Of course, exam-oriented writing is unique, and there are certain rules to follow in exam-oriented writing. Therefore, as a middle school student, you can look for the "framework", "routine" and "format" of writing as you practice a math problem set.
There are certain rules to follow in writing, which have long been noticed by some frontline teachers with keen eyes. They all took advantage of this and summed up their own unique "formula".
A, "frame" composition method:
For example, the "frame" synthesis method aims to enable students to use these "frames" as scientific formulas. For example:
"Box" 1: personality+appearance.
My father is over forty years old. He is tall and has broad shoulders.
"Framework" II: Relationship+Characteristics.
The person I admire most is my deskmate Wang Bin. He is a good student who is ready to help others.
"Framework" III: Personality+Appearance+Point-to-Point Style.
My friend Zhang Yan has a pair of small and flexible eyes. She was my best friend in middle school for several years.
……
With so many "frames", students who feel helpless about composition at least know how to start writing and dare to start writing.
Second, the "routine" composition method:
Teacher Lin Yongshan, the founder of this method and the third middle school in Luoyang City, Henan Province, pointed out: "The so-called routine is actually a conventional method. It includes the methods of conception and demonstration, layout and structure, skill application and language organization. " According to Mr. Lin, there are as many as 70 or 80 kinds of composition routines that he has summarized from famous works. Limited to space, the following are only selected to introduce some:
(A) remember people's composition "routines."
1. dominant type
Seeing things and thinking about people → Associating memories → Seeing things and discussing people → Summarizing the whole article.
For example, "A Precious Shirt" selected from middle school textbooks is a model of this "routine". There are three keys to using this method: first, we should find the "things" that "see things", such as a photo, a diary, a letter and so on. Anything that records the character and some special experiences of the recalled person can be used as a trigger for association.
Secondly, the recalled story should reflect some qualities of a person and coordinate with the trigger point that causes your association. Never write that a trigger is a trigger. The behavior of the main character has nothing to do with the trigger.
The third is the conclusion of "seeing things and discussing people", one of its functions is to summarize the whole article and point out the purpose; The second function is to take care of the beginning. Therefore, we should go back to where we started. This idea is essentially a form of flashback. It's just that things lead to memories, not memories caused by things.
Step 2: Change your mind.
The routine pattern of this formula is: the generation of hate → the desalination of hate → the initiation of love → the development of love → the deepening of love. Or vice versa: the generation of love → the dilution of love → the initiation of hate → the development of hate → the deepening of hate.
For example, the author of litchi honey collected in middle school textbooks hates it because it was stung by bees. Later, he heard that bees sting people because they think people want to hurt them. Once stung, you will run out of life and not live long. So I forgave-the feeling of hate faded. Later, I accidentally drank a cup of litchi honey and thought life was sweet, so I wanted to see the "little creature" bees. Because I ate other people's honey and owed my feelings, I had feelings of concern. When I arrived at the bee farm, I saw that bees "don't want others, but want others to be excellent." Regret and guilt are intertwined with admiration and love, and I can't help but sigh: "What a lovely little soul!" " Next, I compared people to bees and dreamed that I became a little bee. In that era when the industrialization of intellectuals was advocated, the author's desire to be an ordinary people was just revealed.
Four points should be paid attention to when using this formula: first, the derogatory meaning at the beginning should be moderate, leaving room for the following to change from hate to love, otherwise the following will not move. So the initial hatred must be misunderstanding, prejudice and so on. Second, we should pay attention to the reasons for every emotional change in the future to be credible and natural. Third, we should pay attention to the praise and sublimation at the end. Yang Shuo did have a dream. When others are dreaming, you can keep a diary clearly and wait thoughtfully in the distance. Fourth, we should pay attention to the theme. The original materials can't all consist of five stages. When you start learning, you must supplement the information. The missing part can be supplemented by fiction according to the mindset formed by the occupied materials. This style can be mastered by junior and senior high school students after two or three trainings. Mastering this formula, students' writing ideas will have a leap.
