According to the age stage of psychology, adolescence refers to adolescence (1 1, 12 to 14, 15) and early adolescence (14, 15 to/kloc).
Adolescence is a critical period in the process of human socialization. The process of human socialization cannot be completed at one time. Each age stage has its own specific socialization problems, and a person's life is a life of constant socialization. However, in the process of teenagers' socialization, the contradiction between physical development and psychological development, the motivation of internal psychological structure and the contradiction between subjective needs and objective reality are more complicated, which forms the age characteristics of teenagers and makes the socialization process more arduous. If the complex contradictions at this stage are solved well and the socialization process is in the right direction, the teenagers' body and mind will grow healthily; On the contrary, its socialization process will deviate from the correct direction, forming incomplete socialization or wrong socialization, and it is easy to embark on the road of illegal crime.
Teenagers' psychology is the reflection of objective reality in teenagers' brains, which is formed through people's consciousness, cognition, thinking, thinking and judgment. In the final analysis, the criminal psychology of criminal teenagers is also a reflection of various negative factors in the minds of criminal subjects. Therefore, to explore the causes of the formation of juvenile criminal psychology, we must analyze the objective factors related to the formation of criminal psychology-social environment factors. Social environmental factors refer to various factors that can affect the formation of criminal psychology in social life, which can be divided into two categories: large social environmental factors and small social environmental factors.
First, objective factors.
(A) Macro social and environmental factors
1, political environment factors.
Whether the national political situation is stable not only affects the stability of the whole society, but also directly affects the normal growth of teenagers, especially social unrest has a direct impact on social crimes. This is because social unrest has caused the originally eased social contradictions to confront again, and some contradictions among the people have been intensified. Where there is contradiction, there is conflict, and where there is dissatisfaction, there is resistance. The form of resistance is not only complaining, but also some crimes. Social unrest has lowered the prestige of the Party, shaken young people's reputation for socialism, reversed beauty, ugliness, good and evil, formed anti-social psychology, and embarked on the road of breaking the law and committing crimes.
2. Economic and environmental factors.
Economic and environmental factors mainly refer to the country's economic crisis, inflation leading to economic recession, leading to a decline in people's living standards, a decrease in income, and an increase in the number of laid-off workers. Among them, the employment of young people is affected, which inhibits their normal psychological development. Young people are full of ideals and have a bright future when they are students. They are energetic, interested and eager to learn. They hope to make more contributions to society after entering society. However, due to the economic recession, they can't find a job, stay at home, live in a special social environment, and lose their passion for life, which inhibits their normal feelings and disappoints some teenagers. Some teenagers have gone from discontent to confrontation and even embarked on the road of crime. There are also some teenagers, because the employment problem has not been solved for a long time, which leads to pessimism, depression, doubt and inferiority, and forms psychopathy; There are even some wandering teenagers, and the same fate makes them get together, talk about the dark side of society and complain. At this time, it is easy to accept the influence of various bad factors and thus develop into a criminal gang.
3. Spiritual and cultural factors.
After China implemented the reform and opening-up policy, while introducing advanced science and technology from western developed countries, the decadent things of western capitalism were also mixed with China. Such as unhealthy literary and artistic works, pornographic film and television works; Promote the so-called "sexual freedom" and "sexual openness" in the West; Promote violence and feudal superstition; Even the ugly phenomena such as drug abuse and prostitution, which have been extinct in China for decades, have resurfaced. These decadent bourgeois ideas have seriously poisoned the minds of young people. Teenagers are easy to degenerate because of the contradiction between cognitive ability and physiological development and weak will.
(B) small social and environmental factors
1, family factors.
Family is the basic unit of society and the foundation of social composition. A person spends the longest time at home from birth to adulthood, and his parents are most familiar with his situation, have the closest relationship and have the greatest authority. The formation of a person's temperament, gender, morality, quality, ideal and sentiment all starts from childhood and is related to the influence of parents' education and family environment. People learn to master the basic social behaviors and living habits in family life, and there are two main factors that affect the normal development of teenagers. One is family stability; The first is family education.
Family stability refers to a complete family or a defective family, that is, a "single-parent family" or a "two-parent family". The development of modern society believes that a family composed of a couple and their children is a complete family, and a complete family is generally stable. The so-called defective family refers to a family in which one or both parents are absent due to death, divorce, abandonment or other reasons.
