Generally speaking, the wineries and vineyards on the left bank are large in scale, and the wines produced are rigorous and complicated. Basically, cabernet sauvignon is mixed with other varieties of red wine (except cabernet sauvignon, the main grape varieties are merlot, cabernet franc and petit vito, etc.) ) Compared with the left bank, the wineries on the right bank are usually smaller in scale, and there are more small wineries of country villa type, and the wines brewed are more gentle and elegant. Different from the gravel soil on the left bank, the soil on the right bank is mainly clay, followed by gravel. The poor drainage of clay is not conducive to the growth of Cabernet Sauvignon. Grape varieties are mainly Merlot, including mixed wine and single Merlot red wine.
The most famous producing area of Bordeaux is Medoc on the left bank, and the red wine produced in Medoc is mainly a blend of Cabernet Sauvignon. Medoc is divided into Upper Medoc (that is, the high-lying area in the south of Medoc) and Lower Medoc (the coastal lowland in the north, the word "summer" in Lower Medoc is not pleasant to hear, and the wines produced in this area are generally labeled as Medoc). It is famous in Upper Medoc, such as 6 1 1855 villages (divided into 1 ~ 5 grades) below Medoc, and there are many small village-level production areas, such as pauillac, Margaux, Saint-Zulian and Saint-Stephen. The five famous French villages that people usually refer to are the five first-class famous villages in Medoc District in 1855: latour, Lafite and Akbia are all located in pauillac village in Medoc, Margaux is located in Margaux village in Medoc, and Obiang is located in Paysac-Leoliang production area in Graf. Among the "Big Five", except for Mouton, which was upgraded from the second level to the first level in 1973, the other four are old-fashioned first-class famous villages since the promulgation of the classification system in 1855. Because there are thousands of wineries in Medoc, and the famous wineries in 1855 only include 60 wineries in this area, in 1932, the Intermediate Wineries Association was established in Medoc District, and 444 intermediate wineries were selected that year, that is, bourgeois intermediate wineries, also known as "star wineries" in China, to fill the intermediate wineries. In terms of wine quality, most of the wines of intermediate wineries still can't catch up with the level of famous wineries above. However, after years of development, the level of some wineries has been recognized as reaching the level of listed wineries, and the most representative one is Chasse-Spleen in Medoc.
Graf is the closest wine producing area to Bordeaux. The wine in this producing area has a strong earthy and mineral flavor and a unique personality. In the northernmost part of Graf producing area, near Bordeaux, there is a sub-producing area named Paysac-Leoni Ang, from which almost all Graf famous wines come. In addition to the famous Obiang, another famous monastery is La Mission Haut-Brion, known as "the wine emperor after the war". The beauty of monasteries was once a strong competitor of Obiang, but in 1983, the beauty of monasteries was acquired by the owner of Obiang, and the "war" came to an end. As far as wine quality is concerned, the beauty of monasteries is not necessarily worse than that of Obiang. It got full marks from R.P. (robert parker, the most influential wine critic in the world) many times more than Obiang! Paysac-Leorion's other fine wines include: Pape Clemente, Smith Senior lafitte, etc.
Say that finish the red wine on the left bank and turn to the right bank. In fact, there are many similarities between the St. Delong District on the right bank and the left bank: there is also a winery grading system, and the grape varieties are mainly mixed. However, its grading system is still different from Medoc. Grape varieties are mainly Merlot, followed by Cabernet Sauvignon, which is usually weak. Saint Delong's wineries are divided into four grades. The first-class winery is known as the top winery "A" (the Prime Minister's Crusade "A"), and there have always been only two: Baima and Ousong, which are also one of the "eight wineries" in Bordeaux; The second-class winery is called the top-class winery "B" (Premier or1ergrand cruclass "B"). After the ranking was updated in 2006, there were 13 * * wineries, among which Angelus and Bai Fei were the most famous, and Figyak and 2006 were worthy of the name, from 3. The third-class winery is called GRAND CRU CLASSE, which currently has 46 * * *. The famous ones are Cannon La folli and Monbousquet, which were upgraded in 2006. The fourth-class winery is simply called GRAND CRU, and there are hundreds of them.
Most of Pomeihou's wineries mainly plant Merlot, some wineries blend with Livzon, and some wineries produce pure Merlot with almost no Cabernet Sauvignon. Pomeihou is also the smallest of the four major wine producing areas, and there is no ranking system in the region. The annual output is very small, but it is a pearl shining on the right bank of Bordeaux. The most famous and expensive wines in Bordeaux are all produced here, including Petrus (the first of the eight famous wines), Le Pin, L'Eglise Clinet, Cui Hua, La Fleur Petrus, Le King Jill (L 'Evangele) and Laconseil. Teau Certan, the oldest winery in Pomeihou, etc.
Speaking of the right bank, we have to say that most of the famous "garage wineries" in Bordeaux are concentrated in Saint-Dameron, the most famous one is Valandraud (Valenzo), and there are also La Mondott, Tertre Roteboeuf, Clos Saint Martin and La Gomerie (belonging to the same family as B”Beau-Sejour Becot, another famous "Top B" in Saint-Dameron). Pomeihou also has many garage wines, such as: the originator of the most famous garage winery, and the prices mentioned above are comparable to Botus' music, La Clemence, Clos L'Eglise, La Croix St.Georges and so on. Garage wineries usually have high wine quality and high price, but due to their short history, they have not been recognized by the French agricultural department in the ranking. For example, the garage winery in St. Delong District is the most common level 4.
Finally, the most famous sweet white wine producing area in the world-Su Dai producing area was introduced. Su Dai District also has a grading system. First of all, there is only one super winery, namely the famous d'Yquem. Other famous first-class wineries include: Climens, Rieussec, Lafaurie Peyraguey, etc.
Really tired, it took me nearly 2 hours, just like writing a paper ~