanyin. Nanyin in the two places is different in the long-term historical development.

With, began to form a genre. Some people advocate that there is. Some people argue that there is no difference. This shows that it exists objectively. Xiamen

Nanyin should encourage its genre to be more mature, come up with a whole set of programs and form a fist production.

Products.

But travel has a schedule and can't be too monotonous. After the fist product is formed, the corresponding operation is carried out.

Joint film development and peer-to-peer combination can retain tourists. The folk customs here have their own width and depth.

Can also actively cooperate with, interspersed with mountains and rivers, places of interest, etc. It can't be done alone.

Second, keep the tradition and develop new projects.

After entering modernization, Japan attached great importance to the development of folk customs and injected tradition into a new era.

Meaning. In Southeast Asia, folk customs are their strong points in tourism. In recent years, the sacrificial caves in Qufu, Shandong Province,

Weifang International Kite Festival, Guangdong Spring Festival Flower Market, Guangxi Sanjiangkou Song Festival and Fujian Mazu Culture Festival, public sacrifice.

Hakka Mother River (Tingjiang) and Tulou Culture Festival add luster to China's tourism industry. We should have a look.

Yes, folk customs have duality. On the one hand, it has variability and innovation, on the other hand, it has bad habits and inertia.

The newspaper reported: "More than 40 cities in China have banned fireworks and firecrackers this year, mainly Beijing and Nanjing.

Shenyang, Shijiazhuang and other large and medium-sized cities. "(Xiamen Evening News1February 995 13) is leather.

An example of getting rid of bad habits. When organizing, planning and implementing folk customs tours, we should adhere to this preconceived American standard.

Quasi-harmony with aesthetic ideal will better serve the construction of socialist spiritual civilization.

Third, tourism sets the stage, economic and trade singing opera.

According to Xinhua News Agency, "The latest statistics from the National Bureau of Statistics and the National Tourism Administration show that 1994.

In 2000, China's tourism foreign exchange income reached 7.323 billion US dollars, and domestic tourism income reached 95 billion yuan.

The two items add up to 654.38+06 billion yuan, indicating that tourism has become an important emerging industry in China. …

According to the statistics of the World Tourism Organization, China has ranked eighth among the top ten tourist destinations in the world. "("residence

Door Daily1February 995 10) This shows that tourism itself not only brings economic benefits to society,

But also brought social benefits. Folk custom is a kind of tourism aesthetic resource, which is in harmony with scenery, places of interest and historical sites.

In contrast, it has strong nationality, regionalism and participation, almost a nation, and it is the nation to which it is attached.

People in this area must participate and pay more attention to the development and utilization of this tourism project.

Ethnic groups and regions bring economic benefits. And "singing opera in tourism, economy and trade" is a better group.

Weaving form. In the Xinhua News Agency cable quoted above, there is another passage that says, "China is rich in tourism resources.

Since the reform and development, the development of tourism has attracted the attention of governments at all levels, and the advantages of tourism resources are gradually being transformed into

Realistic productivity. "(Xiamen Daily 1994 February 10), the second sentence of this passage,

"governments at all levels attach importance to it", and tourism in turn provides sufficient conditions for the development of economy and trade. because

Tourism and singing opera in economy and trade have proved to be a good way of activities, so folk customs should travel.

Try to integrate into it, but also get wind and rain, forming a virtuous circle. Of course, no question can be absolute.

Change. We emphasize the interdependence and mutual promotion of tourism and economy and trade, and do not deny the existence of folk customs.

Independent aesthetic value.