Graduation thesis of mechanical manufacturing automation major: talent training of mechanical design, manufacturing and automation major
With the rapid development of the era of knowledge economy, all walks of life have higher and higher requirements for talents, especially those with high quality, high ability and strong application skills. Although the major of mechanical design, manufacturing and automation in China has a long history of development, there are many types of colleges and universities, and the conditions and levels of running schools are different. However, with the continuous acceleration of China's higher education reform in recent years, especially the rapid progress of high technology, the wide promotion of information technology and the popular development of higher education, the society has put forward higher and newer standards and requirements for the training quality of mechanical design, manufacturing and automation professionals in China. Therefore, this paper aims to explore and innovate the talent training system of mechanical design, manufacturing and automation specialty in China, in order to promote the close connection between talent training and market demand, improve the optimization of education quality and maximize the value of talents.
First, the development of China's mechanical design and manufacturing technology and related personnel training.
China's machinery design and manufacturing technology has made great progress in the past 50 years, and the industrialization of machinery has also achieved substantial development, and various industries have also made great progress. High quality, high efficiency and high competitiveness have become the development goals of mechanical manufacturing technology, and energy flow, information flow and material flow have become the components of its system, which has promoted the wide application of mechanical manufacturing technology in related fields. At present, China is still in the primary stage of socialist development, and the level of industrial development is still very low, and the distribution is extremely uneven. Manual manufacturing still occupies a considerable proportion, and mechanical automation has not reached a good level of development in China. On the basis of economic and technological modernization, China, as a big industrial manufacturing country, has made great progress in R&D and industrialization of high-tech fields, but there is still a huge gap between the present situation of industrialization and the current market demand of China. Compared with the vast number of developed countries, there is still a gap in the overall development of China's machinery manufacturing industry, which can be divided into four reasons: first, it is unclear, and many enterprises do not know enough about technology and fail to realize the importance of mechanical automation technology in manufacturing; Second, the lack of a sound production system; Thirdly, the instability of scientific and technological talents seriously restricts the technological innovation of China enterprises and becomes the bottleneck of the development of mechanical design and manufacturing technology; Fourthly, backward technology is the core factor of slow industrial development in China, and it also fundamentally restricts the smooth development of mechanical design technology and automation in China. [1] In recent years, the scale of education development in China has been expanding day by day, and the education in mechanical design, manufacturing and automation has also made some progress. Under the guiding principle of education reform, various secondary vocational schools have also made multiple efforts in how to realize the diversification of talent training system and how to better adapt to the actual needs of society, so as to promote the talent training in China to show a good situation. It is worth noting that the cultivation of talents needs to be closely combined with the reality of social development, which is also the urgent need of China's economic and social development and the experience of industrialized countries in industrial-related professional education and industrial development. This is also the main obstacle in the current development stage of China's mechanical design and manufacturing technology education, which is characterized by too fine discipline division, too narrow knowledge and lack of practical training, resulting in insufficient understanding of the important role and status of mechanical design and manufacturing, and lack of diversified and modern design thinking, method training and comprehensive ability training. Therefore, it is urgent to study and solve various problems existing in the training of mechanical design and manufacturing related talents in China. [2]
Second, the necessity of innovation in the training system of mechanical design, manufacturing and automation professionals
(A) the necessity of changing the teaching concept
The premise of education reform is to change the traditional teaching concept, which mainly includes: first, to change the traditional teacher-centered education concept, adhere to the people-oriented modern teaching concept, respect the students' dominant position, strengthen the teaching service concept, and improve the quality of education as the purpose of mechanical professional education; The second is to break through the traditional limitations of attaching importance to science and technology and neglecting humanistic teaching, establish the concept of combining science and technology education with humanistic ideological education, and strengthen the cultural literacy of talents; The third is to reform the traditional "one size fits all" educational thought. All secondary vocational schools should set out from their own reality, establish healthy and personalized educational ideas, adopt a teaching plan of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, and cultivate talents with the idea of being brave in breakthrough and innovation. Fourth, reverse the backward thinking of traditional exam-oriented education, strengthen the cultivation of mechanical practical skills, and realize the training goal of applied talents; The fifth is to implement the requirements of quality education and promote the all-round development and progress of talents. [3]
(B) the social demand for talent
Machinery manufacturing industry is the cornerstone of industrial development and economic progress of the whole country. With the continuous improvement and regulation of China's macroeconomic policies, the machinery manufacturing industry has shown a rapid development trend. According to the actual investigation, the machinery manufacturing industry in China has been growing at a high speed of more than 30% in 2008, and even in 2009, when facing the severe financial crisis, it can still maintain the growth rate of 10%. Mechanical packaging has developed into one of the top ten mechanical industries in China, with an average development speed of 7% in recent years. It can be seen that the demand of social market for mechanical design and manufacturing related professionals is increasing day by day, especially for applied high-skilled talents, and it is urgent to reform China's mechanical professional education. [4]
(C) the needs of industrial development
Since the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have formulated a series of strategic plans, such as taking the road of innovation, new industrialization, strengthening the country with talents and characteristics, and put forward brand-new standards and requirements for education in the engineering field, because the development road of new industrialization needs the support of a large number of engineering talents. Innovative countries need a large number of engineering talents to reform and innovate China's industrial technology; Building a distinctive socialist country requires a large number of highly competitive talents to promote it. The teaching goal of mechanical design, manufacturing and automation specialty is to cultivate high-skilled and modern mechanical talents. This major shoulders the important responsibility of providing engineering R&D talents for machinery-related industries. The quality of personnel training directly affects the comprehensive quality of machinery-related products, which is of great significance to promoting China's industrialization development and enhancing international competitiveness.
