② Sculpture materials are more widely used. Bronze, gold, silver, lead, pottery, jade, stone, tooth, bone, wood and other different materials do their best, and there is a trend of comprehensive application. There are also new developments in the manufacturing technology of various materials, such as the development of bronze casting and welding technology, the application of lost wax method, and the popularization of mosaic technology such as wrong gold and wrong silver, which make the production of works more ingenious and aesthetic. Therefore, the pursuit of complexity and beauty became the dominant aesthetic tendency in this period, especially in the sculptures of bronze, jade and lacquered wood. The sculpture of this period has not yet stood out from the arts and crafts, so it still retains a strong decorative effect.
(3) There are mainly dolls and humanoid brackets, brackets and small ornaments as ornaments. Puppets, also known as Ren Xiang and Ren Xiang, are made of bronze, pottery, wood and other different materials, mainly figurines. In the late Spring and Autumn Period, figurines appeared everywhere. There are six groups of pottery figurines in the Eastern Zhou Martyrs' Tomb at Langjiazhuang 1 in Shandong Province. Most of the female figurines are dancing, with their faces cut into inclined planes, eyes and eyebrows marked with black, full breasts, dresses dragged on the ground and painted with red, yellow, black and brown stripes. The male figurines are wearing shawls and holding things in their hands. Due to the extremely low firing temperature, most of them have been destroyed. Among the pottery figurines unearthed from tombs in the early Warring States period in Changzhi Valley, Shanxi Province, the dancing figurines are simple in shape and vivid in posture. Painted wooden figurines mostly come from Chu tombs in the Warring States period, and they have different identities such as servants, chefs and geisha music. There are 30 pieces of civil figurines from Chu Tomb No.406 in Changsha, Hunan Province, which are different between men and women. Generally, after carving the figure and facial features, it is painted with white powder, ink and vermilion, such as eyebrows, beards, crowns, belts, lapels, sleeves and pendants. Hand, foot and sword are made and assembled separately. Chu wooden figurines unearthed in other places, some carved out wide robe sleeves; Some people wear silk wigs (or real hair) and silk clothes after carving the five senses on their heads, but they don't pay much attention to the personality characteristics of the characters. Silver figurines, wearing narrow sleeves, short robes, laces and twines, were also unearthed from the Eastern Zhou Tomb in Jincun, Luoyang, Henan. Some people think it is the image of a conference semifinal, with a high level of modeling. In addition, there is the performance of pottery figurines and active environment. For example, there are six naked men and women playing musical instruments in the bronze geisha bronze room of Potang Tomb in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province. A pillar is erected on the copper roof, and a big bird is cast on the stigma, which may be related to the totem belief or religious custom of the ancient Vietnamese. 1, Gaul who committed suicide
The kingdom of Belga Ma in Asia Minor was one of the important art centers in the Hellenistic period. During 24 1- 197 BC, the fierce attack of Gaul was repelled. For this reason, the Kingdom of Belga established the Acropolis and set up a group of monuments and sculptures in the square. Suicide Gaul is one of the works. The work shows the defeated Gaul leader, humiliated in order not to be captured by the enemy, bravely and firmly killed his beloved wife and then committed suicide. This is a shocking tragic statue. Sculptors deliberately depicted the tense moments when they committed suicide. Group sculpture uses many contrast methods to create images, such as standing and hanging, life and death, movement and stillness, leaning and tilting, vertical and lateral rotation, which constitutes a three-dimensional and four-sided combined sculpture form and has become a model of square sculpture in later generations.
2. Apollo statue
Early Greek statues have traces of imitating Egyptian sculptures, which still exist in ancient times, but sculptors have begun to explore the structure and proportion of the human body with their own eyes and create realistic, natural and energetic artistic images. Most of the ancient men's statues were carved by tombstones, some by themselves and some for the dead. They are generally called Apollo statues, which is caused by the similarity between gods and people in ancient Greece. Young men stand naked and take a standing posture. This young man's statue of Apollo still has Egyptian modeling procedures, but his bow and gestures have become more vivid. He bowed his head and stretched out his arm forward, as if to connect objects. It can be seen that the character form has taken a step from upright and rigid to life-oriented activities.
3. Teenagers with geese in their arms
This work was created by Bo Ados, a sculptor from Huck Eaton, Greece. The original was bronze, and what remains today is a replica of Rome. Boardos was good at customizing sculptures and became an artist who was famous for carving children's images at that time. Bo Ados lived in the 3rd century BC, which was the era of the development of Hellenistic custom sculpture, which touched almost every aspect of life and expressed the most universal human nature from the supernatural divinity. Pay special attention to truly shaping characters and paying attention to people's inner spiritual expression. From this innocent and lively child holding a live goose, we can see the sculptor's understanding of life and people. This is a group of lifelike statues of children's life. The carving skill is perfect and superb.