3. Argumentative style
The routine mode of this formula is: clear the center → describe the facts → summarize and deal with it.
The first step in using this style is to express the overall evaluation of the characters written in lyric style and point out the main idea. The second step is to describe the deeds of the characters from three different aspects and implement the purpose of the text. The third step is to summarize the narrative of the full text, take care of the beginning of the article, express feelings again and sublimate the center. The famous article that can summarize this formula is Who is the cutest person.
Everything else can be extrapolated, and the composition of the exam is like this.
2. How can I write a good article? Perhaps this is a dream that most people want to realize. So I want to share my heart with you here. If you have good opinions or suggestions, you can also express them ~! Little girl, that makes sense ~!
Yesterday, I went to the bookstore and carefully selected a book, which was written by Liu Yong, "Surpassing yourself, creating yourself and affirming yourself". As the book says, to write a good article, you must first do it, first move yourself, and then move others.
How can an article attract people?
First of all, the topic should be attractive, and attractive topics will arouse people's curiosity. With curiosity, people will want to see it. However, just having an attractive topic is not enough. If the article is empty and tasteless, it will make people unable to read it or leave a deep impression.
So what kind of content will be impressive?
If an article wants to leave a deep impression on people, it is necessary to draw up a center first, and the whole article should be described around this center. But the narrative should also be described in a way, and it can't be summarized in one sentence like writing a running battle. The so-called writing around the center is to clearly express the cause, process and result of things, so that readers can clearly understand what happened under what circumstances. however
So what kind of articles are sentimental and thoughtful?
I think, as I said at the beginning, a good article should first touch yourself, and then touch others. How can you touch people? In other words, when writing an article, we should fully understand the soul and thought of this article, which will make people moved. What is thinking? In other words, when writing an article, you should fully express your feelings and fully reflect the feelings you want to express.
In addition, of course, there must be insight into life and chewing on words. A good article requires people's insight into life, which is not innate, but depends on the observation ability in daily life. You should be good at observing things around you, so that you can write a good article. Of course, a good article also needs to chew on words, which depends on everyone's flexible use of book knowledge. A good article or even a sentence.
To sum up, if you want to write a good article, you must do it, be good at observing things around you, think and feel, and you can write a good article. Remember: touch yourself first, then touch others!
3. Practical writing learning how to write the main points of life and how to learn Chinese. In fact, learning Chinese is not about methods, but about persistence! Here, I would like to introduce my learning methods to you.
Preview, listen carefully, take notes and review. This is the most basic learning method for learning Chinese.
Preview is more important. As the saying goes, "A good beginning is half the battle", so you must prepare well first. When previewing, we can read the text first If it is a short article, you can recite it.
Understand the text. If not, you can make some symbols. Some students think that Chinese is only the main point of learning and summing up knowledge, so many students don't listen carefully in class.
Therefore, in class, you will learn a lot by following the teacher's ideas. Take some notes properly so that you can go home and review.
Review is mainly to recall the situation of today's class, and recall where the teacher focused and talked a little, so that there will be targeted review. "Drip wears away the stone, not in a day."
Isn't that what learning Chinese is all about? Genius is accumulated over time. We can spend 5~ 10 minutes on basic knowledge every day. If you don't like summarizing, you can buy a book to review the senior high school entrance examination, which contains a lot of basic knowledge. It is best to do it right away, so that even if you correct your mistakes, you can deepen your memory! Reading and composition are closely linked.
Some students don't like reading books. They think it's a waste of time to waste precious play time on things that are not fun! Actually, it's not. At first, you were not interested in reading. You can read short stories such as Aesop's fables, but you should like reading and learning books about life.
Slowly, you will like famous books such as Who's Who, How Steel was Tempered, and Spring of the Stars. As the Analects of Confucius said, "Those who know are not as good as those who are good, and those who are good as those who are happy to know", they think Chinese is actually very interesting and can make you laugh. You will find that reading more books is more interesting than playing.
