The essence of war

This is an armed struggle between opposing sides to achieve certain political and economic goals. The war in class society is the highest form of struggle to solve the contradictions between classes, between nations and between countries and political groups. It is to continue politics through violent means, and it is bloody politics.

everybody

desire peace

[Edit this paragraph] The cause of the war.

Before World War II (including World War II), the war was caused by the unbalanced economic and political development of the participating countries. After the war, until now, it is mostly caused by the intensification of multipolarization and unipolar contradictions, but the war caused by the sublimation of religious and cultural conflicts will be the main reason (such as the Palestinian-Israeli conflict)!

[Edit this paragraph] The origin of the war

There was a war in the late primitive society. According to archaeological data, the earliest war appeared in the early Middle Stone Age. This shows that from primitive people to the present, in the long history of about two or three million years, the history of war is less than 10 thousand years (in other words, tens of thousands of years) The war in primitive society is a conflict between clans and tribes or tribal alliances in order to compete for natural wealth such as land, rivers, mountains and rivers, and even revenge between blood clans, which later evolved into primitive wars. This kind of war is essentially different from the war in class society. It has no political purpose and the nature of class oppression and slavery. Prisoners of war were either killed or eaten. Later, with the development of productivity and animal husbandry, patriarchy took the place of matriarchal system, agriculture, handicrafts and commodity production were developed, there were surplus products, private property appeared, masters and slaves appeared, and private ownership and class sprouted, so that "the war between ancient tribes began to degenerate into continuous plunder of livestock, slaves and treasures on land and at sea, becoming a normal business". (The Military Anthology of Karl Marx and Engels, Volume II, page 4 13) The increasingly frequent wars have driven the primitive commune system to disintegrate, and mankind has entered a slave society. Since then, war has become a political tool and the highest means of class struggle. Private ownership, class oppression and the conflict of economic interests have become the basic roots of war. The wars of plunder and anti-plunder, oppression and anti-oppression, aggression and anti-aggression, hegemony and anti-hegemony, expansion and anti-expansion have become unique and inevitable phenomena in class society. By the 1980s, there were 1453 1 times of recorded wars in the world for more than 3,500 years. Imperialism and hegemonism are the roots of modern wars. At present and in the future, there are various factors leading to war, among which the main ones are fighting for spheres of influence, territorial disputes, border disputes, plundering strategic resources, fighting for markets, ideological struggles, religious contradictions and ethnic contradictions. These factors are the direct causes of modern wars.

[Edit this paragraph] Classification of wars

War is divided into just war and unjust war, which is determined by the political purpose of war. Just war includes: slave peasant uprising, peasant revolutionary war, class liberation war, national liberation war, anti-aggression war, self-defense war and so on. A just war is for the benefit of the people, which greatly promotes social development and is the locomotive of historical development. On the contrary, unjust wars include: hegemonic wars, counter-revolutionary wars, colonial wars, imperialist wars, wars of aggression and so on. They serve the interests of the exploiting class and the politics of the reactionary class, run counter to the fundamental interests of the people and the development direction of society, and are wars that push the people to disaster. For example, Japan's war of aggression against China, from the "September 18th Incident" to Japan's surrender, caused great disasters to the people of China for as long as 14 years. The total number of military and civilian casualties in China is more than 35 million, the official property loss and war consumption in China are more than $ KLOC-0/00 billion, and the indirect economic loss is $500 billion. Supporting a just war and opposing an unjust war is our fundamental attitude towards war.

Future wars will be dominated by local wars, but the danger of world war has not been eliminated. The war style will still be dominated by conventional warfare, but the possibility of using nuclear weapons is not ruled out. The general trend of war is to develop towards high technology. With the continuous emergence of high-tech weapons, there will be new arms and services, and there may be "celestial warfare" of "celestial forces" and "deep-sea or submarine warfare of" deep-sea combat forces "; "Robots are equipped with troops", and intelligent robots will participate in the war; Electronic warfare and information warfare will show their talents; The competition between visible light countermeasure and infrared countermeasure is fierce. This development trend will change the traditional ways and methods of war; The suddenness, destructiveness, cruelty, lethality and war consumption of war will increase unprecedentedly; The dependence of war on comprehensive national strength has increased, and the task of war support has become more arduous; Operational command, operational coordination and communication support will be more complicated and arduous. All these strongly demand the creation of new war theories, strategies and tactics. High-tech war puts forward higher requirements for people's military, political, cultural quality, scientific knowledge and command ability. People who are proficient in modern scientific knowledge and technology will be the decisive factor to control the victory of high-tech war.

