The initial formation of farming civilization: from the Stone Age to the Iron Age, social productive forces were greatly improved. In agriculture, from hoeing to ploughing, from using wooden plows or stone plows to using metal plows, the ability of human beings to transform nature has been significantly improved, so agriculture began to be separated from animal husbandry. Piles of rice, rice husk and rice leaves were found in Hemudu site, which proved that rice was planted artificially in China as early as 7,000 years ago. The agriculture formed in this period played an important role in the formation and development of China culture, and had a direct impact on the formation of the deep-rooted concept of "emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce" in feudal society. The farming civilization produced by agriculture is a major difference between East Asian civilization headed by China and Western civilization. Farming began in the Yellow River basin and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and gradually became the main way of life of people in the Central Plains and southern regions. The competition between farming civilization in the Central Plains and animal husbandry civilization in the north lasted for quite a long time. Farming civilization has profoundly influenced the way of thinking and value orientation of China people, and fundamentally influenced the political, economic system, cultural development direction and basic cultural characteristics of the Chinese nation.

After the division of agriculture and animal husbandry, pottery, textile, wine-making and other activities appeared. At the same time, due to the emergence and development of metal smelting, handicraft industry appeared. Handicraft industry has made great progress in the manufacture of production tools, which has promoted the transformation of China into a civilized period. During this period, painting, sculpture, dance, note symbols, picture symbols and other cultural arts appeared, which laid the foundation for the later cultural and artistic development of China.

At the same time, with the development of productive forces and the gradual expansion of the scope of exchange, private ownership has been developed and consolidated day by day, and three tribes, Yanhuang, Dongyi and Miaoman, have begun to appear. In the complicated struggle and integration, the alliance of three tribes formed the initial embryonic form of a country with China as the core. The war broke the barrier between tribes, merged the culture created by tribes, accelerated the pace of social development, and promoted the polarization between the rich and the poor and the emergence of classes. By the time of the Yellow Emperor, the embryonic form of the country had begun to sprout. In the process of moving towards a civilized society, the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River have become the center of communication, competition and integration between clans and tribes in China history. With the continuous expansion of this center, a * * body with Yanhuang Tribal Alliance as the core, including most ancestors of Dongyi and Miaoman, was finally formed.

Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties were a slave society in China, and the initial culture of this period was the foundation of China's cultural development.

Initial establishment of political institutions: Xia Dynasty was the first slave country in China's history, and its establishment marked the official entry of China's history into the civilized era, which laid the foundation for the civilized development of China for more than 4,000 years. The Shang and Zhou Dynasties continued to develop after the Xia Dynasty. During this period, the state machine basically laid the framework for the later countries. The country began to have a strong army, composed of officials at all levels, established a tribute system and formulated a criminal law. After Kangding in Shang Dynasty, the eldest son inheritance system was gradually established. The state organs became more and more complicated, improved and strengthened, the ruling area gradually expanded, the territory centered on the Central Plains was basically established, and the Zhou Dynasty established a perfect Jingtian system and feudal system. The political system and ruling form established in this period have far-reaching influence on later generations.

The development of bronzes: Shang Dynasty was the peak of the development of bronzes. Shang Dynasty is also called "Bronze Age" because of its superb production skills, advanced production technology, large-scale workshops and a large number of representative bronzes left behind. During this period, bronzes were widely used as ritual vessels and wars, as well as in production. In the ruins of Yin Ruins and Zhengzhou Mall, there are bronze casting workshops dedicated to the royal family, and there is a detailed division of labor in the workshops. From the ruins and bronzes found, we can see the proficiency and advanced technology of smelting at that time. The number of bronzes in the Western Zhou Dynasty far exceeded that in the Shang Dynasty, and thousands of bronze ritual vessels, utensils, weapons, tools and ornaments were unearthed in previous dynasties. Craftsmen in this period have mastered the techniques of forging and casting copper and iron. The development art of bronzes is quite distinctive, and the carving and ornamentation of bronzes also show that the carving art has reached a high level. The high development of bronze smelting technology and bronze manufacturing technology is the reflection and expression of productivity development and production technology progress.

Characters: Descriptive symbols with the nature of memorabilia, which are generally found in the ruins of the late primitive society. Because the inscriptions and inscriptions on Oracle bones in Shang Dynasty are relatively mature, it is speculated that there may be characters and documents recorded in Xia Dynasty. There are Wen Tao, jade, bronze and Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty, and Oracle Bone Inscriptions in the late Shang Dynasty is the most abundant. There are1000000 pieces of written Oracle bones unearthed in Shang Dynasty. Together with the inscriptions of other artifacts, there are about 4000 words, which is already a quite mature text. The inscriptions handed down in the Western Zhou Dynasty are basically the same as those in the Shang Dynasty, but there are many artifacts and long inscriptions unearthed in the Western Zhou Dynasty, so they become the main part of the inscriptions. The characters of this period laid the foundation for the development of Chinese characters in later generations.

Cultural prosperity: the formation of the thought of worshiping heaven and protecting the people and the germination of simple materialism have far-reaching influence on the development of later philosophy. The Zhou Dynasty attached importance to the education of aristocratic children, and began to teach basic knowledge and skills such as etiquette, music, shooting, defense, and counting books from an early age. Etiquette is an important aspect of Western Zhou society, and there are many regulations about adults, weddings and funeral ceremonies. The rites of Zhou Dynasty had an important influence on Chinese civilization in later generations, and the rites and music of Zhou Gong had a far-reaching influence on the traditional culture and society of China.