4. The Statue of Liberty (Author: bartholdi)
Although many people in the world don't like America, we have to say that this symbol of America is one of the world-famous statues. The choice of this bronze statue is based on the beautiful image of the goddess in Greek mythology. The goddess wears a hair band, holds the torch in her right hand and holds the declaration of independence in her left hand. Her face is dignified and kind. The Statue of Liberty is 46.5 meters high and its pedestal is 93 meters high. The Statue of Liberty is made of 2.4 cm thick copper plate. At the bottom of the pedestal is a museum. Visitors can enter the bronze statue to the top of the goddess's head, where more than 30 people can be accommodated and the panoramic view of new york can be overlooked through the glass window.
5, "Thinker" (Author: Rodin)
It was originally part of the sculpture of Hell's Gate, and later it was turned into a bronze statue. The Gate of Hell is based on Dante's Divine Comedy, and the thinker is Rodin's image as a symbol of Dante. A powerful giant sat with his knees bent, his right hand resting on his chin and his mouth biting his hand. He silently watched the suffering people who were swallowed up by the flood below. She loves mankind so much that it is difficult to make a final judgment on those sinners. He expressed deep sympathy and was immersed in great pain and eternal meditation.
6. Statue of the Menkoala couple
Glittering green clay rock sculpture, about 142 cm high, was created around 2600 BC and is now collected in Boston Museum. This is the double statue of the fourth dynasty in the ancient Egyptian kingdom, and it is also the most typical representative of the emperor statue at that time. The statue depicts the fifth Pharaoh koala and his princess in the fourth dynasty of the ancient Egyptian kingdom.
7. Statue of Athena
Athena is the patron saint and goddess of wisdom of Athens. Originally used as the main statue of the Parthenon, it was 13 meters high, carved with silvery white marble, partly inlaid with ivory and gold, but unfortunately it was destroyed by the Byzantine Empire. Here is a small marble replica. In this statue of the goddess, she wears a battle helmet and a Greek dress, and her chest protector and armor are decorated with snake-shaped ruffles and heads. Her bare arms, through the thin skirt, can see the plump and strong body; The pleat and decoration of the dress make the density of horizontal and vertical lines change beautifully; Her gestures may be holding spears and objects, and the whole image is full of femininity and life breath, more of humanity and lacking divinity, which shows that art has moved towards secularization during the Hellenistic period.
8. Venus Aphrodite of Milos, commonly known as Venus of Milos, Venus with broken arm, Venus statue, etc. , is a marble statue with a height of 204 cm. Alexandros was founded in about 150 BC, and now it is located in the Louvre in Paris. From the first day when the statue was discovered, it was recognized as the most beautiful Greek female statue to date. This statue is also a treasure of the three city halls of the Louvre.
9, David (Author: Michelangelo)
Marble statue, with a height of 2.5 meters and a base of 5.5 meters, was created by Michelangelo in A.D. 150 1- 1504, and is now in the collection of Florence Academy of Fine Arts. This statue is regarded as one of the most boastful male human statues in the history of western art, and more importantly, David is the concrete embodiment of Renaissance humanism. On the surface, it is the "revival" of ancient Greek art, but in essence, people are freed from the shackles of the dark Middle Ages and fully realize the great power of people to transform the world. Michelangelo injected great enthusiasm into the carving process, creating not only a statue, but also a symbol of artistic expression of the ideological emancipation movement. As the highest realm of sculpture works of an era, David always radiates endless brilliance in the history of art.
10, discus thrower (Author: Miron)
About 152 cm high. It is collected by the National Museum of Rome, the Vatican Museum and the SOMA Museum. It was originally used as bronze, and Miron made it around 450 BC. The original has been lost, and now it is a copy. The statue selects the instantaneous action of the athlete in the process of throwing the discus, which is a temporary constant state in a series of instantaneous and ever-changing actions before the discus is released. The athlete holds the discus in his right hand and puts it at the highest point. His whole body's center of gravity falls on his right foot, his left toe touches the ground, and his knee bends into an obtuse angle, which makes the whole body feel a kind of nervous explosiveness and elasticity. The physical modeling is tense, but it gives people a calm and steady impression in the overall structural treatment and the expression of the head, which is exactly what the classical style pursues.