What are the functional states of people? Through the observation of various phenomena, we think it can be divided into four categories: normal function state, abnormal function state, abnormal function state and abnormal function state.
1, normal function: this is the most common phenomenon in people's daily life. It refers to the high abstraction and generalization of a large number of activities of healthy people engaged in general daily work and life, which can be divided into two types: awakening function and sleep function. These two functional states are different and can be studied independently. For example, the sleep functional state can be studied independently, but they are interrelated, so a person can't stay awake forever and can't be in the sleep functional state forever.
2. Abnormal function state: We classify all the states of human body as abnormal function states caused by diseases or adverse external conditions, and divide them into disease function states and crisis function states. Disease functions are also common and rich in life, such as mental patients, which can range from mild insomnia and neurosis to mental disorders; Facial flushing, a pulmonary tuberculosis patient, has a persistent low-grade fever. Some acute patients breathe faster and have a high fever. In short, all the manifestations caused by diseases that are different from the normal functional state belong to the functional state of diseases, that is to say, the human body itself has organic lesions. The further development of disease function can form crisis function. Of course, the crisis function may also be caused by the lack of oxygen in the external environment affecting the human body or a large amount of blood loss. In the state of crisis function, the human body adjusts to the emergency to protect life, and its limit is death. This is a malignant abnormal function.
3. Supernormal functional state: This concept can be considered as a benign abnormal functional state, showing supernormal ability. Supernormal function state can be divided into competitive function state in sports and alert function state when soldiers fight, charge and stab. The above two functional States are not only related to the high excitement of the brain, but also related to the mobilization of physical strength. In addition, there is the role of inspiration. At this time, people's thinking is fluent, showing high wisdom, the most prominent of which is the so-called "genius." The function of inspiration is mainly manifested in intelligence. People can make outstanding achievements in extraordinary functional state.
4. Abnormal functional state: This is another state of human body different from normal functional state, which can show abnormal phenomena. It can be further divided into hypnotic function state under hypnosis, qigong function state formed by meditation and intentional defense, and special function state entered by people with special functions.
These four categories and ten functional states can be converted to each other. The normal functional state can be regarded as the "ground state" of human beings, which is a relatively stable functional state formed by long-term evolution and genetic variation of species. Except for patients with congenital genetic diseases, all kinds of functional States of human beings start from this and turn back to this state, among which the awakening functional state plays an important role. Supernormal functional state is mainly a transitional state or an excited state transformed from awakening functional state, which can be achieved through good training. Physical exercise, soldier training, continuous learning and thinking are the methods of training. We don't know much about the abnormal functional state, but there is no doubt that it can be transformed with the normal state. Some examples show that through proper training, abnormal functional state can also be promoted. Abnormal functional state is what we don't want to produce. Medical treatment and research on some extreme physiology, in a broad sense, is to promote the abnormal functional state to return to the normal functional state. Other aspects of transformation, for example, it is reported that someone has acquired the ability with special functions after a serious illness at night, which can be regarded as an example of the transformation from abnormal functional state to specific functional state, and this is still a topic worthy of discussion.
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Are these four classifications based?
First of all, most of the above four phenomena are familiar to people. The waking state and sleeping state of normal functional state are repeated alternately by every normal and healthy person every day, and the difference between them is also very obvious. Abnormal functional status is also very common, so I don't need to repeat it. It is not difficult to understand that the performance of extraordinary functions appears in a large number of literary works, communication reports, biographies, movies and TV dramas. Sports stars, war heroes, masters of art, literature, science, etc. It always plays an extraordinary role in a certain period when they create amazing achievements. As for abnormal functional status, it is not common in daily life and needs to be described. Hypnotic state means that the hypnotist puts the subject into a hypnotic state by applying "hypnotic information" (such as language, action, etc.). ). In this state. People will temporarily lose consciousness, but this is different from sleep, because subjects can be asked to answer questions or do many actions according to the hypnotist's requirements, but they won't know when they wake up. Hypnosis is used in many aspects, such as reconnaissance, solving crimes, medical treatment and so on. Hypnosis has been circulating for at least hundreds of years. Of course, the functional state of Qigong is also a state. For example, a hard qigong player's palm is usually soft, but when he enters the functional state of qigong, he can be as hard as iron and break pebbles through luck. Of course, there are many schools of Qigong, each with different training methods, but their common point is that everyone should practice, have necessary postures and movements, adjust breathing, relax limbs, and finally achieve intentional defense and luck. And it is well known that they will have different states when practicing. Specific functional state is a special state of people with specific functions, but this state does not come at all times. Anyone who has participated in specific functional experiments knows that the first experiment often takes a long time, and once it is done, a series of projects will be completed soon; And sometimes even for a while, the function can't be shown at all. Therefore, we can think that there is a "special function state", and only when we enter this state can we show special functions. Of course, the above classification is only based on the induction of found phenomena. With the further development of the experiment, there will be more accurate features and parameters to replace these descriptions.