The world war may stop, but the danger has not been eliminated. A new world war can be postponed or stopped as long as the people of the world work together to develop peaceful forces and limit wars. War is bound to die. Only when Qi Xin, the people all over the world, works together to realize capitalism can the root cause of war be completely eliminated, the war will die out and mankind will enter the paradise of permanent peace.

China's ancient books called war struggle, war, conquest, conquest and soldiers. The word "war" has been used in the Warring States period's art book Woods. There are different views on war and its causes in history. Naturalist war scholars believe that the root of war lies in the natural environment and human biological nature, and war is a natural and eternal phenomenon. Religious war disputants believe that war is God's punishment for people, and use supernatural power to explain the causes of war. Racists believe that the cause of war is the difference between superior and inferior nations. Modern geopolitical scholars believe that war is based on geographical environment, that is, it is triggered by the struggle for certain living space and natural resources. Malthusians believe that overpopulation and hunger are the real causes of war. Historical materialism holds that war has never happened and is not eternal. War is the product of the development of social productive forces and relations of production to a certain stage, and it only appeared after the emergence of private ownership, the formation of classes and countries, and the emergence of oppression and oppression. There are various types of wars in history, including wars of aggression and wars of self-defense; Just wars and unjust wars, including traditional wars and modern wars; Local wars and world wars and other types of wars.

The root causes of war are political, economic, social and cultural factors. There are also many ways to describe the state of war, and modern countries mainly describe war from the perspective of law. People think that war is a special legal relationship between belligerents. This state of war usually goes through certain legal procedures and is accompanied by a series of legal consequences. The state of war is a legal state, which is often a declaration of war by two warring parties or one side, but there is not necessarily an actual war conflict between them. A state of war is usually declared by the highest organ of state power. Once the belligerents entered a state of war, the relationship between them changed from peace to war, and the laws of war began to apply. The description of war can be discussed not only from the legal point of view, but also from the military and political point of view.

Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in the United States in World War II, and then the United States declared war on Japan.

Today, mankind is in the era of new technological revolution. The rapid development of science and technology and the deepening and expansion of global social exchanges have had a great impact on the occurrence and development of war. It not only makes the war transition from the traditional cold weapon war to the hot weapon war, but also expands the influence of the war from local to global. Correspondingly, the peaceful forces and technical means to stop the war are constantly developing, and the war is also developing from purely military to political, economic and technological.

In the long river of human history, wars have always spread, forming a unique chapter in human history. According to statistics, in the more than 5000 years since the emergence of civilization on earth, mankind has waged more than 15000 wars, and billions of people have lost their lives in the wars. In these 5000 years, human beings have lived in a peaceful environment for 500 years. In other words, every 100 years, human beings live in a state of war for at least 90 years.

Since 1990s, there have been more than 100 wars in the world, and more than 90 countries have been involved in these wars. ...

A typical example of the first generation of war-Caesar's two expeditions to Britain. It is characterized by using cold weapons such as knives, arrows and spears and heavy armor for melee.

A typical example of the second generation war-Napoleonic War. It is characterized by entering the era of firearms, and gunpowder and sliding chamber devices are put into war.

Typical third-generation wars-two world wars. It is characterized by the use of tanks, planes, warships and modern means of transportation.

A typical example of the fourth generation war-the United States dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan, which was characterized by the devastating consequences of collapse and burning.

A prospective study of the new world war

Liu Zhou, a young scholar, put forward a forward-looking prediction about world unification and the third world war in his article "Prophecy about the future of mankind". The prediction is as follows:

Prophecy about the future of mankind

(1) World solidarity is the future and rebirth of mankind. If mankind does not perish, it will move towards a new life.

