1 Thinking and Analysis on the Application of Chinese Language and Literature Specialty
abstract
In this regard, this paper briefly discusses the problem of improving the application of Chinese language and literature specialty, and thinks about the specific implementation countermeasures.
Chinese language and literature major; Applicability; Comprehensive talents; Chinese
Literature major evolved from Chinese language and literature major, with rich cultural background, which can mold students' noble spiritual quality and humanistic feelings, and make students have good professional ethics, teamwork awareness and adjustment ability.
Secondly, Chinese language and literature majors make students have good problem analysis ability, innovative thinking ability and oral communication ability through the analysis and appreciation of language and the use of words.
These theoretical foundations and realistic conditions have laid a foundation for improving the application of Chinese language and literature specialty.
First, the characteristics of Chinese language and literature
(1) China has a long history of language and literature.
The Chinese language and literature major in China has a history of more than one hundred years since its establishment.
At present, China's famous universities, normal universities and colleges of arts and sciences all have Chinese language and literature majors. The main courses include modern Chinese, an introduction to China culture, literary theory, Marxist literary theory, modern and contemporary literature in China, foreign literature, aesthetics and writing.
After nearly a hundred years of reform and improvement of the education system, the teaching mode and curriculum of Chinese language and literature major have basically become mature and stable. It is one of the majors with the most cultural background and humanistic feelings among all majors in colleges and universities, and it is also a microcosm of the development process of our nation. It has rich connotation and unique charm. Fully tapping the hidden value of Chinese language and literature specialty can effectively promote the development and innovation of China's economy, culture and scientific research.
(B) Chinese language and literature majors to cultivate students' cultural literacy
As the main goal, both the current Chinese language and literature major and the previous Chinese language and literature major aim at cultivating students' cultural literacy, enriching students' cultural knowledge and conveying a large number of poets, writers and literary lovers to the society.
With the reform of education system and the orientation of social demand, many colleges and universities have set up related majors such as secretarial science and communication on the basis of Chinese language and literature. Secretarial science includes economic and trade secretarial science and medical secretarial science, and communication science is also divided into radio, film and television literature, Chinese language and literature and cultural communication.
These courses are designed to integrate Chinese language with other applied disciplines, which not only strengthens the cultural literacy of applied disciplines, but also enhances the social application value of Chinese language and literature major, and cultivates high-quality comprehensive talents with equal emphasis on ability and culture.
(C) The practicality of Chinese language and literature major is relatively weak
Chinese language and literature majors pay more attention to the accumulation of literary knowledge and the analysis and application of emotional experience. Its main teaching purpose is to improve students' cultural knowledge level, oral and written expression ability, explore students' truth, goodness and beauty, and inherit and carry forward the spiritual quality and lofty pursuit of the nation.
Therefore, the practicality of Chinese language and literature major is relatively weak, and it is more used in literary writing. These emotional experiences and spiritual pursuits on the ideological level are not combined with practice, so it seems? False, big and empty? Is it more demeaning? Groaning without illness? The main reason is that the practical application of Chinese language and literature specialty is poor, which can not meet the requirements of social development for people's comprehensive ability.
Second, improve the Chinese language and literature professional application ability of effective countermeasures
(A) improve the teaching system
First of all, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of the application concept of Chinese language and culture specialty in colleges and universities, so that students and teachers can improve their comprehensive ability with the development of society, and improve the practicability of Chinese language and culture while cultivating their cultural literacy; Secondly, we must strengthen the language and culture teachers in China.
Although the Chinese language and culture major in China has been rich in teachers after a hundred years of development, the society is always progressing and the reform of the teacher system is constantly improving. Therefore, the major of Chinese language and culture should be infused with fresh blood, which will bring vigorous development to the major and provide a theoretical basis for the practical value research of the major.
Finally, in the curriculum of Chinese language and culture major, we should also make reasonable arrangements, pay equal attention to cultural literacy and practical application, and vigorously expand applied language courses, such as business culture, international culture, workplace culture and so on.
(B) improve teaching methods
Can't the teaching of Chinese language and culture major be traditional? Instill? Teaching methods should be student-centered, guided by social needs, cultivate students' autonomy and enthusiasm, cultivate students' cultural literacy and improve students' ability to analyze and solve problems;
It is necessary to enrich teaching activities, cultivate students' interests and hobbies, and strengthen students' practical ability and innovation ability; At the same time, it is necessary to integrate new teaching concepts, introduce advanced technical equipment, and improve teaching quality by using multimedia equipment and electronic technology.
(C) change the student evaluation system
The traditional evaluation system of Chinese language and literature major generally consists of attendance, classroom performance, homework and final exam, which mainly judges students' learning quality and comprehensive quality by their papers, which greatly reduces the application of Chinese language and literature major.
