Prose: it is a kind of free and flexible style to express what you see and feel. It refers to a literary style written in concise, vivid and beautiful literary language, which is memorable, vivid, picturesque and figurative.

Organize prose knowledge: 1. Classification of prose: narrative prose: ① personal prose; ② Narrative prose; 2. Broad spatial transformation; 3. There are many related events; 4. Live expression; 5. The structure is ingenious.

Accumulation and application: 1. Find some classic essays (narrative essays, argumentative essays, lyric essays) from your own library, read them carefully, try to analyze its success, and learn to imitate them to write your own composition. 2. Analyze the structural features of familiar or favorite prose objects. 3. Combined with the preparation for the college entrance examination, focus on reading short articles: (1) Analyze the relationship between ideas and materials in these articles; (2) Analyze the structural methods of these articles and train the composition according to their structures; (3) Analyze the linguistic features of these articles and try to apply them to my own articles.

2. Knowledge of prose style

Prose: it is a kind of free and flexible style to express what you see and feel. It refers to a literary style written in concise, vivid and beautiful literary language, which is memorable, vivid, picturesque and figurative.

Organize prose knowledge: 1. Classification of prose: narrative prose: ① personal prose; ② Narrative prose; 2. Broad spatial transformation; 3. There are many related events; 4. Live expression; 5. The structure is ingenious. Accumulation and application: 1. Find some classic essays (narrative essays, argumentative essays, lyric essays) from your own library, read them carefully, try to analyze its success, and learn to imitate them to write your own composition.

2. Analyze the structural features of familiar or favorite prose objects. 3. Combined with the preparation for the college entrance examination, focus on reading short articles: (1) Analyze the relationship between ideas and materials in these articles; (2) Analyze the structural methods of these articles and train the composition according to their structures; (3) Analyze the linguistic features of these articles and try to apply them to my own articles.

3. Three stylistic knowledge of Chinese.

Stylistic knowledge of narrative: 1. Concept: Narrative is an article with narrative and description as its main forms and characters, narratives, scenery and objects as its main contents, including news, communication, features, reportage, travel notes, biographies, memoirs, sketches, diaries, stories, fairy tales, fables and novels and essays in literary genre. 4. Narrative clues: time, space, people, events, events and feelings. 5. Narrator: Using the first person "I" gives people a sense of reality and intimacy, which is convenient for direct lyric. The third person "he" is not limited by time and space, and its writing is relatively free. 6. Narrative language style: vivid. Kindness, naturalness and colloquialism; Humor and satire; Passionate and unrestrained. 7. Paragraph division and induction: (1) Paragraph division method: a. Time lapse; B, according to the development process; C, according to the spatial transformation; D, according to emotional changes; E, according to the expression; F, according to the logical relationship. (2) The method of summarizing the meaning of the paragraph: highlighting the main characters and the main plot; Exclude minor characters, minor plots and various descriptions, that is, summarize "so-and-so". 8. Generalization-centered method: summarize the main contents of the article first, and then point out the ideological significance of the article. Pay attention to "six grasps": grasp the content, title, beginning, end, discussion sentence and background of the full text. 9. The eye of the article actually refers to the central sentence of the article and explains the stylistic knowledge of the article. Or explain the state, nature and function of things, or clarify things. It can be divided into two categories: things and things. 2. Explanatory object and its characteristics: the things or things mainly explained in the explanatory text are the explanatory objects of this article. The so-called characteristics are the signs that distinguish this thing from other things. 3. Description sequence: time sequence, spatial order (from top to bottom, from outside to inside, from front to back, from far to near, etc. ). From primary to secondary, from cause to effect, from phenomenon to essence, from feature to function, from general description to sub-description, etc. ). Program sequence is a kind of time sequence. 3. Interpretation and its function: Common interpretation methods include examples, enumerating data, classification, comparison, analogy, interpretation, definition, quotation, drawing charts, imitation and so on. 4. explain. Points-total; The language of expository writing: "accuracy" is the premise of expository writing language. On the premise of "accuracy", some people are good at "plain" and others are good at "vivid". (Focus on the analysis of the effect of adverbs such as the expression degree, scope, time, frequency, situation and mood of "approximate number and exact number". Pay attention to the format of the answer. ) Stylistic knowledge of argumentative writing: 1, three elements of argumentative writing: argument, argument and argumentation. Examination preparation materials for national registered architects and builders. The mock test (1) is the author's point of view on the discussed issues and the soul of argumentative writing. Argumentative essays generally have only one central argument, and some even put forward several sub-arguments around the central argument. The opening point is clear; Summary at the end of the article; It was put forward during the discussion. (2) Arguments are materials used to prove arguments, including factual arguments and rational arguments. Factual arguments include social phenomena, historical facts and statistical data. Pay special attention to factual arguments expressed in general. Rational arguments include philosophical principles, scientific arguments, famous sayings, proverbs, aphorisms, aphorisms, etc. The choice of arguments should be true, typical and sufficient (or targeted and convincing). (3) Argumentation is the process and method of using arguments to prove arguments. The commonly used argumentation methods include example argumentation, rational argumentation, comparative argumentation, figurative argumentation, inductive argumentation and refutation. (2) Argumentation can be divided into argumentation and refutation. Refutation can be divided into direct refutation and indirect refutation. Direct refutation can refute arguments, arguments, arguments. 3. The basic structure of an argumentative essay is: asking questions (introduction)-analyzing problems (thesis)-solving problems (conclusion). It can be divided into two categories: one is to deepen one by one. It is subdivided into "deepening step by step" and "linking and combining". The second is the parallel discussion structure, which is called "horizontal", including "general discussion-sub-discussion-general discussion", "general discussion-sub-discussion" and "sub-discussion-general discussion". 4. The language of the argument is accurate and rigorous.