(2) With the advent of economic globalization, the unification of the world has changed from a vague prospect to an increasingly clear close-up and irreversible historical trend.

(3) Whether and when the world can be unified depends on the contradictions in the era of economic globalization and the development of these contradictions.

(D) the main contradiction in the era of economic globalization:

With the deepening of economic globalization, the internationalization trend of economic activities has been strengthened, and the mutual influence, interdependence and interconnection of countries in economic activities have become increasingly close. Therefore, the coordination among countries in economic activities is becoming more and more important and urgent. In other words, under the condition of economic globalization, economic development needs coordination between countries more and more.

On the other hand, with the deepening of economic globalization, the market is becoming more and more global, so the competition is becoming more and more global. The globalization of competition inevitably intensifies and deepens the contradictions among capital countries. Because of the deepening and intensification of contradictions, the foundation of mutual coordination among countries is getting weaker and weaker. Therefore, in form, some countries sometimes strengthen coordination because of forming some kind of alliance, but the essence of this coordination is just that alliance countries use the coordination between alliances to fight against countries outside the alliance. Therefore, for global coordination, this kind of local coordination increase is not the performance of global coordination increase, but the performance of global coordination decrease. Strengthening the role of some regional national organizations (such as NATO, EU, ASEAN, etc.). ) It is accompanied by the weakening of the role of the United Nations (a global organization), which is the best annotation of the deterioration of global coordination in the era of economic globalization. Therefore, on the one hand, the economic development in the era of economic globalization increasingly requires global coordination, on the other hand, the economic activities of countries around the world are increasingly uncoordinated. This is the main basis for the emergence and development of various contradictions in the era of economic globalization.

Specifically, the main contradictions in the era of economic globalization are as follows:

A contradiction in developed countries

(5) Most developed countries use relatively perfect social welfare and social security systems as tools to adjust social class contradictions, thus ensuring the relative harmony of their social class relations. The improvement of social welfare and social security system mainly depends on the government's heavy taxes on enterprises. That is, it mainly depends on the high taxes paid by the capitalist class to the government, that is, it depends on the class concessions made by the capitalist class to the working class.

(6) However, the appearance and development of economic globalization inevitably leads to the irreversible gradual destruction of social welfare and social security system. With the development of economic globalization, capitalists in developed countries can naturally transfer their enterprises to developing countries with low taxes to avoid heavy domestic taxes. In this case, the social welfare and social security system in developed countries will inevitably be impacted and destroyed by the reduction of domestic tax revenue.

(7) At the same time, with the transfer of some enterprises to developing countries with low taxes, the domestic unemployment rate will inevitably rise. The rise of unemployment rate marks the increase of employees to be hired, which means that capitalists will have more choices when hiring employees, so they can hire employees with lower salaries. In this way, the wages of the whole working class will continue to deteriorate, and they will often face the danger of unemployment.

(8) Therefore, on the one hand, the living environment of the whole employment class is gradually deteriorating; On the one hand, the social welfare and social security system have been gradually destroyed, and the living environment of social vulnerable groups, including the unemployed, has gradually deteriorated-this is an inevitable basic change brought by economic globalization to developed countries. This change will inevitably lead to the intensification of social class contradictions, and then lead to fierce and violent class struggle. The so-called "riots" in Paris, France in 2005 were essentially formed in this way. It can be asserted that the "riots" in Paris are only signs and signals of the beginning of a new round of fierce class struggle in developed capitalist countries. Therefore, the storm of class struggle in developed countries is inevitable, and its appearance will be complicated in way and time because of the changes in the international struggle situation. But now that the seeds have grown, the trend must change.

Contradictions within developing countries

(9) The essence of current economic globalization is the globalization led by developed countries, which is another name for the economic expansion of developed countries. Therefore, the world economic operation under the current economic globalization is mainly reflected in: 1, a large number of products from developed countries flood into the markets of developing countries and try to monopolize their markets gradually; 2. A large number of labor-intensive enterprises, high-pollution enterprises and enterprises trying to avoid heavy taxes in developed countries have been transferred to developing countries; 3. Developing countries only have advantages in limited product fields such as energy, raw materials, primary products or parts of some high-tech products, and can enter developed countries on a large scale.

