However, our understanding of students' mental health and the present situation of education are worrying. At present, moral education in schools still follows the tradition of self-denial, indoctrination and discipline. Students are bound by too many dogmas or countless "should" in the process of growing up. "You should listen to the teacher and respect the teacher, even if the teacher's method is extreme, it is for your own good." "You must play 30 points in advance. In addition, in the teaching process, we have a long-standing disadvantage of attaching importance to cognition and neglecting emotion, such as "grading students according to their grades" and "not liking students with poor grades and even belittling their ideological personality", which leads to increasingly serious side effects such as students' weariness of learning, impaired physical and mental health, extreme personality development and one-sided personality development.
Teaching practice shows that the mental health and emotional adjustment of middle school students directly affect their learning effect and the cultivation of various abilities. The fact that teenagers' mental health has caused countless bloody cases also tells us that it is urgent to strengthen middle school students' mental health education. This paper tries to talk about some superficial practices and experiences from how to implement mental health education for senior high school students.
First, the psychological characteristics of high school students
Psychological research shows that high school students' psychology has the following characteristics: the frequency and intensity of happy emotions are not as high as those of unpleasant emotions, and they are in a typical period of trouble proliferation, and their emotions are obviously bipolar, excitable and unstable. In order to gain others' acceptance, they will deliberately hide their feelings and turn explicit behavior into depression, but they can't rule out their negative emotions. Persistent negative emotions will become the cause of unhappiness next time, so a vicious circle.
In terms of cognition, the cognitive ability of senior high school students is becoming more and more perfect, especially the thinking ability, which is the core part of cognition, is more mature, and the transition to rational thinking has basically been completed. Abstract logical thinking dominates, dialectical thinking has developed greatly, self-awareness is more and more obvious, perception ability is more prominent, and the desire for self-realization is stronger. But there is still one-sidedness and excitement in thinking, and there are often unreasonable beliefs. Similar situations, due to different cognitive results, different individuals will have different feelings and evaluations, showing the particularity of psychology and behavior.
Second, the ways and objectives of school psychological education
1, the way of school psychological education
In order to strengthen the mental health education in schools, the State Education Commission carried out a comprehensive reform on the textbooks of ideological and political courses from 65438 to 0998, and incorporated mental health education into the curriculum system of ideological and political courses in middle schools, offering junior high school students a course with mental health cultivation as the basic content, and carrying out systematic mental health education for students. However, due to the serious shortage of teachers engaged in psychological teaching in junior high schools, the course has not fully played its role, and because the ideological and political course in senior high schools is still composed of economy, philosophy and politics, which does not involve students' mental health, the ideological and political course at this stage is not the way to implement psychological education for senior high school students (of course, philosophy can cultivate students' world outlook).
In senior high school, it is not feasible to add mental health subject teaching because of the tight curriculum arrangement of students. Then, as a professional department of moral education for students, the school political department must shoulder the great responsibility of students' psychological teaching in high school teaching at this stage. The traditional moral education program implemented by the Political and Educational Affairs Office of senior high schools must be replaced by new topics.
The head teacher is the commander and organizer of class work, a member of the Political and Educational Affairs Department of the school, a guide for students' psychology, thought, study and life, and the most important executor of mental health education for middle school students under the existing conditions. It is an urgent task to improve the mental health education level of senior high school class teachers and improve students' personality.
Of course, as one of the subordinate institutions of the Political and Educational Affairs Department, the Security Department should also change from compulsory teaching in the past to psychological counseling teaching. If a qualified school can set up a psychological counseling room for students, it will certainly play an inestimable role in the formation of students' healthy psychology and the cultivation of sound personality.
2. The goal of students' mental health education.
The fundamental purpose of mental health education is to help students improve their psychological function, cultivate good psychological quality and shape a sound personality. Senior high school students' psychological teaching should help students understand the principles of psychological and emotional health, learn to distinguish between rational beliefs and irrational beliefs in the cognitive system, master the methods and strategies to refute them, and use these principles to help themselves and others in real life, so as to realize:
1. Solve the emotional and behavioral obstacles caused by psychological impulse, depression and depression, and strengthen the self-regulation ability of emotions.