4. The main features of prose style are

The most important feature of the prose is that it is "scattered in form but not scattered in spirit", which is characterized by: a. Wide and diverse materials, rich and ingenious associations, and not limited by time, space and region.

B is short and pithy, with profound and concentrated thoughts, and expresses the essence of real life from what the author sees, hears, thinks and feels. C. the structure is free and easy, and the forms are diverse and complicated; According to the needs of the content, it can be carefully cut, dispersed and closed.

D. the expression method is flexible and rich in change and development; It can integrate narration, description, lyricism and discussion, or it can combine narration with discussion, narrate the scene with things and touch the feelings from the scene; It does not require complete stories and complete characters, nor does it require showing the whole process of contradiction development. E. The language is concise, harmonious, concise and beautiful, and the language of prose is the most stylized language. Authors can express their thoughts, experiences, hobbies and personalities in different styles of language.

5. Literary knowledge about prose

The main features of prose:

1. The shape is scattered but the spirit is not scattered

2. Deep artistic conception

3. Beautiful and concise language, rich in literary talent

The difference between prose and other styles;

1. Prose refers to a literary genre called poetry, novel and drama, including prose, essays and travel notes. It is characterized by expressing the author's views and feelings and revealing its social significance through the description of some fragments or life events in real life, which can be processed and created on the basis of real people and things; It doesn't necessarily have a complete story and characters, but focuses on expressing the author's feelings about life, with flexible selection of materials and strong lyricism.

2. Prose, the freest style, pays no attention to phonology, parallelism, any constraints and restrictions, and is also the earliest style in China.

3. Prose is a common literary genre. Because of its wide range of materials, varied artistic expressions and intoxicating, people like prose that is not limited by time and can cover ancient times, the future and today. Therefore, prose has the characteristics of long time span, wide spatial transformation, many events involved, vivid expression and ingenious connection with the full text. However, the writing always focuses on the theme that the author wants to express, and it doesn't make people feel the slightest scattered.

4. Lenovo is extremely rich, free and easy in writing and infectious. Similarly, it is not limited by space, and the vastness of the country and the space universe can accommodate it.

Characteristics of modern prose:

1, written in vernacular, so it is relatively simple.

This writer's personality in his prose is stronger than his previous prose. Modern prose is mostly autobiographical, from which we can see the writer's personality, hobbies, thoughts and beliefs. Therefore, different writers will present different prose styles because of their different personalities.

3, the expansion of the subject matter, it can be said that the universe is big, flies have nothing to talk about.

4. The taste of humor.

5. Harmony between humanity, sociality and nature. The author of modern prose forgets himself all the time, and also forgets nature and society all the time. Even the purest lyric prose always emphasizes the relationship between man and society to express his embrace. A grain of sand sees the world, and a half-petal flower says human feelings, which is the characteristic of modern prose.

6. Because modern prose is deeply influenced by foreign prose, especially English prose, it tends to be Europeanized in form and content.

