The general concept of reading guidance project is no stranger to enterprises, and the most common one is engineering project. In daily management activities, whether it is production activities or business activities, if the process of each activity is reasonably decomposed, it can be seen. These activities all have the characteristics of the project, such as: they all have a certain time limit, they all need people to complete, they all need to consume certain resources, and they all have basic attributes such as starting, planning, executing and closing.
1 project start
It is not clear how the enterprise decides the start of a project. Some people think that the project will start when it is ready to start, while others think that it will start when the project is approved. It should be recognized that both engineering projects and other projects need to use resources, and the starting time should be determined from the effective date of the documents or approvals of organizations authorized to use resources.
The start-up process of an engineering project is that the functional management or market research department generates a project concept according to the market situation, reports it to the superior competent department in the form of a project proposal, conducts market research after being approved by the competent department, and submits the research results to the management for review. After the examination and approval, it will be formally approved: conduct a feasibility study, and then conduct a feasibility study. At this stage, the cost of the project should be estimated. After the feasibility study is passed, it will enter the preliminary design stage of the project. After the feasibility study is approved, the project can be identified as construction.
2 project bidding management
The Bidding Law stipulates that bid evaluation cannot be undertaken by the tenderee or its agency, but a bid evaluation committee shall be established according to law. The bid evaluation committee is a temporary organization responsible for bid evaluation, which is responsible for evaluating all bid documents according to bid evaluation standards and methods, recommending or directly determining the winning bidder to the tenderer. The bid evaluation committee consists of technical department. There are more than 5 economic experts, not less than 2/3 of whom are technical and economic experts, and they are generally randomly selected from the national or provincial bid evaluation expert database. The lowest bid price method after evaluation: This method is generally applicable to the bidding project with general technical and performance standards or without special requirements of the tenderer. The jury will adjust the bidding quotation of all bidders according to the price adjustment method stipulated in the bidding documents. If the quotation is obviously lower than the pre-tender estimate, it must be questioned and defended to ensure that the quotation is reasonable.
3 project monitoring
The central task of project supervision is to manage the investment, quality, progress, safety, contract and information of construction projects, and coordinate the relationship among stakeholders involved in project construction. The supervision company also manages the supervised projects as independent projects, and the same production follows the general process of project management.
Project supervision is a process of supervising, inspecting and evaluating relevant subjects according to legal norms and contract stipulations, and organizing and coordinating them to promote cooperation among stakeholders and achieve project objectives. Generally speaking, the supervision company bears the responsibilities and obligations in the process of project supervision. The main supervisors are directors, directors' representatives, professional supervision engineers and supervisors. Supervision methods include: witness, standing by, patrol, parallel inspection, equipment supervision, etc. Handling methods include: expense claim, approval of temporary extension, approval of extension, etc.
4 project acceptance process
(1) preparation stage: mainly to finish local, scattered and sporadic projects, and at the same time do a good job in the ideological work of the team. Prepare acceptance materials, classify and file them, form complete acceptance materials, and prepare for query and retrieval at the same time.
(2) self-inspection. The project manager shall organize the project team to carry out pre-inspection according to the formal acceptance procedures, correct the problems found in time, and fill in the self-inspection report at the same time.
(3) Submit the acceptance application. Apply in writing, submit the acceptance materials and submit the acceptance application.
(4) The accepting party shall form an accepting committee to pre-examine the accepted materials.
(5) Initial on-site inspection. The Acceptance Committee makes a preliminary inspection of the project, puts forward rectification suggestions for nonconformities and makes rectification within a time limit. (6) Formal acceptance. The acceptance committee will conduct comprehensive and detailed formal acceptance on the basis of preliminary acceptance. Including single projects and unit projects, unqualified departments will be rectified within a time limit until they are qualified.
(7) Sign the project acceptance documents. Sign the qualification documents of the project or stage, at the same time, evaluate the projects with rating as excellent grades, and handle the asset transfer of investment projects.
Five ways to promote project management
5. 1 Update management concept
The leader of an enterprise is the leader. The development of an enterprise lies in the foresight of the management, and the top managers are the actual controllers of the management. Therefore, the development of an enterprise mainly depends on the correct decision of the top management. Enterprises exist in the market, which is the creative unit of social wealth and the main body of competition. Advanced ideas will bring opportunities to enterprises, while conservative ideas will lead to disasters. Therefore, enterprises must always pay attention to updating their concepts and keep pace with the times. The key to the renewal of enterprise concept is the renewal of leadership concept, which is not only because of the position of leaders in enterprises, but more importantly, leaders can understand problems from the perspective of the market and enterprises, and combine their own understanding with the role of the market, which is more conducive to guiding the operation and development of enterprises.
Different management levels have different requirements for the renewal of project concepts. For top managers, it is necessary to establish the concept of project management, look at the strategic objectives of enterprises from a long-term perspective, and evaluate the degree of realization of strategic objectives. The support of the project should treat and deal with problems with modern project thinking concept; For middle managers, they mainly pay attention to management process and management thinking, and grasp the degree of organization, planning, coordination and guarantee of organizational goals from the perspective of management; For the operational layer, it should mainly focus on technology, skills and operational skills.
5.2 Ensure that the construction period goes as planned.
The so-called construction period management refers to the planning, implementation, regular inspection and update of the construction period at all stages of civil engineering planning, design and construction. Project management has two levels of time constraints. The first level is the project planned duration under given resource conditions, and the second level is to discuss how to replace the shortened project planned duration with reasonable resource conditions. These two levels should be gradual, which is the goal pursued by project management. The most important thing in project management is to explore ways to shorten the construction period according to the overall construction period plan data, so as to reduce the investment risk, flexibly allocate funds and reduce the loan interest burden. Another advantage of controlling and shortening the construction period is that the building facilities can be used as scheduled or even in advance, making full use of resources. And can provide operational benefits. Good time management can make people, machines, materials and other resources get reasonable and appropriate planning and application, and avoid blindly rushing to work. Causing waste of resources. At present, most of the time limit for a project management methods in the construction site are that the person in charge of the project manually makes a simple crossing diagram or network diagram before the start of construction, and the work items are mainly structural construction. As for the complex decoration project, the construction period is three months or five months.
5.3 Training excellent project management team
The project management team is composed of top managers, middle managers, grass-roots managers, functional managers, project managers and operators, so we should attach importance to the project management team. Because the management is not only the corresponding project management executor, but also the decision-maker at this level. The level of decision makers directly affects the future of enterprises and the success or failure of projects. The premise of building an excellent project management team is to improve the quality of employees. The cultivation of skills is of course important, and the systematic thinking of the project needs to be gradually established and rooted in the minds of managers at all levels. Enterprises should establish a training plan, focusing on cultivating the project management concept of top managers, and the process of cultivating an excellent project management team is also a process? Project and management support also plays an important role, even determines? Project? Success or failure is at stake.