Now we have three minutes to make a speech every day, so we can train our speaking ability. Don't think it's over when we're over. In fact, we can express ourselves well. Chinese depends on speaking and eating. Achieve the effect of "three minutes on stage and ten years off stage".
What the listener needs is stillness, stillness and distance. In this way, we can train our listening.
Don't think that a three-minute speech is useless, in fact, it contains countless languages. When it comes to composition, I still can't use poems, Zhi Yun, Wen Qi and other articles to have lasting appeal and feel * * * color.
I always think that it is enough to use a few famous words and rhetorical devices such as parallelism, metaphor and personification. Actually, no.
I have read their articles, and they are all very emotional. I will move towards this goal, and I hope my article is also full of emotion.
We can keep a diary. For example, on my way home from school one day, I heard a middle-aged woman say, "I don't want to study, and I can't study."
So we can associate this woman with the founding of New China, when China was still poor. You will think how happy we are now! "Knowledge changes fate" and so on.
We can see the big picture from a small place and write with true feelings. The more you accumulate, the richer your feelings will be.
"Reading thousands of books, writing is like a god." "There is a road in the book, and there is no limit to learning the sea." Writing is equally important. We should write more articles.
Many students say that there is nothing to write about, so you should read more books. Spend 30 to 40 minutes learning Chinese every day.
Among them, 10 minutes to summarize today's knowledge; Review the main points. 10 minutes can do reading topics, read books and take reading notes; You can write about your feelings and so on! Secondly, we need to take our homework seriously.
In fact, learning Chinese is not difficult. Lu Xun said: "There is no genius in the world. I just use other people's coffee time at work. "
As long as we are diligent, earnest and careful, high marks are not a problem! "There is no road in the world. If there are more people walking, it will become a road. " There is no right or wrong way to learn Chinese. The more books you read, the higher your thoughts and actions will be.
"Books are the ladder of human progress." .
4. How to write an article 1? The first thing to do in writing a composition is to examine the questions. Otherwise, it will directly lead to "the article is irrelevant" and "writing a thousand words, digressing Wan Li".
How can I do well in the exam? According to the usual forms of composition topics, they can generally be divided into two categories: propositional composition and material composition. The examination of proposition composition is to examine the specific requirements of a given article to determine the topic, the intention of the topic, the requirements beyond the topic, and the "eye of the topic".
Through the examination of the questions, the content range, time range, quantity range, character range and place range of the composition are defined. Can't exceed the given range.
The examination of material composition should be grasped from two aspects: one is inseparable from the ideological content of materials, and the other is closely related to the requirements of composition form. 1. Propositional composition Below we focus on the examination of propositional composition and the problems that need attention.
Determine the topics within the content range and make provisions on the writing content. Therefore, when reviewing the topic, we should determine the content scope of the topic: remember who people should remember; Narration, what to say; What scenery people should write about; Things, things to like, and so on.
Second, the idea is to determine the theme of the article and clarify the central idea to be reflected in the article. The idea of the article is to have a foundation for refining life and try to reflect some fundamental things in life.
In order to achieve this goal, we must strive to be correct, centralized, novel and profound. 1. Correct conception is the basic requirement of composition.
We often hear that so-and-so articles are thoughtful, which mainly depends on the depth of the author's creative thinking. Generally speaking, the intention of our composition should be positive and healthy, strive to reflect the essential content of life, and have certain social universality.
In other words, the theme of the article should be recognized or actively advocated by everyone. Third, the topic of the article is to determine good things before writing a composition, just like making up your mind before starting to do something.
The title of the article can reflect the starting point and motivation of writing. Through the title of the article, readers can basically understand the theme and main content of the article.
The proposed topic of the article should be highly concise, accurate and vivid, so as to attract people's attention and interest. According to the needs of expressing content, the topics to be selected in the article can be roughly divided into the following categories.
When writing, everyone can use it flexibly according to the actual situation. Fourth, material selection is material selection.
No matter what article you write, it is very necessary to choose the materials you need. Just like building a house, we should fully consider what wood, stone, cement, brick and so on to use in advance.