Third, the path choice of the reform and innovation of the talent training system of mechanical design, manufacturing and automation specialty
(A) to establish and improve the teaching system
Reform teaching contents, methods, modes and curriculum system, promote students to establish modern engineering consciousness, cultivate students' ability to analyze and solve practical engineering problems with high technology, and cultivate students' innovative spirit and ability. In the teaching system, the professionalism, individuality, complexity and application of talent training should be emphasized. Based on this, we should establish and improve the knowledge structure of talent curriculum system, and have specific ability training curriculum system, basic mechanical theory curriculum system, mechanical manufacturing design curriculum system and mechanical processing system. [5]
(B) to strengthen the construction of teachers.
Teachers' strength is the basis and premise to ensure the cultivation of talents. In order to cultivate talents suitable for the level of social development, schools must ensure the high level and high skills of teachers. In view of the current situation that most mechanical teachers lack rich engineering practical experience, it is the main way to cultivate diversified mechanical teachers through the planning policy of combining "going out" with "bringing in". Specifically, first, arrange relevant professional teachers to participate in engineering practice training in training bases, laboratories, enterprises and institutions of the school regularly or irregularly, which is the only way to improve teachers' professional practical skills and innovative skills. The second is to strengthen the contact between the school and related enterprises, hire professional and technical personnel to hold lectures or symposiums at the school, regularly guide teachers' teaching and students' internships, make full use of the rich practical experience of relevant engineers in enterprises, and enhance teachers' teaching strength. The third is to enhance the enthusiasm of teachers to participate in scientific and technological projects and undertake projects entrusted by enterprises, strengthen teachers' engineering skills and quality through R&D drills of these projects, and accumulate engineering practice teaching experience.
(C) improve the teaching evaluation system
Teaching quality is the lifeline of education, and the establishment of teaching evaluation system in secondary vocational schools is the premise to ensure teaching quality. To improve the teaching evaluation system, we can start from three aspects: first, establish a teaching supervision system. Hire experts or scholars with rich teaching experience to form a special teaching guidance department, regularly evaluate and supervise the teaching quality, and give real-time guidance to the teaching process through a series of measures such as the consideration of talent training scheme, the assessment of new teachers' employment, and lectures, so as to improve the overall teaching quality. The second is the student evaluation system. At the end of each semester, students are organized to grade the teaching quality of teachers in various subjects online as reference data for evaluating the teaching quality of teachers. The third is the teacher evaluation system. Hold quarterly teaching observation activities, mark the implementation of observation, summarize all kinds of advanced teaching experience, promote teachers' exchange and learning in teaching methods, means and forms, and improve the overall teaching quality and effect. Since the reform and opening up, China's market economic system has accelerated and market competition has become more intense. For the deep processing of modern enterprises, its development needs the support of automation system. However, talents are the core foundation of the sustainable development of science and technology. Without innovative talents, the healthy, sustainable and harmonious development of enterprises will be hindered. The talent training system for mechanical design, manufacturing and automation specialty jointly established by enterprises and secondary vocational colleges vigorously cultivates the theoretical knowledge, application skills and comprehensive quality of relevant talents, improves the quality and effect of talent training, and realizes the leap-forward development of China's industrialization.