6. Knowledge of prose style

Classification of prose:

According to different expressions, prose can be roughly divided into three categories: narrative prose, lyric prose and reasoning prose (argumentative prose).

(1) Narrative Prose: Prose that focuses on writing people's narratives and expresses the author's specific feelings and thoughts through writing people's narratives, often with certain lyrical elements. This kind of prose is good at expressing the mental outlook of characters and revealing the significance of events through the description of some life fragments, scenes and details and the personality characteristics of characters. According to the emphasis of the content, it can be divided into two types. (1) remember people prose. It focuses on characters, but it is different from novels in depicting characters. It does not pursue the integrity of the characters, nor does it require a comprehensive description of their fate. But to express feelings through characteristic details, life fragments or a certain aspect of personality. ② Narrative prose. It takes the development of events as a clue and attracts much attention. The events described can be large or small, one or more, a relatively complete short story, a combination of fragments or a description of a specific scene. But in general, we should focus on choosing a tortuous, interesting and connotative side or a scene to write.

(2) Lyric prose: that is, lyrical prose, which mainly expresses the author's feelings, * * and wishes about real life. Its basic characteristics are to convey feelings with scenery, to convey feelings with things, to express feelings with things, and to express aspirations with things. That is, through the wonderful artistic description of scenery and things, the author's subjective feelings and specific feelings are expressed. This kind of prose is more subtle and symbolic. Take some things as the object, focusing on expressing the author's feelings concretely and vividly.

(3) Argumentative prose: also known as argumentative prose, it focuses on argumentation, with the help of some kind of image reasoning, or directly expresses arguments. It is characterized by the combination of argumentative, lyrical and descriptive. This kind of prose is similar to essays, but it is more literary than ordinary essays.

7. There are several styles of writing articles.

Classification of Stylistics In stylistic classification, articles are generally divided into practical style and literary style.

In practical style, it can be divided into narrative, argumentative and explanatory texts. Thesis is one of the discussion articles, which is often a discussion of major issues in a certain discipline or its field. Compared with general discussion articles, it is more thick and substantial.

Papers must have clear arguments; Secondly, there must be a series of theoretical materials and factual materials to prove the argument. Theoretical materials should be spiral, correct and authoritative; The factual materials require authenticity, typicality and freshness.

Thirdly, there should be an argumentation process, and arguments and appropriate argumentation methods should be used to prove the arguments. In the process of argumentation, we should unify viewpoints and materials, grasp the essence of things and the relationship between things, and make the argumentation steps smooth and diverse.

8. Common sense of Chinese style

Stylistic knowledge literary genre includes ancient stylistic common sense and modern stylistic common sense.

Ancient prose: Ancient prose can be roughly divided into verse, parallel prose and prose, including historical biography. Rhyme is a rhyming style, including poems, words, poems and inscriptions.

Prose, including historical biographies, argumentative essays, essays, practical essays, etc. Parallel prose is a style between poetry and prose.

Let's focus on it. 1, classical poetry, modern poetry in the Tang Dynasty, metrical poems and quatrains prevailing in the Tang Dynasty are called modern poetry, and poems with loose metrical patterns and free forms before the Tang Dynasty are called classical poetry.

Now metrical poems and quatrains are generally called modern poems, while others are collectively called ancient poems. There are four words, five words, seven words and miscellaneous words in ancient poetry. The Book of Songs and Yuefu are also ancient poems.

Modern poetry can be divided into metrical poems and quatrains, and there are also five words and seven words. There are eight sentences in Rhyme * * *, which are divided into four parts: one or two sentences are head couplet, three or four sentences are parallel couplet, five or six sentences are neck couplet, seven or eight sentences are tail couplet, and even sentences are flat couplet. Pay attention to the antithesis of the upper and lower sentences in the middle two couplets.

The metrical requirements of quatrains are generally the same as those of metrical poems, but the antithesis requirements of the upper and lower sentences are not very strict. 2. Ci, Fu and Parallel Prose are all Chuci and belong to poetry.

Long and short sentences, uneven sentence patterns, free form, commonly used the word "Xi", mainly lyrical, with a strong romantic color, represented by Qu Yuan's Li Sao. Fu, which originated in the late Warring States period, is a style between poetry and prose. Generally speaking, its rhyme is neat and prose sentences are mixed.