Therefore, in addition to the written test scores, the evaluation system for students should also be comprehensively evaluated from the aspects of behavior, thinking ability, practical ability and flexible application ability, so as to effectively improve the teaching quality and application level of Chinese language and culture specialty.
Third, the conclusion
With the development of socio-economic globalization and global cultural integration, the application of Chinese language and literature has been improved. We should fully integrate Chinese language and literature into real life, transform literary theoretical knowledge into the ability to analyze problems and adjust the state in real life, and use appropriate language expression, noble personality charm and good professional ethics to ensure the smooth completion of application activities.
Author: Ai Unit: Taiyuan University of Technology
2 China language and literature to see the spread of business culture in China.
China has a long history of casting, represented by bronze casting in Shang Dynasty. Life and sacrificial castings provide an important basis for us to study Shang culture.
In particular, casting ritual vessels has an important historical position and research value.
Based on this, this paper focuses on the spread form of Shang cultural characteristics in casting ritual vessels, and analyzes the cultural spread expression of casting ritual vessels with Chinese language and literature as an important carrier.
Key words: casting ritual vessels; Chinese language and literature; range
The casting technology of bronze wares in Shang Dynasty (about 1600 BC-about 1046 BC) gradually matured.
The manufacturing technology of casting ritual vessels was the highest at that time, and the words left on the casting ritual vessels in Shang Dynasty became the entrance for us to interpret Shang culture.
Therefore, the author discusses the spread and inheritance of Shang culture in casting ritual vessels from the perspective of Chinese language and literature communication.
First, the development and technology of casting ritual vessels
The making of ritual vessels occupies a very important position in the history of ancient casting in China, becoming a symbol of state power and a typical symbol of ancient China culture.
(A) the origin and development of casting ritual vessels
Ritual vessels are specially made for nobles, and they are important supplies when they hold sacrificial ceremonies, funerals, expeditions, banquets and other activities.
Casting has a history of thousands of years in China, and most of the ancient casting techniques are embodied in the casting of ritual vessels.
And good casting technology, casting craftsmen, casting materials, etc. , mostly concentrated in big cities, mainly serving the nobility.
In the early days of the development of human society, the cast objects were mainly daily necessities, such as Ding and Hu, which were all prepared for eating and drinking.
With the maturity of casting technology, the technical difficulty is getting lower and lower, and the cast objects are becoming more and more utensils for ritual activities, and they begin to extend from practical objects to symbolic cultural goods.
In Shang dynasty, casting technology was more perfect and reached its heyday. Casting ritual vessels include ding and furnace. Used for offering sacrifices, welcoming guests, scoops, spoons, etc. Used in banquets, music and literary activities. Casting ritual vessels has become a symbol of ancient social and economic development and prosperity, as well as a symbol of the civilization of the times.
(2) Manufacturing technology of casting ritual vessels
Including ritual vessels, the casting process is basically the same.
The principle flow is: after the liquid is melted, it is poured into the corresponding mold, and after the solution is cooled and solidified, the corresponding shape can be obtained, and then it is finely processed to become daily necessities or ritual vessels.
The manufacturing process of casting ritual vessels generally needs three links: first, the manufacturing of molds.
Mainly according to the needs of ritual vessels, it is made of special materials such as sand and pottery.
The advantage of the mold is that it can be reused, and the finished products tend to be consistent in shape, size and details, which is suitable for the production and casting of a large number of standardized ritual vessels.
Then pour the solution.
The materials to be cast into ritual vessels are heated to a liquid state, poured into a mold with sufficient fluidity, and cooled to form the required vessel shape.
In Shang dynasty, the main raw materials used for casting were copper, iron and tin. Its advantages are wide sources, easy exploitation, low cost and low requirements for hot melt technology.
Finally, the work poured from the mold is processed and polished.
Take the cooled and solidified sacrificial vessel out of the mold, and polish the details to make its surface smooth and beautiful.
Although the principle and manufacturing process are basically the same.
However, we are not clear about the technical links in the production process of casting ritual vessels in Shang Dynasty and how to overcome some technical difficulties at that time. There are still many steps and details that we need to explore and dig constantly.
(C) the historical significance of casting ritual vessels
Many ritual vessels have been unearthed in the history of China. Through the interpretation of ritual vessels, it has become the main carrier for us to understand a period of history.
Therefore, casting ritual vessels is of great historical significance.
Mainly in the following three aspects.
1. Realistic significance The ancient production technology was single, and many means of production and living were very scarce.
Wood, pottery, etc. Relatively light, but they are not durable, easy to wear and structural damage.
