1, killing bacteria by physical means is called
A, disinfection method B, antibacterial method C, isolation method D, sterilization method E, aseptic technology
2. After wearing sterile clothes and sterile gloves, the sterile area that must be maintained should include both upper limbs.
A, the whole chest, abdomen and back b, the whole neck, chest, abdomen, back and shoulders
C, chest and back above waist D, chest and side chest above waist
E, chest and back above the waist
3. The scope of skin disinfection in the operating area should include the area around the incision.
A, 5cm b,10cm c,15cm d, 20cm e, 25cm.
4, transverse colostomy patients with fistula closure surgery, operation area skin disinfection wipe disinfectant order is
A, from the center of the operating area to the periphery, from the periphery of the operating area to the periphery of the fistula.
C, daub D from the upper direction to the lower direction of the operating area, and daub D from one side of the operating area to the other.
E, none of the above is true.
5. Disinfect the operating room after the operation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, and the correct treatment method is as follows
A, disinfect with 0. 1% bromogeramine solution.
B, operating room with 40% formaldehyde solution disinfection.
C, disinfecting with 0. 1% sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution.
D, air disinfection with lactic acid.
E, first use lactic acid air disinfection method, and then use 0. 1% bromogeramine solution to scrub indoor items.
6, sterilization method refers to
A, the sterilization method is antibacterial method B, kill bacteria by chemical method.
C, kill all bacteria by physical methods; d, kill bacteria by antibiotics.
E. ultraviolet sterilization.
7, the conditions required to kill spore bacteria should be
A, 100℃, 20min b, 100℃, 30min c, 125℃, 100 min d, 125℃, 20min e,/kloc-
8. Fumigating and disinfecting articles with formaldehyde steam, the time required is
A, 3 minutes b, 1 hour c, 3 hours d, 5 hours e, 12 hours
answer
1、D 2、D 3、C 4、B 5、E
6、C 7、E 8、E
Chapter II Humoral Disorders of Patients Undergoing Surgery
1, the change trend of blood potassium concentration in acidosis is
A, increase B, decrease C, keep D, first low and then high E, first high and then low.
2, the main reason of low permeability and water shortage is
A, a lot of sweating B, a lot of use of uric acid or furosemide.
C, diabetes insipidus D, acute intestinal obstruction
E, diffuse peritonitis
3. Which of the following is wrong about the regulation of vasopressin and aldosterone on water and sodium metabolism?
A, antidiuretic hormone secretion increased, urine volume decreased.
B, the secretion of antidiuretic hormone increased, and the osmotic pressure of extracellular fluid increased.
The role of aldosterone, sodium and potassium.
D, the change of plasma osmotic pressure causes the change of antidiuretic hormone secretion.
E, increased renin secretion can stimulate aldosterone secretion.
4. Which of the following is wrong about hypertonic water shortage?
A, moderate water shortage is 4% ~ 6% of body weight.
B, serum sodium is greater than150mmol/L.
C, patients usually have no thirst.
D, treated with 5% glucose solution or hypotonic saline.
E, correct water shortage, also need appropriate sodium supplement.
5. Which of the following is wrong about low permeability water shortage?
First, long-term gastrointestinal decompression or chronic intestinal obstruction is one of the main reasons.
B, it has little effect on circulating blood volume
C, urine specific gravity is often lower than 1.0 10.
D, serum sodium ion concentration is lower than 65438 0.35 mmol/L.
E, should be intravenous infusion of normal saline or hypertonic saline.
6. Which of the following is wrong about hypertonic water shortage?
A, insufficient water intake or excessive water loss is the main reason.
B, the secretion of antidiuretic hormone increased.
C, hypertonic water shortage patients do not lack sodium, do not need to supplement sodium.
Thirst is the main symptom.
E, don't input the calculated amount of water supplement at one time.
7. Which of the following is wrong about potassium supplementation?
A. Supplementing potassium by stages B. In case of severe potassium deficiency, potassium should be supplemented rapidly and in high concentration.
C, the concentration is not more than 3 grams of potassium chloride D per liter of solution, urine volume is more than 40 ml/hour, and then intravenous potassium supplementation.
E, potassium input should be controlled below 20 mmol/h.
8, hypokalemia in
A, lack of food for a long time b, continuous gastrointestinal decompression
C, alkalosis D, acute renal failure
E, a large number of glucose and insulin infusion
9, electrocardiogram as an auxiliary diagnostic means of hypokalemia, which of the following is meaningful?
