Harbin, formerly known as Alekin, was called Harabin in the Qing Dynasty, with a history of only over one hundred years. However, the prosperity of its urban architecture and commercial trade is closely related to the arrival of a large number of Russian Jews, Poles and Belarusian nobles from more than a century ago to the first half of the 20th century. From 65438 to 0896, Russia obtained the permission to build a railway in China, and Harbin gradually became the center of Dong Qing railway. At the beginning of the 20th century, Russia, Britain, Japan and Czech Republic set up consulates general in Harbin, and Germany, France and Italy set up consulates, which made Harbin rapidly develop into a unique international metropolis in the next 50 years. The gathering of immigrants from many countries has brought cultural diversity. In Europe, Russia, Korea, Japan and other civilizations, they blended, blended and collided with the local culture of Northeast China (frontier culture created by local ethnic minorities in Heilongjiang Province, Shanhaiguan immigrants, and exiled mainland intellectuals in Ming and Qing Dynasties); In such a complicated, mixed and rich crystallization and fruit of Northeast culture harvested a century later, Russian culture has always presented a clear and distinct vein with it, which has transplanted and imported strong fresh blood from the Slavic nation for China, an ancient mother. Qipao originated from Manchu costumes. However, with the Manchu's entry into the customs and the final abdication of the Qing royal family 300 years later, as the birthplace of Qipao in Northeast China, especially Harbin, Qipao gradually withdrew from daily life and became the dress of women in some social and auspicious occasions. From the 1960s and 1970s, when China and the Soviet Union were at odds, to the 1980s, until the 20th century, citizens' dress style and aesthetic taste absorbed some features of Russian clothing more and more skillfully. From men's woolen coats, boat-shaped leather hats and high-waisted boots, men's small-necked shirts, to women's colorful dresses in summer, big scarves and shawls in autumn and winter, including the method of wearing headscarves and the hairstyle of curling forehead, we can see the subtle infiltration of Russian clothing culture in many nuances. In a snowy winter, on the street at dusk, a middle-aged man wearing a Russian wide-brimmed hat came from the steps of sweeping snow. White snow fell on his black woolen coat, his nose was red with cold, and he still smelled of alcohol. Or in summer, a green wooden fence door is in full bloom, the ripe fruit on the cherry tree falls on the grass, and the clothesline in the yard is covered with white sheets, dancing gently in the wind ... In this case, you will doubt that you have entered a scene in a Russian novel.
No matter how strong the Russian complex is in the Northeast culture, no matter how much cultural illusion beer, liquor and bread give us, the Northeasters are still the products of China, seemingly mixed-race, but they still take farming civilization and Confucian culture as their spiritual pillars in their bones. When the rich milk of Russian literature is injected into this black land, the black land will not change color easily. As a spiritual boundary, religion has opened the fundamental cultural differences between nations. Orthodox Christianity, Christian churches and Christian culture, which are believed by a large number of Christians in Harbin, have never fundamentally changed the personality characteristics and cultural attributes of the northeast immigrant groups. Russian complex is only reflected in people's daily life style, which is material and emotional, and has never really entered the ideological and spiritual field of Zhaodong Chinese painting: Zhaodong Chinese painting has risen in the domestic painting world with its group advantages, attracting people's attention with its rich life breath and distinctive local characteristics. Since the mid-1980s, Zhaodong has exhibited more than 300 Chinese paintings in more than ten cities in China, such as Beijing, Zhengzhou and Luoyang, as well as in Singapore, the United States, Japan, the former Soviet Union, Germany, Britain, France, Canada, Hong Kong, Taiwan Province Province, Macau and other countries and regions, as well as in galleries such as Rong Baozhai, Yanshan Calligraphy and Painting Club and Wenbaozhai, and won many awards in provincial and national exhibitions, exceeding/kloc.
Helen's paper-cutting: Helen's paper-cutting has high artistic achievements. Fu Zuoren, a leading paper-cut figure, created 18 large-scale paper-cut Dongfanghong, which was exhibited in Beijing. Among them, three works, such as Sunflower in the Sunlight, were presented by Premier Zhou Enlai to Tiexi Wang Man and East China Sea Fleet. Beilin Kite: Beilin Kite Group was established in the early 1990s. From 1990 to 1995, eight teams participated in the Beijing International Kite Competition and the Shandong Weifang International Kite Competition for five consecutive years, and won two first prizes, two second prizes, seven third prizes and eight team prizes. He has twice represented Heilongjiang Province in the National Farmers' Games and won the first place in the kite competition group. From 1990 to 1995, the kites in Beilin flew higher and higher, the team expanded and the patterns were constantly refurbished. Every Spring Festival, there will be a large number of kite lovers chasing the wind in the suburbs, attracting many tourists to stop and watch.
