War is an important means for modern powers to invade China. In the modern history of China, middle school history textbooks mainly introduce the background, process and influence of six wars of aggression against China launched by foreign powers. At present, hegemonism and imperialism are still threatening world security, regional wars are breaking out one after another, and the world is not peaceful. Striving for peace and development remain the two major themes of the world. Taking history as a mirror and recognizing the essence of imperialism is of great significance for accelerating the modernization process of our country and realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Under the influence of foreign powers' invasion and self-development, modern China has undergone comprehensive and profound social changes in politics, economy, culture and other fields, among which the biggest and most essential change is the change of China's social nature. In the great social changes in China, there are two tendencies: semi-colonialism and semi-feudalism. Semi-colonization brought great disaster to China society; Semi-feudalism can be said to be the development of China to some extent. In modern times, relying on its powerful economic and military strength, foreign capitalism has strengthened its control over China politically, plundered economically and gradually infiltrated culturally by waging wars, seizing territories, signing treaties, opening commercial ports, setting up concessions, controlling tariffs, monopolizing shipping, exporting goods and capital, and so on, making China a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society step by step. The political aggression of the great powers against China is mainly manifested in the multi-angle, multi-level and all-round violation of China's sovereignty. (1) Destroy the integrity of China's territorial sovereignty, such as ceding land, seizing leased land, forcing concessions, dividing spheres of influence, etc. (2) Disrupting China's national defense sovereignty, including territorial sovereignty, stationing warships in inland rivers and forcibly stationing troops. ③ Controlling China Customs, from the determination of tariff rate to customs management to the application of tariff collection, the basic rights of China Customs gradually fell into the hands of foreigners. ④ The destruction of China's judicial sovereignty began with the consular jurisdiction stipulated in the annex of treaty of nanking. ⑤ The destruction of foreign trade autonomy began with the unilateral MFN treatment stipulated in the annex of treaty of nanking. ⑥ Interfering in China's internal affairs, including controlling the central government or powerful people, as a tool of aggression. For example, the great powers successively controlled the Qing government, supported and used Yuan Shikai, controlled warlords and faction leaders, and controlled the National Government and its related factions. Directly affect and decide the major decisions of China municipal government; Suppress and destroy the people's struggle and the China Revolution, and make them develop and evolve in a direction beneficial to the interests of the great powers. Economic aggression is the main form of foreign powers' aggression against China, while political aggression and cultural aggression serve economic aggression. Generally speaking, in early modern times, the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 was the boundary, and the economic aggression of foreign powers against China was divided into two different periods. Before the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the economic aggression of the great powers against China was mainly commodity export-dumping goods to China and plundering raw materials. The main purpose of forcing the Qing government to sign a series of unequal treaties through war is: how to ensure the dumping of its goods in China market and how to facilitate its plundering of China's cheap raw materials. To this end, the powers achieved this goal by opening more trading ports, controlling China customs, exempting domestic taxes, ensuring the freedom and safety of their own personnel's activities in China, and allowing the legalization of opium trade. This is the motive of the great powers to wage war in this period, and it is also the main basis for determining the content of unequal treaties. After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, relying on their abundant capital and scientific and technological advantages, their economic aggression changed from commodity export to capital export, which took various forms, such as forcing loans, opening banks, building railways, opening factories and mining. Therefore, ensuring their safety in the capital of China became the main task of the political, military and cultural aggression of the great powers in this period. In the later period of modern times, the economic aggression of the great powers against China was mainly distributed in three stages: at the beginning of the national government's rule, imperialist investment in China increased sharply, and a large number of goods were dumped to China, 1932, which was the highest record in China's foreign trade history. During Japan's war of aggression against China, it plundered crazily in the occupied areas. During the War of Liberation, American goods monopolized the China market. Foreign powers invaded China's culture mainly through churches, schools, newspapers and books, through missionary work and charity, forced cultural transplantation, colonial slavery education, advocating that "China people came from the West" and fabricating "China's theory of social stagnation". Only relying on the invasion of foreign powers can we develop, and only relying on missionaries to spread the gospel can we save the souls of China people. Cultural aggression has the characteristics of strong concealment and far-reaching influence. Its main purpose is to vilify and dilute the national consciousness of the Chinese nation, mentally anesthetize the people of China, eliminate the anti-imperialist and patriotic thoughts of the people of China, and cooperate with political, economic and military aggression to consolidate and expand the vested interests in China. The invasion of China by foreign powers had many influences, among which China gradually became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, which was the greatest influence brought by the invasion of China by foreign powers. Other influences are produced in this social background and play a role through it. The specific analysis is as follows: First, China's sovereignty was completely destroyed and gradually became a semi-colony of the great powers. If the territorial integrity is destroyed, China will not be able to realize the complete reunification of the country for a long time; The loss of customs administrative power makes China in a position of being trampled upon by others in foreign trade, unable to protect national industry and commerce, unable to increase national income, and only conducive to foreign powers dumping goods and plundering raw materials; Allowing opium (drugs) to be imported and taxed only as commodities not only seriously violated China's trade sovereignty, but also aggravated the economic plunder of China by the great powers; The presence of special envoys in Beijing and China kept the central government under the surveillance of foreign forces and bayonets. Secondly, large-scale commodity dumping and capital export have gradually made China a commodity selling market and a raw material plundering place for foreign invaders, which is the fundamental reason for China's long-term backward social and economic development. For example, the huge reparations made China lose the opportunity of primitive accumulation of capital, and made the development of national capitalism lack the necessary funds, making it heavily dependent on foreign capitalism and domestic feudal forces. From 1842, when Britain extorted compensation from China through the treaty of nanking, the amount of compensation gradually increased in the subsequent treaties of Peking, treaty of shimonoseki and Xin Chou. By the end of 190 1, China's eight major foreign reparations amounted to195.3 billion silver dollars, which was equivalent to 16 times of the total fiscal revenue of the Qing government 190 1. With huge compensation, when the Qing government was unable to repay it, it had to borrow money from foreign banking groups and put up with its usury. When paying reparations, they must pay silver equivalent to gold coins (dollars, pounds). Gold rose, silver fell, and the powers gained more benefits from it. China was strangled in finance. However, the Qing government's financial burden became heavier and heavier, and its dependence on foreign capitalism became greater and greater. As a result, the people of China are getting poorer and poorer. In a word, the economic aggression of the great powers made modern China a backward country. Third, while the foreign powers invaded, they also introduced western science, technology, ideology and culture into China, which had an unprecedented impact on China's old system and old ideas and promoted the awakening of the Chinese nation. The economic aggression of the great powers also promoted the disintegration of the natural economy to some extent, created conditions for the development of national capitalism, and objectively promoted the process of China's modernization. Of course, the invasion of China by western powers only served as an unconscious tool of history, and its subjective motive was that it did not want China to become an independent modern country. Therefore, they tried their best to suppress the development of China's national capitalism and obstruct and destroy China's social progress. Compared with their negative influence on China society, their objective positive influence is undoubtedly in a secondary and subordinate position. Only by overthrowing the rule of imperialism and feudalism in China can the country embark on the road of prosperity. (