A, QRS broadens B, PR interval lengthens C and U waves, and D, T, E and P waves are abnormal.
10, which of the following is not accurate about the cause of hyperkalemia?
A, acidosis B, massive blood transfusion C, extensive injury D, chronic renal failure E, intestinal flaccidity
1 1, patients with hyperkalemia have arrhythmia and should be applied first.
A, 5% sodium bicarbonate 100ml intravenous drip b, infusion of glucose solution and insulin.
C intravenous drip 1 1.2% sodium lactate 50ml, intravenous injection 10% gluconic acid 20ml.
E, cation exchange resin
12. Which of the following is not accurate about the causes of metabolic acidosis?
A, intestinal fistula B, reduced C, unchanged D, pyloric awakening resistance E, diarrhea
13, metabolic acidosis, the change trend of blood potassium concentration is generally
A, increase B, decrease C, constant D, irregular E, and gradually decrease after increasing.
14, metabolic alkalosis is more common.
A, pyloric obstruction B, intestinal obstruction C, intestinal fistula D, diarrhea E, respiratory tract obstruction
15. Which of the following is wrong about the treatment of metabolic acidosis?
A, to carry out etiological treatment B, for patients with severe acidosis, alkaline drugs should be used.
C, in the process of treatment, it is not necessary to supplement potassium D, and the HCO3- requirement calculated by alkali supplement formula should not be input at one time.
E, correct acidosis, should be appropriate calcium.
16. Which of the following is wrong about hypertonic water shortage?
A, obvious thirst; B, severe mania, hallucinations and delirium.
C, less urine, low urine specific gravity d, hematocrit can be increased.
E, serum sodium is higher than150mlo/l.
17. Which of the following is true about low permeability water shortage?
A, thirst, low urine output, high specific gravity B, thirst, low urine output, low specific gravity
C, not thirsty, less urine, high specific gravity D, not thirsty, less urine, low specific gravity
E, not thirsty, normal urine volume, no change in specific gravity.
18, a large number of physiological saline treatment of isotonic water shortage can lead to
A, blood sodium is too high B, blood potassium is too high C, blood chlorine is too high D, and blood calcium is too high.
E, no effect on serum electrolytes.
19, the ideal scheme for treating isotonic water shortage is
A, physiological saline B, balanced salt solution
C, 10% glucose solution d and 5% sodium bicarbonate solution
5% glucose salt solution
20, pyloric obstruction can lead to
A, low chlorine and low potassium acidosis B, low chlorine and low potassium alkalosis
C, low chlorine and high potassium acidosis D, low chlorine and high potassium alkalosis
E, low chlorine, normal potassium and acidosis
answer
1、A 2、B 3、B 4、C 5、B
6、C 7、B 8、D 9、C 10、C
1 1、D 12、D 13、A 14、A 15、C
16、C 17、D 18、C 19、B 20、B
Chapter III Blood Transfusion
1, the early manifestations of hemolysis are as follows
A, backache, precordial pressure B, local flushing, urticaria
C, Yasin vomiting D, chills and high fever, dyspnea
E, skin bleeding and ecchymosis
2. What is incorrect about the function of blood transfusion?
A, can supplement blood volume b, improve circulation.
C, promote wound healing D, input antibodies can kill bacteria.
E, improve blood coagulation function, help to stop bleeding.
3, the function of blood transfusion does not include
A, for bleeding patients to supplement blood volume, correct anemia.
C, improve blood coagulation function d, kill
E, improve plasma protein
4, not suitable for blood transfusion
A, massive hemorrhage B, severe anemia
C, unable to improve energy by eating D, disorder of coagulation mechanism
E. Adjuvant treatment of severe infection
5. When hemolytic reaction is found, which of the following is wrong?
A, slow down the speed of blood transfusion b, give 250ml intravenous drip of 5% sodium bicarbonate.
C, the application of mannitol D, plasma exchange therapy.
E, the application of glucocorticoid
6. Non-hemolytic fever reaction after blood transfusion mostly occurs after blood transfusion.
A, 30 minutes b, 1-2 hours c, 2-3 hours d, 3-4 hours e, 5 hours
7. The main reason of non-hemolytic fever reaction after blood transfusion is
A, pollution B, allergic reaction C, pyrogen D, allergic reaction E, infection
8, the simplest and fastest way to diagnose bacterial contamination reaction during blood transfusion is
A, blood bottle blood is used for direct smear B, and patient blood is used for bacterial culture.