Secondly, from the perspective of modern systematics, the human body is a complex giant system. Biological research has divided the human body into many levels, such as system (respiration, digestion, blood circulation, nerves, urine, reproduction, exercise, etc. ), tissue (connective tissue, fat, epithelium, muscle, nerve, etc. ), cells (cell biology, cytochemistry, cell physiology, cytogenetics, etc. ), molecules (molecular cytology, molecular genetics, molecular evolution, etc.
The formation of system theory is also obtained through the study of organisms. About 50 years ago, von Bertrand Fei first regarded biology as a whole, and at the same time studied the whole and its surrounding environment as a large system, and founded the general system theory, emphasizing the openness of the system, that is, the exchange of energy and materials between the system and its surrounding environment (we believe that today, this also includes the exchange of information. This is different from the closed system studied by the second law of thermodynamics (a limited system that is isolated from the surrounding environment and does not exchange material and energy). It can only increase the directional disorder and link the order and "purpose" of biological and life phenomena with the stability of the system structure. Order makes the structure of the system stable, and "purpose" is the most stable structure of the system.
However, how does the orderliness of complex systems come about?
After decades of efforts by the Brussels School in Belgium, represented by Prigogine, this problem started from the equilibrium thermodynamics, studied the thermodynamics called deviating from the equilibrium state, established the non-equilibrium thermodynamics, and further extended it to study the situation far from the equilibrium state, and developed the stable structure far from the equilibrium state-dissipative structure, which is exactly what the general system is looking for. The so-called dissipative structure, from the point of view of thermodynamics, refers to the concept that the system must be open. Although the system itself produces office, it exports office to the surrounding environment (or absorbs negative office), so the office value of the system is a "poor" dynamic concept. If the output is greater than the output, the system reserves less space, thus the orientation is orderly.
This theory has been processed by Harken's applied statistical theory and entered the synergetic stage. Synergetics believes that for complex systems, although there are thousands of variables to describe the system, the value of a system variable can be marked by a coordinate, and the instantaneous state of a surface system can always be represented by a phase space formed by a point in a multidimensional space and many mutually perpendicular variable coordinate axes. The change of the system with time is the movement of this point with time in the phase space. If the system itself is to move towards an orderly structure, then the direction of the orderly structure is the goal of the system. In more complicated cases, the points of the ordered structure are a kind of repeated oscillation, so there is a closed loop in the phase space, and this loop becomes the system purchase target. If you add random fluctuations, then this point or ring is not so clear and a little fuzzy.
Applying the above concepts, it is not difficult to understand that the normal functional state of human body is a "ring" composed of sleep functional state and sleep functional state, and it is a giant system that human body pursues stable and orderly structure. The formation of this huge system is the result of the slow evolution of nature for billions of years.
Of course, it is not difficult to understand that the instantaneous state of the giant system deviates from the stable structure due to the change of one or some subsystems, thus forming abnormal functional state, extraordinary functional state and abnormal functional state.
However, apart from the general understanding of systematics, man himself is still a wise creature. As a whole, the nervous system, especially the brain, occupies a very important position in the human giant system, so it is necessary to explore the special important position of the function (consciousness) of the brain in the functional state of the human body.
