This paper introduces the technical characteristics of optical, mechanical and electrical integration, studies the technical status and development trend at home and abroad, and points out the future development prospect and some important technical hotspots.

Keywords: optical, mechanical and electrical integration technology trends

In recent years, the optical, mechanical and electrical integration technology has developed rapidly and has been widely used in civil industry and military fields. Therefore, the integration of optical, mechanical and electrical technology has become the general trend of technical development in machinery industry.

First, the technical characteristics of optical, mechanical and electrical integration

The optical, mechanical and electrical integration system is mainly composed of five parts: power supply, mechanism, actuator, computer and sensor, forming a fully functional flexible automation system. Among them, computer software, hardware and sensors are important components of optical, mechanical and electrical integration technology. Compared with traditional mechanical products, opto-mechanical integrated products have the following technical characteristics.

1, small size, light weight, strong adaptability and more convenient operation.

Optical-mechanical-electrical integration technology enables operators to get rid of the working mode that they have to operate according to the prescribed procedures or frequently perform monotonous and repetitive operations after holidays, and can flexibly and conveniently control and change the production operation procedures as needed. The action of any optical, mechanical and electrical integration device can be controlled step by step through a preset program, and even the operation can be fully automated and intelligent.

2, the function is increased, and the accuracy is greatly improved.

Optical-mechanical-electrical integration system includes automatic and intelligent mechanical equipment, instruments and components that integrate modern technologies such as laser and computer. The adoption of electronic technology makes the bag feeding control? The level is improved and the operation speed is accelerated. The electronic automatic control system can accurately act according to the preset actions, and its self-diagnosis, correction and compensation functions can reduce errors and achieve working accuracy that can not be achieved by purely mechanical means. At the same time, due to the reduction of mechanical transmission parts, the errors caused by mechanical wear and fit clearance are also greatly reduced.

3. Some hardware is software-based, and the degree of intelligence is improved.

Traditional mechanical equipment generally does not have self-maintenance or self-diagnosis function. Optical, mechanical and electrical integration technology enables electronic equipment to automatically control, automatically detect, collect and process information, adjust, correct, compensate, self-diagnose, automatically protect and automatically record, display and print work results according to people's intentions. Without changing the hardware part, the function of the product can be changed by changing the software contents such as programs and instructions, so that the determination and change trend of mechanical control function content is "software" and "intelligence"

4、? The reliability of the product is improved and the service life is prolonged.

The moving parts of traditional mechanical devices are generally accompanied by motion errors caused by wear and clearance of moving parts, which leads to increased motion friction, impact and vibration, and seriously affects the service life, stability and reliability of the device. The application of optical, mechanical and electrical integration technology reduces the number of moving parts of the device and greatly reduces the wear, such as the integrated proximity switch, even without moving parts and mechanical wear. Therefore, the service life of the equipment is prolonged, the failure rate is reduced, and the reliability and stability of the product are improved.

5、? The product system is enhanced, and the coordination requirements among all parts of the system are improved.

The integration of optics, mechanics and electronics is a subject of marginal science and technology. The integration of various technologies and the combination of multiple parts make the optical, mechanical and electrical integration technology and products more systematic, complete and scientific. Integration into a complete system has strict requirements for the mutual cooperation of various components, which requires various technologies to give full play to their respective advantages, foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, and improve the coordination of the system.

Second, the research status and development trend

1, research status

Since the reform and opening up in China, the field of science and technology has been catching up. China's optical, mechanical and electrical integration technology has made remarkable achievements, and CNC products have been greatly improved. In particular, the economic and sensitive numerical control device has developed rapidly, which is a unique economic and practical product in China. Not only meet the domestic market demand, but also some products are exported with the main engine. There are more and more domestic mechanical products using programmable controller (PC) and microelectronic technology control equipment, and the coverage is also expanding day by day, from textile machinery, bearing processing equipment, machine tools, injection molding machines to rubber tire molding machines, heavy machinery and light industrial machinery. The optical and mechanical equipment developed and produced in China has also made a major breakthrough in quality, laying a good foundation for its popularization and application in the future. 2. Development trend

Optical, mechanical and electrical integration technology has penetrated into various disciplines and fields, becoming a new discipline and gradually becoming an industry, and these industries have been paid more and more attention as new economic growth points. ? From the perspective of the development of science and technology in the world, the technical hotspots of optical, mechanical and electrical integration technology in the future mainly include.

(1) laser technology

1) high monochromaticity, which can greatly improve the measurement accuracy and range when using laser high monochromaticity for precise measurement.

2) High directivity, which can be used for long-distance laser communication, laser ranging, laser radar, laser navigation and remote control because it can transmit light energy and control instructions at a long distance.

3) High brightness, using the high brightness characteristics of laser, the medium brightness laser beam can generate high temperature of thousands to tens of thousands of degrees near the focus, so that the objects at the irradiation point can be melted or vaporized, and various materials and products can be specially processed.

4) Coherence, because the laser speed and frequency are single and the phase direction is the same. It is suitable for the development of laser communication, holography, laser printing and optical computer. In practical application, the characteristics of laser radiation will be changed through some laser technologies, and it has a wider application range.

(2) Sensing detection technology

1) laser collimation can be used to measure straightness, flatness, parallelism and verticality, and can also be used as a benchmark measurement in three-dimensional space.

2) Laser ranging has long detection distance, high ranging accuracy, strong anti-interference, small size and light weight, but it is greatly influenced by nature.

3) Optical fiber detector, which is the most commonly used in small target, limited interval or dangerous environment.

Others include laser drilling, slotting = marking, photochemical deposition and other processing technologies.

(3) Laser rapid prototyping technology

Laser rapid prototyping is to transform a complex three-dimensional object into a two-dimensional layer by computer, sinter thermoplastic powder or bond backing paper, build the surface (layer) of the part from points and lines, and then shape it layer by layer. Laser rapid prototyping technology can make new products put on the market as soon as possible, which greatly improves the adaptability of automobile manufacturers to the market and the competitiveness of products.

(4) Light energy driving technology

Optical exciters and optical robots can be made of light-induced deformable materials. At present, an optical driver has been successfully developed. Its working principle is that the light shines on the shape memory alloy, and the material expands and contracts repeatedly, and then the end of the material is adsorbed on the substrate by using the temperature characteristics of the temperature-sensitive magnet. Using the expansion and contraction of the material itself and the adsorption characteristics at the end, plus the light switch, the required action can be realized. Experiments show that the driver can walk on the top surface. This national goal is in its infancy. If we can find dynamic substances with excellent light action characteristics, we can make the light energy driving technology widely used.

3. Conclusion

Technical reform and corresponding technical support are the basis of innovative technology. There are different levels and flexible degrees of freedom in developing optical, mechanical and electrical integration products. When electronic technology is properly introduced into mechanical technology, the appearance of products and industries can change rapidly. Once the product realizes the integration of optics, mechanics and electronics, it will have a high level of function and added value, which will bring great social and economic benefits to the development producers and users.

refer to

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[2]? Liang. Research progress of low-light-level electromechanical system at home and abroad. Optical and Mechanical Information, 2000(8)

[3]? Wang Jiachun. Development and prospect of laser welding technology. Laser technology, 200 1(2)