At the same time, we should carefully calculate the amount of various materials, without which we can't build a house; It's no use wasting too much. In addition, the selected materials should be appropriate, which is helpful to show the structural function and image effect of the house.
If you use materials at will, you will eventually build a black house like a train skin. Although strong, no one will like it. In the same way, the purpose of carefully selecting materials before writing is to explain the problem and make it vivid and attractive.
Therefore, before writing, in the face of many available materials, we should make appropriate choices, leave vivid and representative ones, and get rid of general ones; Through the effective combination of important and vivid materials, the purpose of the composition is realized, that is, the theme is deeply expressed by "economic" means. The choice of composition materials should focus on the following five aspects: 1. Choosing familiar materials, the author knows it very well and has deep feelings.
Only when the materials are familiar can you make full use of them, be familiar with them and make you handy. If the situation is unfamiliar and the substance is unclear, how can I tell others? This kind of material, even if used stiffly in your article, will not receive good results, and it will appear mechanical and incoherent later.
This problem is easy to understand, and of course everyone doesn't want to do that. First, the composition should learn to accumulate "reading thousands of books, writing like a god" and "a clever woman can't cook without rice". These ancient summaries illustrate the importance of "accumulation" in writing from both positive and negative aspects.
"Usually rely on accumulation, the examination room depends on play", which is the same experience of the students in the examination room. (A) language to establish a "vocabulary".
Vocabulary is the cell of an article. Vocabulary in a broad sense refers not only to the collection of words and phrases, but also to sentences and sentence groups.
There are two ways to establish "vocabulary": the first is reading. Usually, you should read books, newspapers and periodicals extensively, take reading notes, extract some beautiful words, sentences and paragraphs from a specific notebook, or make reading cards.
The second is life. At ordinary times, we should capture the fresh language in the popular spoken language and write it down in a small notebook or card that we carry with us. Over time, we can say it chapter by chapter and write it beautifully.
(2) Strengthen the accumulation of materials. Materials are the flesh and blood of the article.
Because many students usually don't pay attention to accumulating materials, they are worried every time they write a composition, or edit or copy it. The solution to this problem is to accumulate materials.
Usually, you can take a video camera and tape recorder with you, observe life deeply, actively participate in life, and record your experiences in family life, campus life and social life in time in the form of sketching, keeping a diary and writing observation notes. When recording, we should grasp the details and the characteristics of people, things, things and scenery.
The article written in this way is flesh and blood. (3) We should strengthen ideological accumulation.
Opinion is the soul of an article. The center of the article is not clear, or the thought is not profound, which often shows that the author's thought is superficial.
Therefore, it is necessary to establish a "think tank". There are two ways: first, be thoughtful.
"One more miss, one more gain." Think deeply at ordinary times and ask "why", "what" and "how" when something happens.
So you can see the essence through the phenomenon. It is also necessary to record the "sparks" of thinking and the conclusions of thinking at any time.
The second is compilation, that is, extracting famous sayings and aphorisms. In short, the composition should be accumulated, and the three writing warehouses of vocabulary, material and thought should be regularly counted, sorted and classified to continuously enrich and expand.
Second, to write a good composition, first learn to observe Mr. Lu Xun's reply.
5. How to improve your practical writing? 1. Writing is a process of accumulation and re-accumulation, and it is a process of temporarily releasing accumulation. The deeper the accumulation, the more exciting the release; The more scientific the accumulation, the more effective the release.
Second, reading is a good way to accumulate, but to form an "effective accumulation" that can be applied to writing, we must master some scientific methods suitable for individuals' own characteristics.
Thirdly, we say that the accumulation of thoughts, knowledge and life is the source and foundation of writing.
On this basis, the writer also needs to have the following abilities:
1, the ability to find and collect materials;
2. Ability to read, analyze and digest;
3. Ability of classification and induction;
4. Ability of data sorting and document management;
The so-called "ability" here is actually to master certain skills and methods and use them flexibly.