Graduation thesis of mechanical manufacturing automation major: research on construction machinery automation technology
Due to the particularity of the construction environment, the construction machinery ring industry requires a very high degree of mechanical automation. With the continuous development and progress of science and technology, the construction machinery industry has also been developed to a great extent, and the level of automation has been continuously improved. At the same time, with the rapid development of construction machinery automation in China, we must also clearly see the gap with developed countries. By studying the development history and present situation of construction machinery automation in China, this paper finds out the problems existing in the development of construction machinery automation, puts forward some suggestions on the development of construction machinery automation, and looks forward to its development prospect.
Construction machinery; Automation; Technology; The popularization and application of mechanical automation in engineering projects can greatly improve the production and processing efficiency and create higher economic benefits. The application of automation in the engineering industry can further promote the long-term stable development of the engineering industry. Although China's mechanical engineering automation is developing at a high speed, there is still a big gap compared with some developed countries with high degree of automation and mature technology. Therefore, if we can't be proud of our achievements, we still need to continue to deepen the research and investment in mechanical engineering automation technology and promote the development of infrastructure engineering automation, so as to further promote and apply infrastructure engineering automation.
1 Overview of construction machinery automation technology
At present, the more popular automation of construction machinery is a process in which the machinery is automatically controlled and operated according to preset procedures and methods without external interference, and the production operation is completed by using automation technology. The application of mechanical automation in engineering operation can realize continuous, automatic and efficient production in the operation process and improve production efficiency. The degree of automation directly affects the efficiency and level of production, and its application and development have become the main development direction of machinery industry.
2 Development course of construction machinery automation
In 1970s and 1980s, computer integrated manufacturing system appeared in China, which provided advanced automation technology for China's manufacturing industry and was widely used in construction machinery. The automation technology of construction machinery takes information integration as the development core, and the automation level has reached a certain height. However, influenced by various factors, the automation technology of construction machinery has also encountered some problems to be solved in the long-term development process. On the one hand, the computer integrated manufacturing system has a high demand for funds, which is a huge challenge to the development of automation; On the other hand, the computer integrated manufacturing system still has some technical problems and faces certain risks. From the perspective of automation technology of construction machinery in developed industrial countries, these problems are also faced. Therefore, information integration has gradually become an important link in the development of mechanical automation, which has attracted widespread attention from all countries. Some developed countries make full use of LCA technology, which greatly reduces the operating cost of construction machinery automation and promotes the development of construction machinery automation. At present, China attaches great importance to the automation development of construction machinery. In this process, we must proceed from the reality of China, introduce foreign advanced manufacturing systems on the basis of ensuring flexible manufacturing, and carry out targeted automation technology transformation to further improve the automation level of construction machinery in China. At present, China has made a comprehensive analysis of the existing mechanical automation technology, and implemented a series of reforms according to the problems existing in its development, fully studied the advanced mechanical automation technology abroad, formed a relatively complete theoretical basis of mechanical automation, and promoted the innovative development of China's construction machinery automation technology.
3 factors restricting the development of construction machinery automation
3. 1 The management mode is relatively backward.
The development of construction machinery automation is inseparable from scientific management methods, which can make the whole machinery manufacturing industry form an organic whole, grasp some dynamic information in time, facilitate the timely adjustment of the development strategy of mechanical automation, and have far-reaching significance for the long-term development of mechanical automation. At present, there are still some defects in the automatic management of construction machinery in China, which is far from the level of mechanical automation management in developed countries, which restricts the development of mechanical automation in China. The vast majority of enterprises still follow the traditional empirical management method in management mode, which is lack of scientificity and effectiveness, and the management mode is relatively backward, which has been unable to adapt to the current development of construction machinery automation. However, most foreign enterprises make full use of the existing computer network system to realize the effective management of mechanical automation, and can make reasonable adjustments to the problems in the development of automation technology to adapt to the rapid development of automation technology. The transformation of management mode has become the primary task of the development of mechanical automation technology in China.
3.2 Low level of mechanical automation technology
After a long period of development, China's mechanical automation technology has also made some achievements. However, judging from the current actual situation, the overall level of mechanical automation technology in China is low. Although China has also introduced a number of foreign advanced automation technologies, in the actual operation and application process, it lacks the internal combination with China's machinery manufacturing industry, which is not in line with the reality of China's machinery automation development, which also limits the long-term development of construction machinery automation technology to some extent. In addition, China failed to make rational use of some advanced automation technologies, even used traditional paper design when designing mechanical automation technologies, failed to play the auxiliary role of computers, and the utilization rate of advanced automation technologies was low, which hindered the development of mechanical automation technologies in China.