Under the normal function state, the awakening function state and the sleep function state alternate, and the main sign is that the brain is excited in different areas and ways. The research on sleep function in recent ten years shows that people have "rapid eye movement period" and "slow wave period" during sleep, which appear alternately during sleep; It is also found that the production of chemicals such as sleep disorders and sleep factors can be considered to be related to the function of the brain, because modern science has proved that many small molecules with significant physiological functions are directly secreted by the brain.
In the state of abnormal function, although the direct cause of abnormal performance of giant system is the defect of plant subsystem (including system, organ, tissue, cell and molecular level), the overall performance is related to brain function. Not to mention psychosis and neuropathy directly related to brain function, other diseases, such as high fever caused by pneumonia and low fever caused by tuberculosis, are all related to the regulation of body temperature; When the body is seriously unfavorable, such as mountain sickness, it is also produced through the regulation of the brain.
The relationship between superpowers and the brain is even greater. The state of competitive function is the result of conscious and purposeful training of athletes and coaches. It requires athletes to be excited by a large number of stimuli from normal functional magnetism (warm-up activities, warm-up matches before the competition, lifting psychological barriers before the competition, etc.). ), so as to effectively mobilize the best state for the purpose of physical strength and motor skills and put it into the competition, thus creating achievements far beyond the normal awakening function state. The state of alert function is the result of conscious and purposeful training of soldiers and commanders at ordinary times. It requires soldiers to immediately enter the alert function state in wartime from the normal function state, and through a lot of stimulation (patriotism, national consciousness, combat orders, gunfire on the battlefield, the morale of the surrounding companions, etc. ), the brain is also highly excited and specific. In this case, other functions of the brain coordinate with it, so some senses are dull instead. For example, when the war is fierce, although it is scarred, it does not feel pain; It doesn't matter if you lose a lot of blood; An insurmountable gap at ordinary times. You can jump over and so on. As for "inspiration", although it sometimes appears in the brain for a short time, it can be considered as the most coordinated and orderly result of brain function, that is, the best state. "Inspiration" does not fall from the sky, it is the result of long-term accumulation of logical thinking (scientists) or image category (artists), and engaging in logical thinking or image thinking is of course the function of the brain.
Abnormal functional status is also closely related to brain activity. The essence of hypnosis is a state in which the subject receives some information from the hypnotist, which excites a certain part of the human brain and other parts cooperate with this part. The essence of qigong state is that qigong practitioners use self-awareness to regulate and excite some parts of the brain (we think that some actions such as limb relaxation and breathing regulation are also the essence of making some parts of the brain enter qigong state). Through the measurement of EEG activity, Comrade Mei Lei found that compared with the normal state, there is an effect that the dominant peak of wave moves from Qin area (normal state) to frontal area (qigong state) and the wave frequency slows down, which shows that qigong is closely related to brain activity. Specific functional states can also be produced and improved through induction and supervision, which mainly depends on the control of brain consciousness. Experiments show that some people show special functions at night and also have special EEG signals.
To sum up, the functional state of the human body is closely related to the function of the brain.
Human science was put forward by the famous scientist Qian Xuesen in 198 1 year 1 month. Anthropology is a science that studies people's functions, further develops people's potential functions, and maximizes people's potential. According to Comrade Qian Xuesen, as far as the human science system is concerned, as far as applied technology and engineering technology are concerned, it includes sports technology, martial arts, acrobatics, martial arts and fitness. Ergonomics is to study the cooperation between man and machine, so that the effect of man and machine can reach the best state. Medical discipline is also a big applied technology, including clinical discipline and preventive medicine discipline. The theory of applied technology science is the theoretical basis of the above disciplines, such as biomechanics and sports psychology are the direct basic theories of sports science. The basic sciences of human science include anatomy, physiology, histology, embryology, genetics, psychology and so on. These are all established disciplines. The real goal of human science research is also the great progress that this department is about to make, that is, Chinese medicine, qigong and human special functions.
According to this understanding, we try to compare the theory of human functional state with the above research.
1, normal functional state is the category of previous biological science research.
We can consider the previous human structural anatomy and functional physiology, as well as histology, embryology, genetics, cytology, biophysics, biochemistry, bioenergy mechanics, experimental biology, anthropology, human morphology, anthropometry, ethnology, gerontology, meteorological biology and so on. , is the basic theoretical research of normal human body function. The reason why people can maintain normal functional state is based on these normal structures and functions.