C, therapeutic diagnosis of antibacterial drugs D, urine culture of patients
Blood bottle blood for bacterial culture.
9. The storage time of blood in the bank shall not exceed.
A, 3 days b, 1 week c, 3 weeks d, 4 weeks e, 5 weeks.
10, it was found that the most common complications during blood transfusion were surgical bleeding and hypotension.
A, anaphylactic shock B, septic shock C, bleeding tendency D, hemolytic reaction E, none of the above.
answer
1、A 2、D 3、D 4、C 5、A
6、B 7、C 8、A 9、C 10、D
Chapter IV Surgical Shock
1, the pathophysiological changes of metabolism during shock are mainly
A, cell energy metabolism is mainly anaerobic metabolism. B, liver lactic acid metabolism ability decreased, causing acidosis.
C, aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone secretion increased D, cell membrane dysfunction.
E, all of the above
2, the main purpose of shock treatment is
A, raise blood pressure B, restore blood volume
C, correct acidosis D, restore cardiac output
E, restore tissue blood perfusion.
3. The pathophysiological changes during the period of shock suppression mainly include
A, the anterior sphincter of arteriole capillary is relaxed, and the posterior venule of arteriole is in contraction state.
B, intracellular lysosomal membrane rupture, leading to cell autolysis.
C, adrenal medulla and sympathetic postganglionic fibers release a lot of catecholamine.
D, the cell energy source is mainly glycolysis.
E, there are tiny thrombosis in capillaries.
4. Which of the following has the least influence on central venous pressure?
A, blood volume b, venous vascular tension
C, pulmonary artery wedge pressure d, venous return blood volume
E, right ventricular blood discharge ability
5, the main cause of shock death is
A, dyspnea syndrome B, acute myocardial infarction
C, acute renal failure D, cerebral hernia
E, acute liver failure
6. In shock monitoring, which observation shows that the prognosis is extremely poor and even the mortality rate can reach 100%?
First, the central venous pressure is lower than 0.49 kPa, and the pulmonary wedge pressure is greater than 4.0kPa.
C, lactic acid concentration is more than 8 mmol/l d, arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure is higher than 5.33kPa.
E, platelet count is low (t8.0× 109/L).
7. Which of the following emergency rescue measures for shock patients is inappropriate?
A, the patient's posture adopts head and trunk elevation 15℃ ~ 20℃, and lower limbs elevation of 20℃ ~ 30℃.
B, try to control active bleeding, can use Hugh to overcome (pants, socks, etc. ).
C, keep the respiratory tract unobstructed, arrogant intubation or tracheotomy when necessary.
D, keep the patient earn, avoid moving too much.
E, intermittent oxygen, oxygen 6 ~ 8 l per minute.
8. A 37-year-old male patient, a miner, was buried at work due to the sudden collapse of the tunnel and was rescued six hours later. Physical examination: BP: 100/80mmhg, P: 100 times/minute, awake, pale, with obvious swelling of buttocks and thighs, and diagnosed as traumatic shock. For further observation,
A, blood pressure, pulse B, central venous pressure C, bleeding, infection D, urine volume, urine sodium E, consciousness, pupil
answer
1、E 2、E 3、A 4、C 5、A
6、C 7、A 8、A
Chapter V Multiple System Organ Insufficiency Syndrome
1, hyperkalemia in the treatment of acute renal failure, which of the following measures is incorrect?
A, it is forbidden to use drugs containing potassium B, dealing with infected necrotic tissue.
C, supplement calcium D, reduce energy supplement
Use drugs that promote the synthesis of protein.
2. The description of polyuria is correct.
A, the daily urine volume exceeds the normal urine volume, indicating that it has entered the polyuria period.
B, high potassium and infection are the main causes of death in this period.
C, entering the polyuria period does not mean that the condition has improved.
D, early polyuria, oliguria symptoms can continue to worsen.
E, polyuria urine volume increased, water electrolyte imbalance can be corrected.
3. Which laboratory tests of acute renal failure are incorrect?
A, urine specific gravity fixed at1.015 ~1.020b, blood potassium increased.
C, fecal sediment smear under the microscope can be seen granular cast D, serum creatinine increased.
E, urine sodium more than 40 mmol/L.
answer
1、D 2、D 3、A