3.3 Lack of independent innovation ability
Innovation is the internal driving force of enterprise development. For the automation technology of construction machinery, continuous improvement and innovation are needed. It affects the level of economic development in China and plays an important role in the growth of national economy in China. China's machinery manufacturing industry started late, and its development speed is relatively slow compared with developed countries, which makes the development of machinery automation in China face great challenges. In addition, China's automation technology relies heavily on foreign advanced technology and lacks the ability of independent innovation. Most of the core technologies are based on foreign production experience, which seriously affects the innovation and development of China's construction machinery automation technology.
4 construction machinery automation development strategy
By summing up the development history of engineering and automation in China and analyzing the restrictive factors of development, China must clearly understand its own positioning and shortcomings, and embark on a road suitable for its own development from the production reality in combination with the market. Next, some suggestions are put forward for the development of construction machinery automation in China:
4. 1 improve the ability of independent innovation
Science and technology are the primary productive forces. To improve the development level of China's advanced productive forces, we must intensify the research and development of science and technology. In order to promote the further development of mechanical engineering automation, China must recognize the current market development needs, strengthen the research and innovation of mechanical automation technology, master the core technology as soon as possible, and get rid of the technical control of developed countries. The state should introduce incentive policies to reward innovative research results of independent research and development, and increase capital investment in independent innovation research. For the introduction of advanced mechanical automation technology from developed countries, it is necessary to make classification selection according to the current development situation to meet the current production needs or future development, so as to ensure the practicability and effectiveness of the imported technology.
4.2 Strengthen scientific management
The development of construction machinery automation technology must have a scientific and effective management mechanism to lead the development direction of the whole machinery automation technology. Therefore, Chinese enterprises must attach importance to the organization and management of mechanical automation technology, take reasonable and effective measures to standardize the market order, learn from foreign advanced management methods, and combine the development reality of Chinese enterprises to form a perfect scientific management mechanism to ensure the smooth operation of mechanical automation technology. In addition, in the practical application of mechanical automation technology, we should make full use of the advantages of traditional equipment, rationally adjust the layout of machine tools, and build a perfect manufacturing system with foreign advanced technology as a supplement to create good environmental conditions for the development of mechanical automation.
4.3 Improve environmental benefits
With the continuous development of socialist modernization, the environmental problems in China have become increasingly prominent and become a major problem to be solved urgently. Therefore, for the construction machinery manufacturing industry, it is necessary to fully implement the Scientific Outlook on Development strategy, improve the technical level of mechanical automation and develop energy-saving industries. Economic development cannot be at the expense of the environment. In the application of mechanical automation technology, we should start from all aspects, from production, design, packaging to recycling. , to achieve green. Clean, reduce environmental pollution. In addition, in order to strengthen the transformation and utilization of backward equipment, abandoned equipment is also a major source of pollution. For the old equipment with utilization value, it can be improved to continue to serve mechanical automation and play an environmental protection role. This is the internal driving force of the current development of construction machinery automation technology, and it is also the external requirement of China's building energy-saving industry, which is of great significance to the development of construction machinery automation.
5 Development prospect of construction machinery automation
In the development of construction machinery automation technology, capital demand is the most important thing in the development of the whole automation technology, and most enterprises will have a shortage of funds in the process of engineering manufacturing. Because of the development of construction machinery automation technology in the future, we can focus on optimizing manufacturing costs, reducing development costs and improving the overall efficiency of construction machinery automation development. It is necessary to carry out scientific management according to the actual development of enterprises, attach importance to scientific and technological innovation, and reduce costs on the basis of ensuring the improvement of mechanical automation technology. At the same time, the traditional mechanical automation equipment needs to be scientifically reformed, which not only avoids the waste of resources, but also provides equipment support for mechanical automation technology, which is also a development direction of construction machinery automation technology in China. In addition, we should also pay attention to the combination of foreign advanced technology and the development reality of Chinese enterprises, so that it can truly serve the automation technology of construction machinery in China and promote the improvement of the automation level of machinery in China.
6 conclusion
At present, there are still some shortcomings and defects in the automation technology of construction machinery in China. We should seize the existing development opportunities, attach great importance to and support mechanical automation technology, strengthen scientific and technological innovation, and form the core of China's independent technology. According to China's current national conditions, the automation technology of construction machinery should be scientifically and effectively reformed to promote the improvement of China's mechanical automation level and contribute to China's socialist economic construction.