Postgraduates with degrees, referred to as "masters" for short, are oriented by academic research, emphasize theory and research, and focus on cultivating high-level academic research talents engaged in teaching and scientific research. The way of study is generally full-time, and a few schools have part-time jobs. Postgraduates with professional degrees, referred to as "masters" for short, are oriented to vocational training, pay equal attention to practice and academics, and focus on cultivating high-level applied talents such as engineers, doctors and designers. Learning methods are divided into full-time and part-time.
First, historical development is different.
1978, China officially resumed enrolling graduate students. At that time, the master's degree was outstanding. Later, MBA, software engineering and other masters began to enter academic education. Since 2009, China began to recruit masters in academic education. It was small at first, but it developed rapidly. The enrollment index is increasing at the rate of 5% every year, while the proportion of master's degree is decreasing year by year. To 20 15, 50% master, 50% master.
In 20 17, China managed full-time and part-time graduate students as a whole, and the number of part-time masters in academic education surged. Since then, the learning form of postgraduate education in China has formed a good situation in which full-time masters, full-time masters and part-time masters coexist and develop harmoniously.
Second, the registration conditions are different.
For candidates who sign up for the national postgraduate entrance examination, they need to meet the basic conditions for applying for a master's degree or a postgraduate degree. Candidates applying for some special degrees, such as law (illegal studies) and law (law), must have the background of related disciplines in addition to the basic conditions; Business administration, public administration, etc. , but also need to meet the requirements of relevant work experience years (see the regulations on the enrollment management of national postgraduate students in that year).
Third, the subjects of the unified examination are different.
For candidates who take the national postgraduate entrance examination, the examination subjects are uniformly set by the enrollment unit and announced in the enrollment publicity stage. When the enrollment units set up examination subjects, they choose English I and Mathematics I as the master's unified examination subjects, and English II and Mathematics II as the master's unified examination subjects.
Fourth, the professional classification is different.
From the national master's enrollment catalogue in 2022, the master's degree covers (0 1) philosophy, (02) economics, (03) law, (04) education, (05) literature, (06) history, (07) science, (08) engineering, (09) agriculture and. (14) interdisciplinary disciplines *** 14, and the first-level disciplines and two disciplines (majors) with one or more research directions under them.
Master covers (025 1) finance, (0252) applied statistics, (0253) taxation, (0254) international business, (0255) insurance, (0256) asset appraisal, (0257) auditing, (035 1).
Fifth, the training objectives are different.
Master mainly trains academic research talents, and master mainly trains high-level applied talents.
Sixth, the training methods are different.
The master's course focuses on strengthening the study of basic theory and system professional knowledge, cultivating students' innovative spirit and ability, and making students have the ability and quality to engage in scientific research, teaching and management. The curriculum of professional master is oriented to practical application, aims at professional needs, and takes the improvement of comprehensive literacy and applied knowledge and ability as the core.
The teaching content emphasizes the organic combination of theory and application courses, highlighting case analysis and practical research; The teaching process attaches importance to the use of team learning, case analysis, field research and simulation training; Focus on cultivating students' awareness and ability to study practical problems. In the specific learning process, it is required to have at least half a year of practical links, and the proportion of practical credits is greater than that of academic degrees.
Seven, different ways of learning.
In general, Xueba's learning style is full-time, that is, candidates use working days and other time to complete the contents required by the training syllabus at school. The learning style of full-time masters is generally the same as that of masters; However, part-time masters generally use non-working days and other time to complete the content required by the training plan at school.
Eight, different school years.
There are different regulations for enrollment units of master's degree and special master's degree system. For details, please refer to the policies of various enrollment units in that year.
Nine, accommodation may be different.
Admissions units will generally specify the requirements for providing accommodation in the admissions brochure.
Ten, the tuition standard is different.
Admissions units will generally explain the tuition standard in the admissions brochure.
Eleven, the paper requirements are different.
Master's degree thesis emphasizes scientific theoretical research and academic innovation, and its form is relatively traditional, generally academic papers. Professional papers must strengthen the application orientation, and the forms can be varied. Some colleges and universities encourage the use of research reports, planning and design, product development, case analysis, project management, literary works and other forms.
Twelve, the tutorial system is different.
Master students generally implement the independent tutorial system. In terms of basic functions, graduate tutors provide graduate course teaching, project research guidance and dissertation guidance to students. In the content of guidance, the tutor of graduate students gives guidance to their graduate students during their study, and enters the thesis defense procedure according to the requirements of the school.
Special masters generally implement the dual tutorial system. According to the spirit of the relevant documents of the Ministry of Education, all professional degree postgraduate training units should establish and improve the dual tutorial system inside and outside the school, with the on-campus tutor as the main guidance and the off-campus tutor participating in the practice process, project research, curriculum and thesis guidance. In the process of training, the in-school tutors mainly impart theoretical knowledge and academic guidance, while the off-campus tutors mainly cultivate skills and guide practice.
Thirteen, different ways to read blogs.
Doctoral enrollment methods are generally divided into direct enrollment, master's and doctoral enrollment, and general enrollment. The enrollment targets of doctors should be implemented in accordance with the requirements of the enrollment brochures of all units.
Fourteen, the employment direction is different.
Both master and master can choose to continue their studies after graduation, but the ways they can take are slightly different (see the discussion above for details); You can also choose employment. When choosing employment fields, Master Xue focuses on academic research fields, such as universities and research institutes. The major focuses on practical application fields, such as enterprises. However, many recruiting units do not rigidly require candidates to be masters or masters, so it is necessary to be hard to strike while the iron is hot.
Although there are differences in students' academic qualifications, the enrollment process is the same, the training quality requirements are the same, and the gold content is the same. With the expansion of the national postgraduate enrollment scale and the adjustment of the national postgraduate training strategic layout, the national postgraduate enrollment scale began to be larger than the master's degree. Some enrollment units are even more enthusiastic about applying for master's degree, and the employment rate of master's degree is even higher than that of master's degree. Therefore, it doesn't matter which is better to be proficient or proficient. What candidates need to do is to recognize their professional interests and directions and make plans for the future.