4. Therefore, finding and mastering the method that suits you is the key to improve your writing ability.
First of all, we should know the four main parts of the writing process:
1. Total analysis
2. Creative thinking
3. Composition writing
Step 4: Tidy up and clean up
Each part has different methods and techniques.
Secondly, you should know which part of your writing process is insufficient. This is the hardest. This is the truth that "people are expensive and have self-knowledge".
Third, we should choose a writing method that suits our own characteristics. Usually, the lack of writing ability stems from the wrong writing method.
Fourth, choose the necessary writing tools. Sharp tools make good work. Choosing the right tools to make up for your own shortcomings can greatly improve your writing ability.
6. How to write a writing idea and composition outline of an article?
1. Title outline
This kind of outline is relatively simple, and only paragraph titles are written.
This is a headline-style composition outline, and the writing points of each paragraph are marked with concise words. It is characterized by concise writing and high speed, and is suitable for situations that are familiar with the writing content or time is tight. But for beginners, it is difficult to play a guiding role in writing.
2. Point contour
This kind of outline is more detailed, which not only shows the center of the composition, but also writes the general content of the composition; At the same time, it is necessary to explain the details of the article.
(3) Requirements for compiling an outline
1. Review questions, center and select materials.
Composition outline is the basis of writing a good composition, which should be written in three orders: examining the topic, establishing the center and selecting materials.
Composition topics generally provide us with the scope of writing (taking notes, writing scenes, writing objects, etc.). ) and writing problems (narrative, expository, argumentative). Therefore, only by examining the questions, can we know what to write and how to write, and can we avoid the problem of irrelevant text.
The central idea is the soul of an article. When writing an outline, only by establishing the center can we focus on selecting materials, determining key points and arranging details. When selecting materials, we should pay attention to closely surrounding the central idea of the article and choose authentic, fresh and interesting materials, so as to clearly and profoundly express the central idea of the article.
Step 2 be concise and clear
The composition outline is just an idea, a composition framework. Therefore, the outline of the composition should be complete and not too complicated; Be concise and achieve the purpose of writing.
Narrative composition:
I. Reasons
Second, after that
Three. * * *
Fourth, the result
Write a composition:
First, the appearance
Second, personality.
Three. example
Fourth, quality.
The writing outline should adhere to the principle of "simplicity, quickness and practicality".
The following points should be paid attention to when compiling the outline of examination composition:
1 Write down the content of the idea [Germany] first, that is, demonstrate the central idea of [Germany] or describe the theme of [Germany], and then make an outline according to this idea, so as to grasp the center.
2. The content of the outline [Germany] should include the general idea, paragraph general idea, level or main points; Each paragraph should be prompted with [German] main materials; Detailed arrangement of paragraph [Germany] and the writing method to be used in paragraph [Germany]. This can make the writing ideas smooth, the structure complete and the details appropriate.
3 Outline structure. Always find a basis to compile an outline of the composition, taking narrative as an example. There are four bases:
(1) according to [de] process (start, process and result).
(2) According to the turning point of time (morning, noon and evening).
(3) According to the activity flow of the characters (what to do first, then what to do, and finally what to do).
(4) According to the spatial [German] transformation (home, on the way, school).
The tone of the outline doesn't need to be carefully chosen. As long as you can understand it, even if there are sick sentences, missing words and typos, you should consider them when writing formally.
Detailed outline and simple outline
Outline, and have detailed points. The simplest [de] outline is called a first-level outline. A detailed outline is called a secondary outline, and a detailed outline is called a tertiary outline.
Simple [de] outline: You can use a sentence or a phrase or a mark as a reminder of the main paragraph to remind yourself not to miss the minor [de] part.
You can write according to this outline. If you have any questions, ask them. Thank you (* _ *) ~
7. How to write a good article Let me tell you how to write a good article (my own experience).
(1) Read more extracurricular books, preferably in the morning. If you have time, you'd better recite more good sentences and use them more! ! !
(2) Write your thoughts! This is very important! Just think of writing as talking, but don't be wordy and don't write false articles for anything meaningful! ! !