The appearance of casting utensils makes people get more exquisite utensils in the process of eating and drinking, and also increases the service life of articles.
Therefore, casting ritual vessels was of great practical value at that time.
2. Artistic significance Whether it is the modeling of the casting ritual vessels or the patterns and patterns on the ritual vessels, it reflects the orientation and aesthetics of the mainstream art at that time.
It also reflected the exquisite artistic attainments of foundry craftsmen at that time and became an outstanding representative of the artistic level of ancient society.
This provides an important basis for us to study the thoughts, aesthetics, crafts and social culture of the ancients.
3. Cultural significance Casting ritual vessels represented the development level of social productive forces at that time, and also represented the mainstream consciousness of social culture at that time.
At the same time, the casting of ritual vessels had special cultural connotations for the society at that time.
It is also an important part of Chinese civilization.
For example, the tripod cast by Dayu represents the power of the country.
Muswuding in Shang Dynasty was an outstanding representative of Chinese civilization.
Second, the spread of Shang culture in casting ritual vessels
Casting ritual vessels not only has its own use value and symbolic significance, but also provides a media role for cultural communication, especially for Shang culture communication.
(A) the main content of corporate culture
The Shang Dynasty originated in Shang Tang and ended in Shang Zhouwang. It lasted about five centuries and was the second dynasty in the history of China.
As the representative of ancient slave society, Shang culture left a valuable cultural heritage for later generations, and it was an important historical dynasty with pioneering function in China history. Judging from the sites and cultural relics of Shang Dynasty unearthed at present, although we can't fully understand the culture of Shang Dynasty, it provides precious historical materials for us to understand the slave society.
1. In a narrow sense, Shang culture mainly includes Shang costumes, music, art, religion and so on.
In terms of clothing, up and down? The formation of basic clothing style has a far-reaching influence on later generations; Musically, due to the maturity of casting technology, there are bells, which enrich the musical equipment of Shang Dynasty. In terms of art, in addition to murals and rock paintings, there are colorful patterns, as well as ceramic works of art in various styles and colors; Totem culture continues to show the phenomenon of respecting ghosts and gods and ancestors.
2. Business culture in a broad sense From a broad perspective, the Shang Dynasty showed obvious characteristics of the times in politics, economy and military affairs.
Politically, because the Shang Dynasty was in the heyday of the ancient slave society, the ownership of land and slaves had obvious class characteristics, and there was a strict hierarchy between the ruling classes and between the ruling classes and slaves.
Economically, the continuous improvement of productivity has led to the emergence of surplus labor products and the gradual rise of trade, so that later people call it "? Businessman? ;
Militarily, the Shang dynasty not only had a complete military system and conscription system, but also a mature chariot and horse combat formation.
These are all manifestations of broad business culture.
(B) the spread of Shang culture in ritual vessels
Culture can be expressed in many ways in casting ritual vessels.
There are three main spreading forms of Shang culture in casting ritual vessels: shapes, figures and inscriptions.
1. The shape of the casting ritual vessel can directly reflect its function at that time.
For example, the shape of the tripod is trough-shaped. In the early days, it was a vessel for human consumption, and later it gradually became a symbol of sacrifice and state power.
This reflects the ancient times to some extent? People eat for the sky? The symbolic characteristics of the national power base.
Of course, there are also some tripods, scoops and welcome utensils. Three legs? It shows that in Shang dynasty, people have discovered the structure of triangle and know that triangle has the characteristics of stability.
Today, it has evolved into a cultural connotation.
2. The spread of graphics on casting ritual vessels, all kinds of graphics reflect the inclusiveness of Shang culture, especially images are widely used.
For example, in order to show respect for ghosts and gods and ancestors, the image of ghosts and gods was added to the casting ritual vessels of sacrifice. These images are usually fierce and fierce to produce a mysterious and serious influence; Another example is: casting animal images on the surface of the casting ritual vessels, depicting the characteristics of the farming society at that time, and reflecting the attention and domestication culture of the society at that time.
The most famous bronze square statue of four sheep represents the highest level of ancient bronze casting ritual vessels and the importance of sheep to people's lives at that time.
These are abstract expressions of Shang culture by casting patterns and patterns on ritual vessels.
3. The spreading form of inscriptions is the words on the casting ritual vessels, which are also called ""because they are mostly made of copper, iron, tin and other metals. Jin Wen? .
The inscriptions on the casting ritual vessels mainly include the lettering in the early stage of casting and the lettering after the fabrication of the ritual vessels.
Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty were mainly cast characters.
Inscriptions can directly describe what happened at that time, such as the words of the emperor or the most intuitive written records of state affairs, which has become the most direct and powerful expression of Shang culture.