Therefore, the reality of economic globalization is that developing countries are increasingly becoming product markets, energy bases, raw material bases and dumping sites of industrial wastes in developed countries. Therefore, this kind of economic globalization is actually a "one-dimensional economic globalization". It is not the economic globalization of developing countries, but the economic globalization of developed countries, which is another name for economic expansion of developed countries.

(10) Economic globalization means the economic expansion of developed countries. This expansion, in the name of global resource integration, makes the economy of developing countries more and more dependent on the economy of developed countries, and their national economic system is more and more deformed and fragile, and it is increasingly inseparable from the "help" of developed countries. As a result, with more and more "help" from developed countries, the overall economic development of developing countries is getting worse and worse, the polarization of the international community is becoming more and more serious, and the gap between North and South is widening. This is the current reality.

(1 1) In contrast, due to the influx of products from developed countries, products with higher costs, higher prices and lower quality from developing countries quickly lost their markets. Many enterprises trying to enter the international market and compete with developed countries are crushed by a large number of foreign products in their own countries under the cruel market competition. The number and quality of "transnational groups" with strong competitiveness formed by developing countries are extremely low.

(12) Not only products from developed countries have flooded into developing countries, but also capitalists from developed countries have set up companies, factories and mines in developing countries. In this way, the economic lifeline of developing countries is gradually mastered by developed countries.

(XIII) Bankruptcy and merger of national industries in developing countries have caused a lot of unemployment. Only a small number of unemployed people can be employed by foreign companies or joint ventures-because enterprises in developed countries need far fewer employees than national industries. In this way, the increase of unemployment in developing countries has become an inevitable phenomenon.

(14) The increase in unemployment has also brought down the wages and benefits of the whole employment class.

(15) Developing countries generally lack relatively perfect social welfare and social security systems. Therefore, the living environment of the unemployed and the employed can only be several times worse than that of developed countries. In this way, class contradictions in developing countries are more intensified than in developed countries, and spontaneous violence against class struggle is more likely to occur than in developed countries. Therefore, the storm of class struggle sweeping the whole developing country will occur earlier than that in developed countries, because developing countries generally lack the economic power to ease domestic class contradictions.

The contradiction between developed and developing countries

(16) The current economic globalization is the economic globalization led by developed countries, which is another name for the economic expansion of developed countries. The initial stage of this expansion will bring some superficial prosperity to developing countries. However, with its development and deepening, the economic lifeline of developing countries is gradually mastered by developed countries. Therefore, the essence of this expansion is the economic annexation of developing countries by developed countries at the same time. This is a new colonial act, a more irresponsible colonial act of exhausting resources and fishing, and a pirate colonial plunder wrapped in beautiful words. This is the real source that the rich countries are getting richer and poorer in the international community.

17. So the contradiction between developed and developing countries is irreconcilable.

(18) At present, the war-torn situation in the Middle East is the result of the development of this contradiction. Israel's war against Palestine, the United States' war against Iraq, etc. are essentially the oppression and plunder of developed countries against developing countries. The wars of developing countries against such oppression and plunder are all based on the struggle for and control of energy-rich areas in the Middle East.

19. Such wars will only increase in the future, not decrease. The reasons for waging war will be more and more diverse, but no matter how many kinds of lies cover up the true nature of war, it will only make the true nature and consequences of war more and more real and clear.

(20) The increasingly serious terrorist acts around the world are also the external manifestation of this contradiction. It is an asymmetric war behavior for developing countries to resist the military invasion and economic plunder of developed countries. This kind of behavior is radical and unreasonable in form, but by investigating its root, we can find that it contains a certain reasonable core.

(2 1) In short, the deepening of the contradiction between developed and developing countries is developing irreversibly on a global scale.

Contradictions between developed countries

(22) The development of economic globalization also means the development of global market and resource competition in developed countries.