2. Abnormal functional state is the research category of medicine, pathophysiology and nursing.
As mentioned earlier, abnormal functional status is also a great generalization. Because the giant system of human body is composed of many subsystems of different levels, and each subsystem deviates from the normal level, it may lead to changes in the giant system. Therefore, various clinical disciplines, such as internal medicine, surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, dermatology, neurology, epidemiology, orthopedics, occupation, nursing, child and adolescent health, nutrition and hygiene,
3. Supernormal functional state belongs to the research category of modern psychology.
The study of competitive functional state should belong to the category of sports psychology. This field has a history abroad, but it has only been studied in China in recent years. The research of alertness function has never been scientifically and systematically studied. Not only that, in fact, there is no systematic scientific research on image thinking in the two forms of thinking, but the summary of logical thinking is logical. If people can master the law of inspiration and greatly tap people's potential, then it is conceivable how great spiritual and material wealth this will create! Therefore, Comrade Qian Xuesen is far-sighted and thinks that a research department of "thinking science" should be established at present.
4. Abnormal functional status is the main research object of human science.
As can be seen from the above introduction, the study of other functional forms has been incorporated into the existing traditional disciplines, while the manifestations of abnormal functional forms, such as Qigong and special functions, have never entered the door of science in China despite thousands of years of historical records. Its various functions are often unbelievable. However, on the whole, we can find that it is not impossible to discuss these theoretically. On the contrary, it is only an attribute and an aspect of the human body. All qigong and special functional phenomena are attributes of abnormal functional state, which is a basis for putting forward the research focus of human science today.
Secondly, because it is studied as a whole, it must be combined with Chinese medicine theory. As we all know, the theory of traditional Chinese medicine only emphasizes the holistic view of human beings, and its theories of Yin-Yang, Five Elements, Zang-Fu, Meridian and Liu Zhu all consider problems from the perspective of human beings as a whole. The treatment of traditional Chinese medicine emphasizes syndrome differentiation and treatment, and emphasizes the systematic view of the relationship between man and environment, which coincides with the highly comprehensive system science developed today. It can be said that the theory of traditional Chinese medicine contains the idea of naive system theory. However, the theory of TCM has a long history. At that time, it was impossible to summarize the achievements of modern biology and physiology according to analysis, so it was inevitable to be vague in some aspects, which was a defect.
Therefore, it is necessary to link the theory of traditional Chinese medicine with modern scientific achievements, and to combine macro-system theory with micro-achievements such as molecular biology and cell physiology. For example, in 1973, Goldberger linked the findings of biochemistry-a pair of antagonistic multi-effect biomolecules in human body-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) with the theory of Yin and Yang in traditional Chinese medicine, and found a material basis for the theory of traditional Chinese medicine at the molecular level. Isn't this a good example of the modernization of Chinese medicine?
Comrade Qian Xuesen believes that the main research direction of human science at present is the trinity of Chinese medicine theory, qigong and human specific functions, and the core is the study of qigong state, which is very correct.
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The theory of human functional state brings the study of Qigong's specific human functions into the track of modern scientific research.
Chinese medicine has a history of thousands of years in China. After liberation, the CPC Central Committee and the people's government have always advocated Chinese medicine and formulated a series of Chinese medicine policies, which made it clear that Chinese medicine is a great treasure house. However, due to various reasons, Chinese medicine still can't get the corresponding development. As far as the TCM team is concerned, according to relevant statistics, there were 500,000 TCM practitioners in 1958, but only 250,000 in 1978. In the past 20 years, the population has increased greatly, while the number of Chinese medicine practitioners has decreased, which is obviously abnormal. But in spite of this, Chinese medicine still occupies a place in medical treatment, and qigong is even worse. Not only did he have no position in the hospital, but he was once discriminated against. But qigong has been handed down among the people, which in itself shows the value of qigong. Today, qigong is gradually accepted by everyone, which is of course a very good phenomenon.
