How to appreciate the main types and distinguishing methods of composition and reading questions;

First, the narrative reading rules

1. The function of scenery description: to render the atmosphere, contrast the emotions of the characters, promote the development of the plot, show the quality of the characters and contrast the central meaning.

2. The function of description method: to express the character and reflect the theme of the work.

3. The role of metaphor, personification and other rhetoric: the rhetoric of … is used to write …

4. The role of parallelism: enhance the expressive force of language and vivid writing. ...

5. The role of rhetorical questions: strengthen the tone, cause the following, connecting the preceding with the following.

6. The role of rhetorical questions: arouse the reader's attention and thinking, lead to the following, connecting the preceding with the following.

7. The function of the topic: summarize the content, reveal the theme and prompt clues.

8. The role of the first paragraph:

(1) environmental description: point out the location and environment where the story takes place, and lead to the following to pave the way for the development of the following plot.

(2) Others: Start with the topic, lay the emotional tone of the full text, guide the full text or cause the following, and pave the way for the development of the following plot.

9. The role of the middle sentence: the excessive role of connecting the preceding with the following.

10. The function of concluding argumentative sentences: summarize the full text, take care of the beginning, point out the center and deepen the theme.

1 1. Narrative order: direct narration, flashback and interpolation.

12. The writer's personal advantage: the first person is authentic, the second person is cordial and natural, and the third person can be described from multiple angles, regardless of time and space.

13. The forms of narrative clues: objects, characters, changes in thoughts and feelings, changes in time and place, and central events.

14. Ways to find clues: title, a recurring word or thing, lyrics comments.

15. The appreciation of sentence paragraphs is considered from three aspects: content (what is written, what is unique in the selection of materials), form (writing method, language characteristics, rhetoric) and emotion (social value, significance and function of the article, etc.). )

Two. Explanatory text

I. Classification

1. From the description object: the description of things and the description of things.

2. From the language characteristics of expository writing: simple expository writing and vivid expository writing.

Second, the order of interpretation.

Chronological order, spatial order, logical order.

Specific scores of logical order: subject-time, cause-effect, phenomenon-essence, feature-use, general-individual, generalization-concrete, whole-part.

Typical question: What is the order of interpretation in this article? What's the role?

Standardized answer format: In this article, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ is used to explain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

Third, the method of explanation.

1, the common interpretation methods are: example, classification, definition, imitation, explanation, analogy, numbers, charts and quotations.

2, the role of common methods:

Example: Explain the characteristics/reasons of things by giving specific examples, so as to make the explanation more specific and convincing.

(2) