Waterproofing of building engineering is an important function of building products, which is related to the use value, use conditions and sanitary conditions of buildings, affects people's production activities and quality of work and life, and plays an important role in ensuring engineering quality. With the continuous improvement of social living conditions, people pay more and more attention to their own quality of life, and the requirements for waterproof conditions are also constantly improving. In recent years, with the development of social science and technology, new waterproof materials and their application technologies have developed rapidly, from multi-layer to single-layer and from hot construction to cold construction. Facing the continuous progress and renewal of science and technology, it is particularly important to master the construction preparation and quality problems of waterproof engineering, which is of great significance to the development of building engineering in the future.
Several waterproof materials commonly used in 1
Waterproof material is the material basis of waterproof engineering, and it is the main barrier to prevent rainwater intrusion, groundwater and other moisture infiltration in buildings and structures. The advantages and disadvantages of waterproof materials have great influence on waterproof engineering, so we must start with waterproof materials to study waterproof problems.
1. 1 rigid waterproof material-waterproof concrete waterproof concrete has the dual functions of structural layer and waterproof layer. Its waterproof mechanism depends on the compactness of structural components (such as beams, plates, walls, etc.). ) and some structural measures (such as setting slopes and water-stop rings, etc. ) achieve the purpose of self-waterproofing of the structure. The construction preparation of this material is as follows:
1. 1. 1 operating conditions. (1) Complete the concealed inspection and pre-inspection of steel bars and templates, and check whether the through-wall bolts, equipment pipes, construction joints and embedded parts in waterproof concrete structures are waterproof during concealed inspection and pre-inspection; (2) Prepare the construction plan in advance; (3) Determine the mixture ratio through experiments.
1. 1.2 material requirements. ① Cement: Portland cement not lower than 32.5 grade, ordinary portland cement and slag portland cement can also be used; ② Sand: medium sand should be used, with silt content not more than 3% and silt content not more than1.0%; ③ Pebble: Pebble should be used, with the maximum particle size of 5 ~ 40 mm, and the silt content should not be greater than 1.0%, and the silt content should not be too large; (4) Admixture: Its dosage should be determined through experiments, and its grade meets the requirements of specifications.
1.2 coiled material waterproof material-asphalt waterproof coiled material asphalt waterproof coiled material is a sheet waterproof material that can be curled by infiltrating asphalt into base materials such as base paper and fiber fabric and spreading powder, granular powder or sheet material on its surface. Petroleum asphalt paper tire is a traditional waterproof material in China, and it still occupies a major position in roof engineering at present. It has the characteristics of good flexibility at low temperature, short service life of waterproof layer and low price. When the underground waterproof layer is constructed, when the underground water level is high, the underground water level should be lowered before the waterproof layer is laid, and the underground water level should be 30cm lower than the bottom elevation of the waterproof layer, and it should be maintained until the waterproof layer is completed; The base surface of the waterproof layer should be cleaned of dust and sundries, and the mortar blocks and protruding parts left on the surface should be cleaned up, and no hollowing, cracking, sanding and peeling are allowed. Coils, primary treatment agents and flammable materials used in waterproof layer should be stored separately, away from fire sources, and do a good job in fire prevention.
The material requirements of the coiled material waterproof material must conform to the specifications, and there must be the factory certificate of the product and the test report issued by the testing department with corresponding qualification grade. The bulging of the waterproof layer of the coil occurs between the leveling layer and the coil, mostly at the joint of the coil. The reason is that the leveling layer is not dry, the sweating rate is high, the air is not completely removed, and the coil is not firmly bonded. Leakage mostly occurs at pipe root, floor drain and deformation joint. , and the expansion joint is not disconnected, resulting in tearing of the waterproof layer. Due to the weak bonding, leakage may also occur in other parts, so the inspection should be strengthened and the operation should be cautious.
1.3 polymer synthetic material coating waterproof material synthetic polymer waterproof material is a one-component or multi-component waterproof coating made of synthetic rubber or synthetic resin as the main film-forming material and other auxiliary materials. Compared with the commonly used materials, it is relatively new.
Waterproof coating is a kind of polymer synthetic material which is viscous liquid at room temperature. After being coated on the surface of the base, a tough waterproof film is formed by evaporation of solvent or water or chemical reaction between components, which plays a waterproof and moisture-proof role. The coating waterproof layer is complete, seamless, light in weight, simple in construction, easy to repair and long in service life. Paper reference. The combination of waterproof coating and caulking material can enhance waterproof performance, effectively prevent water leakage and prolong the service life of waterproof layer. 1.3. 1 Requirements for materials Because the two-component and multi-component polyurethane waterproof coating contains a large amount of organic solvents, it pollutes the environment seriously and is forbidden to be used in some aspects. Therefore, one-component polyurethane waterproof coating is adopted. This kind of coating is made of polyether as the main raw material and various additives, which belongs to one-component flexible coating and has no organic solvent volatilization. Its solid content is low, its strength is high, and its elongation is over 80%. Paper reference.
1.3.2 When the waterproof layer of the finished material is operated, the operator should wear flat shoes. Paint waterproof construction, shall not pollute other parts of the wall. After the coating waterproof layer is constructed, it should be strictly protected, and no one is allowed to enter or pile up sundries on it, so as not to damage the waterproof layer. During the construction of waterproof protective layer, mortar shall not be mixed on the waterproof layer, and the iron bar shall not touch the waterproof layer when laying mortar, and it shall be finely crafted and shall not damage the waterproof layer.
2 application of roof waterproof technology
2. 1 The setting and practice of frame joints should be set at the supporting end of the roof panel, the corner of the roof, the junction of the waterproof layer and the protruding roof, and should be aligned with the joints of the roof panel, so that the cracks of the waterproof layer caused by the influence of temperature difference and the deformation of concrete shrinkage structure are concentrated at the frame joints to avoid cracking of the panel. Paper reference. The spacing between frame joints should not be too large. When it is more than 6m, a V-shaped frame joint should be set in the middle, and the depth of the frame joint should run through the thickness of the waterproof layer. When the frame joint is also used as an exhaust duct, the frame joint can be widened appropriately and an exhaust hole can be set for exhaust. When oil, asphalt and linoleum are used as the waterproof layer of the roof, linoleum with a width of 200 mm ~ 300 mm should be added to the frame joints, and asphalt glue should be pasted on one side, and ointment should be embedded in the frame joints.
2.2 roof leveling layer practice roof adopts the combination of building slope finding and structure slope finding. First, find the slope according to the structure of 3%, then use 1: 6 cement slag or cement expansive concrete stone to find the slope on the structural layer, and then make a 25mm thick cement mortar leveling layer. When looking for a slope in a building, we must find the flooding slope and the direction of water flow. Straighten, dot, pat, and the thickness of the drainage ditch with fishing line between the highest point and the drainage ditch shall not be less than 30 mm. When pouring, it must be rolled with a roller and a ruler to make it dense.
2.3 The practice of roof insulation layer should be adapted to local conditions in construction, learn from each other's strong points, and stick this layer of two-cloth and three-oil coiled material waterproof layer on the surface between the leveling layer and the rigid layer, which not only plays the role of insulation layer, but also can prevent sun and rain, prevent ointment from aging and play a waterproof role.
The following points should be paid attention to in the construction of coiled material waterproof layer: (1) Brush the base treatment agent on the base, which is required to be thin and uniform. Generally, after the coil is dried, it can only be laid when it is not sticky; (2) The coiled material waterproof layer should be laid parallel to the roof at the lowest elevation of the floor, so that the coiled material can overlap in the direction of water flow. When the roof slope is greater than 10%, the coiled material shall be laid perpendicular to the roof. (3) Paving method: peel off the isolation paper on the spine of the coil and stick the coil on the surface of the base. Keep the long side of the coil 50mm and the short side 70 mm. It is required that the coil be naturally relaxed and not pulled too tightly. After the coil is laid, it should be fully compacted with a plane vibrator immediately, and the vertical part should be compacted with a rubber hammer; (4) Coil lap joint: After the coil is compacted, uncover the lap joint, and evenly coat the lap joint glue with a paint brush. When the two bonding surfaces of the coil joint are uncovered and dried for a period of time, they can be bonded, and then compacted with a rubber hammer to avoid water leakage; (5) the waterproof layer construction temperature should be above 5℃.
Waterproof engineering is a key and concealed engineering in building construction, which plays an important role in ensuring engineering quality. Although the waterproof measures used at present have been greatly improved, they are far from meeting the requirements of engineering development. Entering the new century, the requirements for engineering quality are getting higher and higher. We should pay close attention to the research and development of various new materials to meet the requirements of waterproof engineering development, build high-quality and high-standard projects, and repay and serve the society.
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