During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Huizhou belonged to Baiyue, and a small country called "Tielou" was once established.
During the Qin Dynasty, Qin Shihuang sent 500,000 troops south to attack Lingnan. In western Guangdong, due to the stubborn resistance of the Yue people, hundreds of thousands of troops of the Qin Dynasty were wiped out, which shows how powerful the Yue people in western Guangdong were at that time. At that time, the residents of the Yue nationality extended from southern Guangdong to Vietnam and Guangxi, and their influence was very strong. Therefore, with Dongjiang as the boundary, a large number of Vietnamese in the west were gradually assimilated into Han Chinese in the course of historical development, and when dozens of families moved from Nanxiong in northern Guangdong to the south, they were quickly assimilated into the rich South Vietnamese culture. To the east of Dongjiang River, Zhao Tuo's army has not received much resistance, and the influence of Han people is much greater. Coupled with the continuous supplement of the influence of the Han people in Jiangxi and Fujian, the Han people quickly assimilated the local Vietnamese. After the small country "Tielou" was destroyed, the residents were quickly assimilated by Chinese culture.
Dongjiang is the cradle of Hakka culture. Hundreds of thousands of Qin Jun stayed in Lingnan. Some of them are stationed in Huizhou, Heyuan, Shaoguan, Meizhou, Jieyang, Chaozhou and western Guangdong. Zhao Tuo of Longchuan, who was stationed in eastern Guangdong at that time, also applied to Qin Shihuang for 15,000 women to mend clothes for soldiers in the army, and then moved in continuously. Some of them have become Hakkas in Huizhou and other parts of Guangdong. After Qin unified China, Nanhai County was established in Lingnan in the thirty-third year of Qin Shihuang (2 14 BC), and Huizhou belonged to Luo Fu County of Nanhai County. In the first year of Emperor Gaozu (206 BC), Luo Fu County was a part of Nanyue State in Zhao Tuo.
In the sixth year of Ding Yuan in the Han Dynasty (1 1 1), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty unified Lingnan, and Luo Fu County was once again under the jurisdiction of Nanhai County. In the second year of Tian Jian, Liang Wudi in the Southern Dynasties (AD 503), Lianghua County was established, and Huizhou was subordinate to Xinle County. In the second year of Zhenming (AD 588), Huizhou was changed to Guishan County, Lianghua County, and the county was ruled under BaiHefeng, east of Qiaodong in this city.
From 874 to 898, the peasant war and Huang Chao Uprising in the late Tang Dynasty passed through Wan Li several times. The war spread over most of China, and the Han people in the Central Plains moved southward to Fujian, Jiangxi and Guangdong. Hundreds of thousands of Han people in the Central Plains left their hometown in the Central Plains, settled in Guangdong and developed Lingnan. There are more than 50,000 people living in Guishan County for generations, and the customs and habits are all Chinese. In the Tang Dynasty, the maritime traffic was developed, Guishan County was located in the coast, and the shipbuilding industry was prosperous. A large number of Hakka ancestors traveled across the ocean to trade or reclaim land for agricultural production in various parts of Nanyang, and often never returned for ten years, decades or a lifetime, becoming overseas Chinese.
By the year of112611,the Jin army entered the Central Plains, Bianzhou, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province), fell and the Northern Song Dynasty perished. After the Jin army occupied the vast area of the Central Plains, it hunted down the veterans and people of the Northern Song Dynasty like a tiger chasing sheep, and burned down cities and villages. A large number of Han people in the Central Plains were forced to flee and move south, and some settled in Huizhou mountainous areas and semi-mountainous areas.
1234, Mongolia destroyed gold. 127 1 year, Kublai Khan named the country Yuan Dynasty. 1275, the yuan army crossed the river south, and the southern song dynasty was on the verge of extinction, not only the Huaihe river, but also the Yangtze river. At this time, more than 200,000 Han Chinese flooded into eastern Guangdong, and some of them settled in Guiren, forming a county where Guiren was a relatively concentrated Hakka.
Sui Dynasty was a great leap in Huizhou history. In the 11th year of Emperor Yangdi's reign (AD 59 1 year), the Governor's Office was established. Since then, Huizhou has become the political, economic and cultural center of Dongjiang River Basin. In the second year of Zhenguan in the Tang Dynasty (AD 628), Emperor Taizong abolished the government and renamed it Zhou Xun. In the first year of Ganheng in Southern Han Dynasty (AD 9 17), Zhou Xun was changed to Zhou Zhen. In the fifth year of Tianxi in the Northern Song Dynasty (A.D. 102 1), Zhou Zhen was changed to Huizhou to avoid the taboo of Prince Zhao Zhen. Huizhou Road was located in the 16th year from Yuan Shizu to Yuan Dynasty (AD 1279). The first year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (AD 1368) was called Huizhou Prefecture. The Qing Dynasty was also called Huizhou Prefecture.