(23) Since the end of the Cold War, the old international order characterized by the hegemony (polar) confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union has been broken. The trend of political multipolarization keeps pace with the times.

(24) Political multipolarization is essentially the antithesis of American unipolar hegemony.

(25) Political multipolarization is essentially a blueprint for a new international order of "pluralistic hegemony". It is a program of action for great powers against the unipolar hegemonic system of the United States. Therefore, it can also be said that it is the product of the "hegemony" of all major powers, including the United States.

Therefore, developing countries are not among the "multipolar", and multipolarity is only the "multipolar" of big countries.

(26) The emergence of political multipolarization. Compared with the pre-Qin history of China, it is: the Spring and Autumn Five Overlords era ended, and the Warring States era came.

27. The United States tries to maintain its unipolar hegemony as a superpower, while other powers try to deny the global hegemony of the United States by establishing their own local hegemony. Therefore, political multipolarization itself is a process full of struggle.

28. The struggle around political multipolarization is essentially a reflection of the economic struggle of big countries, and at the same time it serves the economic struggle of big countries. During the Iraq war in 2003, the differences among the United States, Britain, Spain, Germany, France and Russia were the products of their conflicting economic interests.

(29) With the deepening of economic globalization, the competition for markets and resources in developed countries will inevitably develop into an increasingly serious political and military struggle. This is absolutely inevitable.

(30) Since the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union in the last century, due to the appearance of nuclear weapons, great powers have maintained maximum restraint in their mutual exchanges. Therefore, large-scale wars since the Cold War are basically wars in which the strong bully the weak and the big bully the small, or proxy wars between big countries (that is, wars fought by small countries on behalf of big countries).

(3 1) War is "the highest form of struggle to solve the contradictions among classes, nationalities, countries and political groups at a certain stage of development" (Selected Works of Mao Zedong, p. 155).

"War is the highest form of struggle among nations, countries, classes and political groups" (ibid., p. 166).

32. Therefore, war is the product of irreconcilable contradictions. Irreconcilable contradiction is "cause" and the occurrence of war is "result".

33. Therefore, since the Cold War, there is no essential reason for the outbreak of large-scale wars among major powers-there is still room for reconciliation of contradictions among major powers. Fear of the devastating threat of nuclear war to mankind is only a superficial reason.

34. Therefore, in the case of real irreconcilable contradictions, the devastating threat of nuclear war to mankind will not be an obstacle to the outbreak of war.

35. The current propaganda about the devastating threat of nuclear war to mankind is only a logical hypothetical reasoning.

It is commonly said that "existing nuclear weapons can destroy the earth several times"-first, it is based on how many square kilometers an atomic bomb (or hydrogen bomb) explodes; Secondly, according to the total amount of atomic weapons in nuclear-armed countries, it is inferred how many square kilometers all atomic weapons can explode; Thirdly, by comparing the total data with the total area of the earth, we can see how many times (several square kilometers) all atomic weapons exploded to the total area of the earth; Finally, how many times can existing nuclear weapons destroy the earth? Therefore, this is undoubtedly only a theoretical deduction, which will undoubtedly be far from reality. Therefore, this is undoubtedly an exaggerated "threat" (this exaggeration is an important part of the nuclear blackmail policy of some countries). Therefore, there is no doubt that this exaggerated threat can never be an obstacle to the outbreak of war when the contradictions between major powers are truly irreconcilable.

The mutual influence of the five contradictions

36. The development of the above contradictions (contradiction between developed countries, contradiction between developing countries, contradiction between developed countries and contradiction between developed countries) is not isolated, but affects, stimulates and promotes each other. -Therefore, it is an interactive and linked development.

37. Contradictions between developed countries are intertwined with those between developed and developing countries. One of the main contents that developed countries compete for is the control of markets and resources in developing countries. At the same time, the control of developed countries over developing countries' markets and resources is also established and exists in mutual competition.