The theory of human functional state undoubtedly established the position of qigong and special function research. It is the object of modern scientific research, just like normal function state, abnormal function state and abnormal function state, especially in this field, it has just been explored, so in a sense, it has a broader future.
The theory of human functional state also summarizes the achievements of previous qigong research and human specific function research. Many experimental results are classified into categories, which are only records of Qigong and human specific functions, which experiments are closer to the essence of abnormal functional state, which are close to the work in another scientific field, and so on. Let us know more about it and have a clear main direction for the next work.
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It is of great significance to put forward the theory of human functional state. It is the first time to clearly put forward the existence of Qigong functional state and specific functional state as abnormal functional state of human beings, which greatly broadens people's horizons.
Kurt, an American historian of science, studies the structure of scientific development with the idea of modern system theory, and thinks that the development of natural science will inevitably produce a leap and a scientific revolution in addition to the accumulation of conventional science. Great discoveries in science are all about fundamentally overthrowing the common understanding or "conventional understanding" created by scientists in the past, breaking old norms and creating new ones. This kind of thinking and behavior is the scientific revolution, which not only changes the face of science, but also changes people's world outlook. The presentation of human functional state has just broken people's traditional "conventional understanding", and its final establishment will eventually trigger a new scientific revolution, and now it is the incubation stage of this new scientific revolution. It can be expected that this revolution is greater than relativity and quantum field theory.
The theory of human functional state is also related to the debates in modern science, such as "C implicit parameter", "the principle of the correlation of all things", "multi-world theory", "the view of heaven and man" (the principle of anthropic selection and the principle of human universe) and so on. Is it possible to consider and solve several difficult problems at a higher level, perhaps with greater hope? Therefore, the study of human body science may be a breakthrough in the frontier of contemporary science, and it is not unreasonable.
The fundamental purpose of putting forward the theory of human functional state is to tap human potential and further improve human status in nature. If we master the law of supernormal functional state, let more mental workers often be inspired by generate, greatly increase the frequency of "genius", and let manual workers and sports workers often be in a competitive functional state, we will greatly improve work efficiency, human beings will become "superman" and the whole world will have greater changes. Through the study of abnormal functional state, human beings have greater ability to understand and transform nature, turn accidental phenomena on human beings into the wealth of all mankind, and dig out treasures buried in the depths of their hearts. What an attractive prospect.
Of course, these new understandings will also impact people's world outlook and profoundly affect people's understanding of matter and spirit, but we believe that all new scientific discoveries will enrich Marx's dialectical materialism, and only by breaking the shackles that imprison people's thoughts,
It is only two years since the theory of human functional state was put forward. Although it is the product of a large number of experimental phenomena combined with modern system thought, it has a solid foundation, but it has not been paid attention to by the scientific community at present, especially the inspiration function state in the supernormal function state and the qigong function state and the specific function state in the abnormal function state, which are even more difficult for ordinary people to understand.
We believe that the proposition and establishment of a theory must have a lot of experimental basis, and only after repeated argumentation and testing can it finally be established. At present, there is still a lack of basic experimental research to grasp the essence of human functional state. Judging from the current experiments, Comrade Mei Lei's description of the wave reversal and change of Qigong's functional state is close to the essence of Qigong's functional state: the so-called functional state of Qigong is the functional state change of the giant system of brain in human body. Therefore, it can be inferred that in the state of "inspiration" and in the specific functional state, the activity degree of brain function will be different from that of normal awakening function. Once these essential characteristics are grasped, the establishment of this theory is beyond doubt.
Of course, the study of brain function must be carried out in vivo, and the subjects need to be trained, and such subjects are only distributed in a certain number in the population. In addition, the functional state to be studied only appears under relatively stable conditions, which is indeed contradictory. In addition, at present, only advanced electroencephalographs and magnetoencephalometers are used to study brain function. These instruments are quite expensive, and there is no such equipment in general laboratories, and so on. These are the more difficult aspects. This needs to be taken seriously and persisted.
The theory of human functional state and human science is a new thing. In the process of its growth, it has encountered various obstacles, and there will be twists and turns and difficulties in its future progress, but we firmly believe that under the guidance of Marxism–Leninism, we will surely win.
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