(3) Don't write what others have written! ! !
(4) the article should be novel and unique, so as to make others feel fresh when reading your article.
(5) Keep a diary every day, and long-term persistence will be effective! ! ! Hold on! ! ! ! I write every day!
Finally, I put the most important things in the article in order of importance:
(1) novel and unique!
(2) sincere feelings!
(3) rich imagination!
(4) ingenious design!
(5) beautiful sentences!
I'll tell you a little secret: in fact, I'm also a sixth-grade student! The writing has always been good! Writing is actually not difficult at all! ! ! Come on! Hold on! Victory!
8. How to learn to write practical writing refers to resumes, investigation reports, internship reports, ideological reports, work summaries, job-seeking speeches, contract samples, applications, etc. It is often used in daily life or work.
Practical writing is a style formed by human beings in long-term social practice, and it is a tool for people to transmit information, handle affairs and exchange feelings. Some practical writing is also used as evidence and basis. With the development of society, people's communication in work and life is becoming more and more frequent, things are becoming more and more complicated, and the role of practical writing is becoming more and more important.
(a) the type and use of practical writing?
According to different uses, practical writing can be divided into two categories: one is used by administrative organs, organizations, enterprises and institutions to handle official business, and the other is used by individuals or groups to handle private affairs. The main purpose of these practical writing is:
? 1.
? Processing transaction
? Communicate feelings
? Use it as a voucher
2) What are the characteristics of practical writing?
1. Written for something, is the content true?
The most basic feature of practical writing is "use". Writing for use is the biggest difference between practical writing and other articles.
? 2. The object is clear and must be seen?
3. Appropriate language and simple words
? 4. timeliness and timeliness?
5. Fixed format and standardized writing?
First, the relationship and difference between practical writing and narrative writing, argumentative writing and expository writing
What is the relationship between practical writing and narrative writing, argumentative writing and expository writing? They are not tied or subordinate, but belong to two different stylistic classification systems.
Narrative, argumentative and expository are the classification systems of expression styles that focus on expression skills and functions.
Practical writing is an independent classification system, which mainly focuses on the social practical function of the article. Practical writing, narrative writing, argumentative writing and expository writing are a kind of cross, infiltration and overlapping relationship.
Such as memoirs, diaries, local chronicles, memorabilia, genealogy, resumes, epitaphs, etc. The text in an application belongs to the category of narrative text. Instructions, instructions, reference books, teaching materials, book abstracts, registration forms, statistical tables, lists, certificates, advertisements, abstracts, teaching plans, etc. The words in the application belong to the category of explanatory words.
Practical writing has its own independent style classification system, and all styles with certain practical functions can be classified as practical writing. Some people try to classify all styles from a practical perspective. It belongs to two different classification angles and positions, just like the classification of narrative, argumentative and expository texts. Therefore, a specific style can sometimes be a kind of practical writing, but also a narrative, argumentative and explanatory writing.
Second, practical writing should pay attention to the established format requirements.
Regarding the writing of practical writing, we should pay great attention to the format requirements of what people call "convention". This writing standard is not a strict legal form, but a kind of * * * consensus and agreement obtained by countless predecessors in writing practice, which can also be said to be a convergence of aesthetic tastes and a * * * understanding. It can be seen that "agreement" is not a legal norm, but it must contain many reasonable factors of writing norms. We should inherit and keep it, and should not destroy and modify it at will, so as not to affect the specific communicative function of practical writing. Being good at using the "established" format of practical writing is also a concrete embodiment of one's Chinese literacy and level.
For example, as far as letters are concerned, don't think that their writing is simple. It has been written for more than ten years, but there are still mistakes. In fact, it can be said that very few people can really write the correct letter format in a standardized way. Some people don't think so, but they can understand the meaning even if the format of the letter is wrong. But what they don't know is that the China culture it embodies is very different. Just like eating, some people eat with dirty hands, while others eat with high-end tableware. The rudeness and elegance of their style are unparalleled.
Example:
leave out