2. Gradually establish a practical, reasonable and broad belief in life, treat society, treat yourself and treat others with a tolerant attitude and full emotions, and deepen the positive understanding of the meaning of life.
3. Exercise students' thinking ability, so that students can learn to think dialectically, comprehensively and objectively, adapt to society from cognition, emotion and behavior, and face life effectively.
Third, the methods of students' mental health education.
1, heart-to-heart method
The special psychological characteristics of senior high school students are that they don't accept stick education and don't like nagging persuasion education. What they need is friends, friends who can really talk to each other.
The class teacher (or subject teacher) must have a full understanding of the students, including their psychology, thoughts, life, study, even family and growth process, if he wants to enter the students' hearts through heart-to-heart talks and guide them correctly. He should consciously establish students' psychological files at ordinary times and master sufficient first-hand information. Imagine, a person who doesn't know himself, will you dump his mind?
Of course, in addition to mastering the students' information, the class teacher must have patience and love, and must pour full enthusiasm and sincere love into the students. Without sincere love, there is no successful education. Rooted in love is the magic weapon for educators to succeed. Empty and indifferent preaching can neither touch students' heartstrings nor arouse students' thoughts and emotions, so it can't play an educational role.
2. Classroom (mainly refers to organizing time) discussion method.
Organizing class activities once a week is a good opportunity to educate students on mental health. The head teacher can guide students to express their views on a certain problem (situation) and discuss it in order to get a correct understanding. Its advantages mainly include: first, it can fully mobilize the enthusiasm and initiative of students; Second, the head teacher can really grasp the basic situation of students' psychology according to their speeches on a certain issue, and make preparations for the construction of students' psychological files; Thirdly, students gain psychological experience and receive psychological education in the discussion of problem situations. How to discuss the recent case of beating the mother to death can discuss the common psychological chronic diseases of students in school life. Through discussion, students can find out the root causes of these diseases themselves, receive good psychological education and stimulate their determination to cultivate good psychological quality.
3, material guide method
A touching story and a touching article can shake people's hearts. Similarly, the mental health education of senior high school students can not be separated from the encouragement of advanced models and the role models of advanced figures. It can exert a subtle influence on students to read and accumulate materials that can correctly guide their thoughts and minds. Of course, negative materials that lead to bad results due to mental health can also play a warning role for students. For example, it is of great educational significance for students to organize students to read chicken soup for the soul and read the language in the first sentence of some magazines to inspire the soul or find out the disadvantages of the soul.
4. Subject teaching infiltration method
The main motivation of mental health education is to cultivate students' good psychological quality, eliminate students' bad emotions and cultivate positive emotions. The characteristics of mental health education make it closely related to subject education. In other words, mental health teaching can be integrated into the teaching of any subject, so that the psychological education function of subject teaching can be implemented. For example, in Chinese class, teachers can choose and organize students to discuss the psychological and emotional changes of people described in some articles, as well as some actions triggered by this psychology and so on. And can also undertake the knowledge of the article to explore the meaning of life and outlook on life (such as the teaching of the fifth volume "What is Man"). In addition, in the composition class, determine the theme composition about "will and quality", and emphatically ask students to describe their psychological experience. Political lessons should be guided by Marxist philosophical theory to cultivate students' good psychological quality. Through the multi-disciplinary combination, it can not only adjust students' psychology, strengthen the controllability of emotions, but also meet students' legitimate emotional needs, so that students are willing to learn, learn and learn.
Of course, it is far from enough to rely on a head teacher, several teachers, a political and educational department and a school for the mental health education of teenagers. Adolescent mental health education is a systematic project, which requires the joint efforts of schools, families and society to resist the erosion and spread of various social variation concepts and create a good and healthy educational environment. Of course, I hope more psychologists and educators will pay attention to this issue and further strengthen exploration and research, which is also the key for the majority of teenagers to get out of the psychological haze!