A thesis is an argumentative one, and its basic structure generally includes three parts: title, argument and conclusion.

1. Proposition: a proposition whose authenticity needs to be proved.

2. Argumentation: that is, discussion and proof. Mainly refers to the discussion process of citing arguments to prove the authenticity of the topic, which is a form of reasoning used when the topic is deduced from arguments.

3. Conclusion: The conclusion is the final judgment of the article. Its main functions are: (1) summarizing the full text and pointing out the theme. (2) Looking to the future and enhancing confidence. (3) express feelings and enhance appeal.

(B) the composition of the paper

A complete paper should include the following contents:

1. Title Name (Title)

The title, also known as the eye of the article, shows the core of the article. The title of the paper should be accurate and concise. The common title writing method is to directly show the theme, put forward one's own point of view, and show the content and scope of the paper. The title of the paper should reflect the logical combination of the most important specific content in the paper with the most appropriate and concise words, and avoid using uncommon abbreviations, ellipsis, characters, codes, symbols and formulas as much as possible. Thesis topics generally do not exceed 30.

2. Author's name and unit

The signature of the paper includes: those who participated in the selection of research topics and the formulation of research plans, those who directly participated in all or most of the research work and contributed, and those who participated in the writing of the paper. If the papers are written by two or more people, they should be sorted according to their contributions or according to the agreement.

3. Abstract of the paper

It is a brief statement of the contents of the paper, prompting the main viewpoints, viewpoints and arguments of the paper or briefly introducing the main contents of the paper. Generally, the purpose, experimental methods, technical achievements and final conclusions of the research should be explained. The abstract should be concise and accurate. Chinese abstracts of general papers are 200-400 words, and important academic papers are no more than 1500 words. Abstract should be reportable, not explanatory.

4. Keywords (or subject words)

Keywords refer to words or terms used to express the theme information of the full text of the paper for information query. Generally, choose 3~5 words for each paper.

5. Overview

An outline refers to the main points of a paper.

6. Introduction (or introduction, preface, introduction, introduction, introduction and introduction)

The introduction is the beginning of the paper. A complicated and lengthy paper, called "introduction" and "preface", requires a clear explanation of the motivation, content, significance and purpose of writing this article. It is mainly used to briefly explain the content, purpose, method and significance of the research question, clarify the main points (article arguments) of the full text, and learn from the research situation, knowledge layout and theoretical basis of predecessors in the academic field. This paper puts forward the author's own research ideas and methods on the inheritance and development of theory and practice, expected results and practical significance. If it is an investigation report, you can also explain the background and investigation methods. This part of the content has the function of "outlining", which is intended to summarize and lead the full text, but the words should be "few but precise". It is not necessary to write the word "sequence" in the text, but generally write 65438.

7. Text

The text is the core and main part of the paper, which should include arguments, arguments, argumentation process and conclusions. Its function is to expand the topic, analyze and demonstrate. The content of the text is an in-depth analysis of the problems raised in the introduction of the article, and it is analyzed and demonstrated by combining theoretical research with practical operation. It reveals the intricate internal relations and laws of objective things in various professional fields. The content of writing reflects the logical thinking and language expression ability of the article, which determines the understandability of the paper and the persuasiveness of the argument. Writing must be realistic, objective and true, well-prepared, with clear thinking logic, distinct levels and easy to understand.

There are three levels of structure when writing:

1). Linear reasoning mode-starting from the central argument of the article, the discussion is carried out layer by layer, and the logical deduction from one point to another shows the logical depth of a straight line.

2). Parallel analysis-juxtapose several subordinate arguments belonging to the basic topic and discuss them separately.

3). The combination of linear reasoning and coordinate theory-that is, linear theory contains coordinate theory, and there is linear reasoning under coordinate theory, forming a complex three-dimensional structure.

The text of a paper usually adopts the structural hierarchy of the third way (that is, the combination of straight-line reasoning and parallel reasoning).

8. Concluding remarks

The end should take care of the beginning and reflect the integrity of the full text. The seamless connection of the full text and the echo at the end can not only give people a sense of structural integrity, but also get the effect of summarizing the full text, highlighting the center and deepening the impression of readers. The ending can be divided into three types: summative ending, explanatory ending and conversational ending.

The words "conclusion" and "conclusion" don't have to be written in the text, it depends on the genre and content of the paper. The beginning of the reference should be an independent part, and there should be a blank line between it and the previous paragraph; If the last branch stops in classical Chinese, there is no need to leave a blank line, that is to say, the word stops and the full text has no end.

9. thank you

The words of thanks can be placed as footnotes at the bottom of the first page of the article or at the end of the article. Words of thanks should be sincere, concise and appropriate.

10. Reference

References (materials) are attached to the back of the paper, and more should be listed on the additional page, leaving at least the last four lines of the paper. There are two ways to cite documents in the paper: direct citation and indirect citation. Direct quotation of the original text requires quotation marks; Indirect speech is only a careless report, also called intentional speech, without quotation marks. For the content of the quoted article, be faithful to the original text, and don't take it out of context for my use; Can't be inconsistent and far-fetched; When writing a paper, the author should express his views on the quotation, that is, the attitude of approval or opposition.

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