(38) The fiercer the competition among developed countries, the deeper their control over the developing countries they already control. -Because the fiercer the competition, the more difficult it is to control new fields and fields. It is more and more difficult to control new areas and fields, which will force developed countries to take all measures to increase their income in the controlled areas and fields, and use these increased income to strengthen their power to compete for new areas and fields. Therefore, the fiercer the competition between developed countries and the more contradictions develop, the fiercer the struggle between developed and developing countries and the deeper the contradictions. On the other hand, the intensified opposition of controlled developing countries to controllers will also force developed countries to compete for new regions and fields, thus further deepening the contradictions among developed countries.

(39) The more developed countries want to increase their income in controlled developing countries, the more they want to exploit and plunder developing countries, and the greater the damage they suffer. The greater the damage to developing countries, the worse the domestic situation and the more serious the domestic class contradictions. On the contrary, the more serious the class contradiction in developing countries, the more complicated and profound the contradiction between developing countries and developed countries will become.

(40) The deepening contradiction between developed countries and between developed and developing countries will limit the space for developed countries to obtain profits from abroad. Therefore, "people trapped outside will return to the inside"-the part of profits lost abroad will inevitably be made up at home, and it will inevitably be made up by strengthening domestic exploitation and reducing domestic social welfare and social security expenditures. Therefore, domestic class contradictions will inevitably intensify. Similarly, the intensification of domestic contradictions will also force developed countries to intensify their foreign struggles. Therefore, the contradiction between developed countries and between developed and developing countries will be more serious.

4 1. So, in a word, these contradictions-those of developed countries, those of developing countries, those of developed countries, and those between developed countries-will multiply in mutual influence, stimulation and promotion.

(42) So,

(1) Revolutionary storms in developed countries and developing countries will inevitably break out ahead of schedule (in addition, the "corruption tide" prevailing in the world will also play a role in promoting).

(2) The developed countries bully the weak and fear the hard, and the war of fighting violence with violence in developing countries will be further increased, upgraded and developed.

(3) War between developed countries (especially between military powers) is bound to break out; World War III is bound to break out. And it will definitely break out earlier than people think.

Six conclusions

(43) The contradiction between developed countries, developing countries, developed countries and developing countries, and the contradiction between developed countries-the development and intensification of these contradictions under the conditions of economic globalization is deeply rooted in the basic contradiction that economic globalization increasingly requires global economic coordination, while the actual economic activities of countries are increasingly uncoordinated.

44. The contradiction between "global economic development requirements" and "economic activities of countries" under the condition of economic globalization is essentially the contradiction between economic globalization and political multipolarization. Because countries are increasingly uncoordinated in economic activities, it is one of the main manifestations of political multipolarization.

(45) The economic base determines the superstructure. The development history of human society is the history that the superstructure constantly adapts to the economic base. When the economic base developed to the feudal economic era, the superstructure of slavery could not continue to exist for a long time. When the economic base develops to the era of capitalist economy, the capitalist superstructure will inevitably replace the feudal superstructure. Therefore, when the economic base puts forward what kind of change requirements for the superstructure, the superstructure will inevitably change according to this requirement. -This is a historical reality and a historical law.

46. Economic globalization belongs to the category of economic base. Political multipolarization belongs to the category of superstructure.

47. Political multipolarization is not a superstructure compatible with economic globalization.

48. Economic globalization requires closer cooperation and collaboration between countries and regions as global production factors. Therefore, countries are also required to pay more attention to the overall situation of global economic development when dealing with each other's economic relations, rather than destroying the "public interest" of global economic development with the "private interest" of one country. Only in this way can it be beneficial to the development of the world economy, otherwise it will hinder the healthy development of the world economy.

Therefore, economic globalization needs a "government organization" with global coordination function to ensure the healthy development of the global economy. Economic globalization needs the superstructure with global "integration" function to adapt to it. Economic globalization will inevitably lead to global political unity.

(50) So-the result of contradictory development in the current era of economic globalization will inevitably lead to the unification of a world divided by multi-ethnic countries. Revolutionary storms, wars between developed and developing countries, and wars between developed countries all have only one destination: world reunification.

5 1. So-revolution and war are bound to break out-World War III is bound to break out and the world will be unified. This is a historical necessity and a scientific truth. No one can stop it.

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