The representative figure is Sima Xiangru. Parallel prose originated in Han and Wei Dynasties and was formed in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The whole article is basically composed of antithetical sentences, paying attention to the use of allusions and flowery rhetoric. Because four sentences and six sentences are often used, it is also called "four-six-character prose", which is also a style between poetry and prose.

"Zhu Shu" and "Epang Palace Fu" studied in senior high school are such styles. 3. Ci and Qu Ci sprouted in the Southern Dynasties, formed in the Tang Dynasty and prevailed in the Song Dynasty.

It is the development of poetry, so it is called "poetry surplus". It has various aphorisms, and each aphorism has its own fixed format, including the number of words and sentences, as well as the rhyme of flat and even words.

Its sentence patterns vary in length, also known as long and short sentences. According to the number of words, it can be divided into long tones (above 9 1 word), middle tones (59 to 90 words) and short tones (below 58 words).

Qu was popular in the Yuan Dynasty, so it was called "Yuanqu", and it was also a poem with music. Including Sanqu and Zaju.

Sanqu is a oratorio, while Zaju is a performance. Sanqu can be divided into two categories: poetry and divertimento, in which poetry consists of one song and divertimento is also called divertimento, which consists of many songs.

Zaju has a complete storyline, and its structure is four folds (equivalent to four acts) plus a wedge (prologue), which is composed of subject (action description of characters and stage effect) and object (dialogue and monologue, etc.). ) and lyrics, the roles are Dan (female role), Mei (male role), Jing (painted face), Wai (old man) and Ugly. There are qupai in the song, which stipulates the fixed format of its word number, sentence number, level tone and rhyme.

Gongdiao indicates the volume of the tune. Shi Wenchuan belongs to historical prose, including chronological style (such as Zuo Zhuan and Zi Tongzhi Jian), national style (such as Guoyu and Warring States Policy), biographical style (such as Historical Records, Hanshu and Twenty-four History) and chronological style (such as Hanshu and Descendants).

5. Ancient essays developed from quotations of various schools, and formed several kinds in the process of development: "On" discussing things; "Say" and apply for the truth. 6. Essays include travel notes of scenic spots and landscapes.

Miscellaneous notes on painting and calligraphy, miscellaneous notes on personnel. Miscellaneous notes cover a wide range, and some topics have the word "Ji".

Historical events, anecdotes, scientific materials, textual research and other articles are included. 7. Practical writing includes four categories: recitation, epitaph, eulogy and preface.

Modern style: Modern style mainly refers to novels, poems, essays, dramas, reportage, children's literature, folk literature and essays. In addition, there are practical essays, including narrative essays, expository essays, argumentative essays and practical essays.

1. The six elements of narrative refer to the time, place, person, cause, process and result of written events. 2. According to the needs, the narrative can use the first person (I, we), the second person (you, you) and the third person (he, they). Generally speaking, the first person and the third person are often used.

3. The central idea of narrative is to express the main views on life by writing people, notes, scenes and things. The central idea must be clear and concentrated.

4. Material is the flesh and blood of the article, which is used to express the central idea; The central idea is the soul of the article, which controls the material. 5. The main materials that can highlight the central idea should be written in detail; The secondary materials that play a certain role in expressing the central idea should be written in a general, concise and detailed way, which can make the article clear and focused.

6. The order of narration generally includes direct narration, flashback and insertion. 7. Clues refer to the context that runs through all the materials in the article.

8. Explanatory texts can be divided into explanatory texts and explanatory texts. 9. Explain that things must grasp the characteristics of things.

The so-called "feature" is the main symbol that distinguishes this thing from other things. Grasping the characteristics also grasps the essence of things.

10, the order of explanation mainly includes chronological order, spatial order and logical order. There are mainly six logical sequences: from whole to part, from generalization to concreteness, from phenomenon to essence, from general to special, from main to secondary, from cause to result.

1 1. Common interpretation methods include definition, classification, number of columns, examples, comparisons, analogies, quotations, charts, etc. 12, in order to explain the characteristics and essence of the object more vividly, or make the article more vivid and interesting, you can describe and narrate it appropriately in the explanation.

13, the three elements of argumentative writing are argument, argument and argumentation. Argumentative writing is the author's views and opinions on the issues discussed, and it is the soul of argumentative writing.

An argumentative paper generally has only one central argument, and some argumentative papers also put forward several sub-arguments around the central argument to supplement and prove the central argument. 14, directly put forward the position of the central argument in the text, either at the beginning, or in the middle, or in.