A sound and complete family has a good effect on children's physical and mental development. The education with differences between parents is a kind of natural harmony, a kind of clever cooperation, and brings out the best in each other. For children's physical and mental development, the roles of father and mother are not exactly the same. Motherly love is a special product of mother-child relationship and the foundation of children's psychological development. Children who lack maternal love are defective children. Lack of maternal love will make children psychologically unstable, resulting in emotional and personality disorders. Such children are withdrawn, indifferent, rude and introverted. Without a father, maternal love will develop into a doting type, the stability of the family will be lost, and the educational function of the family will be weakened. The misfortune of defective families lies in the lack of this natural and harmonious normal education.
Family education mode-children live mainly by their parents during the six to seven years from birth to school. Parents' words and deeds are very important to their children's conduct. "Parents are their first teachers", which shows the importance of parental education. Family education has a great influence not only on children's moral quality, but also on their psychological development. However, in the real society, all kinds of bad family education methods are still very common, which seriously affects the mental health development of teenagers. There are roughly the following types:
Rough and simple-this kind of family education is that parents reprimand and abuse their children's ideological and moral qualities, even their study and life. As long as the child's words and deeds do not conform to the wishes of his parents, he will be punished if he does not fight or scold, and his attitude towards the child is imperative. Have no love for children, or force children to obey their parents' orders even if they have love. Children living in such a family have lost the care of their parents and the warmth of their families, which makes them fear and rebel against their parents and urges them to seek care and warmth in society.
Laissez-faire-this kind of family education is indifferent to children, thinking that as long as children have enough to eat and wear warm clothes, they never carry out patient and meticulous ideological education. As a result, the child had a problem and suddenly realized it, but it was too late to regret it.
Cover-up and encouragement-this kind of family education is to turn a blind eye to children's wrong words and deeds, turn a deaf ear, and even protect children's shortcomings and encourage them. In this way, children will go further and further on the wrong road.
Bad family style-This kind of family refers to the family whose members (parents, brothers and sisters) have bad ideas, morality and life style, and have not corrected them, which directly affects the young members of the family. Teenagers are in the stage of learning to imitate, and such a family undoubtedly plays a role as a dye vat and a hotbed for them.
Spoil-The educational model of this family is that parents love their children but don't teach them, and they are obedient to their unreasonable demands, which leads to children's pursuit of enjoyment, love of leisure and hate of work, greed, arrogance and selfishness, which are more common in families with only children or unmarried children. Teenagers who grow up in this kind of family are easy to form selfish, willful and stubborn characters.
2. School environment
The development of teenagers' physical and mental health also needs the shaping of school education. The rapid development of modern society depends more and more on the educational function of schools. Because the school is not only a place to impart scientific knowledge, but also a place to cultivate young people's spiritual civilization, the primary education stage (6- 12 years old) is mainly intuitive education and thinking in images, the middle school stage (12- 18 years old) is characterized by abstract thinking, and by the high school stage (16-66) At this stage, on the one hand, he is energetic, curious and has a sense of justice; On the other hand, cognitive ability is not comprehensive, it is easy to go to extremes in evaluating things and looking at problems, and the mood is unstable, so it is impossible to treat and deal with setbacks correctly. These contradictions are the * * * nature of teenagers, which is a subject that must be solved in school education.
Pay more attention to intellectual education than moral education-this is particularly prominent in middle school education, and measuring a student's quality is a standard-academic performance. Everything will be fine if you get good grades. "A handsome man covers a hundred ugliness" and ignores ideological and moral education. Students with poor grades are rejected by teachers, their parents are angry, and social discrimination is ignored, which greatly hurts their self-esteem, which undoubtedly pushes them to the opposite side of society, making them give up on themselves, appear anti-social tendencies, and easily embark on the road of crime.
Improper school spirit and poor management-due to the development of society, today's campus has long been integrated with the outside world, and it is no longer a peaceful, elegant and scholarly paradise. Surrounded by Internet cafes and game machines, school management lags behind, leading to truancy, smoking, fighting, theft, puppy love and other serious violations of school rules and discipline. The middle school stage is a stage in which teenagers' psychology develops rapidly and their world outlook forms. However, because their psychological development is not yet mature and their world outlook has not yet been finalized, their plasticity is still great at this stage. If they live and grow up in such a campus environment, they will easily embark on the road of crime.
Teachers lack professional ethics-teachers should teach and educate people and be teachers, but at present, due to the impact of market economy and the influence of liberalism, some teachers lack professional spirit; Some teachers complain loudly on the podium and bring emotions into the classroom; Some teachers lack proper professional ethics, and they either satirize, ignore or even punish students with poor grades. Such a teacher's morality makes the lofty image of "teacher" disappear in the hearts of students.