Qing 'an Prints: Qing 'an Prints originated from the Northern Wilderness Prints created by demobilized officers and men of the People's Liberation Army in the late 1950s. Qing 'an printmaking followed the printmaking style of the Great Northern Wilderness in its early days. However, most Qing 'an printmakers live in the countryside, and they explore a new world of artistic creation in the humble farmyard. The fresh pastoral life and the warm artistic conception of the farm yard have become the themes of their works. Irregular composition, not limited by time, expanding imagination space, expanding color samples, setting off the main board and other artistic treatments are pleasing to the eye and full of aesthetic feeling, forming a unique artistic style of Qing' an prints.
Suiling peasant painting: Suiling peasant painting has a history of more than 30 years since it was born in the 1970s. With its unique artistic temperament, aesthetic concept and expression form, it has been praised by the domestic media as "another peasant painting county after Huxian" (China Farmer's Daily 198 1). China Farmer's Daily, Heilongjiang Daily, Heilongjiang Rural Daily, Learning Theory, Struggle, Beijing Evening News and chinese comic successively published Suiling farmer's paintings with articles attached. Therefore, Suiling County was named as the national "hometown of folk art".
Wangkui Shadow Play: Wangkui Shadow Play has a long history. Wangkui was introduced in Tongzhi period of Qing Dynasty. After a hundred years of hard work, it is the fourth generation from Cui Chunfang, Guan Hangjiu, Zhang Xuewen to Gu Baozhen. Their shadow play "Three Invitations to Fan Lihua" and "Dream of the Red Moon" were recorded live by provincial radio and television stations for many times, and "Three Invitations to Fan Lihua" was also broadcast on CCTV. Gu Baozhen, known as a flower in shadow play, was once made into a feature film by Heilongjiang TV station and played repeatedly. Zhang Jiachun, a painter from Wangkui County, showed China's traditional shadow play art through painting, created shadow play painting, and embedded its artistic effect on paper silk under landscape lights, which fully demonstrated the value and charming charm of Chinese shadow play art and was exhibited in our province and the United States on the other side of the ocean.
Mingshui seal cutting: seal cutting has a long history, famous artists come forth in large numbers, and accumulated rich cultural heritage. It is a wonderful flower in ancient China culture. Seal cutting in Mingshui County rose in the mid-1970s. Before, there were only some craftsmen engaged in clock carving technology. After 1976, with the guidance and support of the county party committee, the county government and relevant departments, Mingshui seal cutting has been fully developed, and a number of famous seal cutting talents have been gradually cultivated, forming a vigorous, ingenious and unrestrained artistic style. The representative figure of Mingshui seal cutting is Kang Ping.
Lanxi Lianqian: Lanxi Lianqian is unique in the whole city, the whole province and even the whole country. Since the early 1990s, the artistic creation of hanging signs has never stopped, the creative team has been expanding, the creative content has been enriched, and the creative methods have been innovated, forming a creative group of more than 500 people and a four-in-one creative network of counties, townships, villages and villages. Nearly 1,000 pieces of money-hanging works created by them have successively held large-scale special exhibitions in Harbin, Beijing, Dalian, Xi and Hangzhou, and participated in the first China Folk Art Festival, the folk arts and crafts exhibition, the China Folk Culture and Art Exhibition, and the folk image exhibition grand prix organized by the People's Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood on behalf of Heilongjiang Province for four times. , and was made into a feature film "Lanxi Hanging Money". It has been broadcast on Hong Kong TV, CCTV, Tianjin TV and Heilongjiang TV for many times. More than 65,438+070 works have been collected by the state, and some of them have been exhibited in Japan, the United States, South Korea, Singapore, Hongkong and Taiwan Province Province. 120 More than 400 works edited and published by more than 20 authors are distributed all over the country, and 46 papers by more than 30 authors are published or exchanged in relevant national journals and academic exchanges. Lanxi Guaqian created "five firsts" in China, namely the first special exhibition of Guaqian, the first overseas exhibition of Guaqian and the first publication of Daguqian (5.20m× 2.90m). Sun, the leader of the research group, was recognized by the state as the first person to study hexagrams in China. The Atlas of Hanging Money in China, edited and published by him, is the first monograph on the art of hanging money in China cultural treasure house. Lanxi Guaqian Creative Group has been awarded the honorary title of "Excellent Creative Group" by the state, province and city for many times, and has been rated as "the hometown of national folk art".