During the Republic of China, Huizhou was changed to Chaoshun Road, and Guishan County was changed to Huiyang County. During the war of liberation, it was successively set up as the Commissioner's Office of the Administrative Supervision District, the Administrative Supervision District and the Office of the appeasement Commissioner.
1949,65438+February, Huizhou established Dongjiang Commissioner's Office, 1956 established Huiyang Special Zone, 1958 Huidong County and Huizhou City (county-level city) separated from Huiyang County. During the period of 1959, Huizhou was once under the jurisdiction of Guangzhou, and it was under the jurisdiction of Foshan at the end of the year. 1On July 3, 963, Huiyang Special Zone was restored, covering Huiyang, Boluo, Baoan, Dongguan, Heyuan, Li Anping, Heping, Longchuan, Zijin, etc. 1 1 county. Longmen and Zengcheng are under the jurisdiction of Guangzhou. During the "Cultural Revolution", it was changed to Huiyang District Revolutionary Committee. 1980, restore Huiyang district administrative office. 1983 In September, Guangdong Province transferred Haifeng and Lufeng counties from Shantou area to Huiyang area.
1988 65438+ 10. With the approval of the State Council, Guangdong Province decided to cancel Huiyang District, and Huizhou City was upgraded to a prefecture-level city. The original Huizhou City was renamed Huicheng District. Huizhou has a long history and has always been a place where famous officials, scholars and writers gather. From the Jin Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, there were more than 480 historical figures who had great influence on Huizhou, including Ge Hong, Niu Sangru, Li Shangyin, Chen Yaozuo, Chen Wei, Su Shi, Tang Geng, Liu, Yang Wanli, Liu Kezhuang, Liu Zheng, Wen Tianxiang, Zhu Yunming, Chen Gongyin, Yi Bingshou, Song Xiang, Qiu and Liang Dingfen. Among them, Su Shi, a great writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, had the greatest influence on Huizhou.
Su Shi was demoted to Huizhou in the year of Shaoshengyuan in the Northern Song Dynasty (1094) and served as the deputy envoy of Ningyuan Army. He arrived in Huizhou with his concubine Wang Chaoyun and his third son Su Guo in 6543812. During the Hui period, he wrote 160 poems and dozens of essays, prefaces and postscripts. His poems praised the scenery of Huizhou and made Huizhou famous all over the world. As Jiang said, "If you go up, the world can't be smaller than Huizhou."
In the fourth year of Huizhou Chunyou (1244), Juxian Hall was built, and it was changed to Hufeng Academy after 10. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Huizhou's style of writing was more prosperous. Hufeng Academy is the highest institution of learning in Huizhou. Since its establishment, it has experienced many ups and downs, but "students gather together while others struggle to learn", which has trained many accomplished students and greatly promoted the cultural construction of Huizhou. It is one of the famous academies in Lingnan. According to government records, there were 53 scholars in Huizhou in Song Dynasty and 44 in Ming Dynasty. Since the Qing dynasty, Huizhou people and literature have risen greatly, and celebrities have emerged in large numbers, making great achievements in poetry, calligraphy and painting, epigraphy and so on.
From the Tang Dynasty to the modern 1000 years, more than 480 China celebrities stayed in Huizhou. Among them, Su Dongpo, a great writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, lived in Huizhou for three years, and Sun Yat-sen and Zhou Enlai also carried out revolutionary activities here. Liao, Deng, Ye Ting, and other Democrats and celebrities are all from Huizhou. Huizhou is also a famous hometown of overseas Chinese, with more than 800,000 overseas Chinese and compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan.
Huizhou is a Hakka area, and Huizhou people are Hakkas. For thousands of years, Huizhou people have spoken Hakka dialect. Most of the ancestors of Huizhou Hakkas came from the Yellow River valley in the Central Plains. Like Hakkas in other parts of the country, they were created by history and retained the spirit and cultural connotation of the ancient Central Plains. Hakka ancestors lived in Huizhou, and most of the places they went were mountainous areas with little war, inconvenient transportation and little contact with the outside world. They followed the social trends such as traditions, beliefs, ethics, language and customs inherent in the Central Plains, and retained the industrious and hard-working spirit of the Chinese nation brought by the Central Plains immigrants in the Tang and Song Dynasties, especially the food culture, which was recorded in history as "all Chinese flavor".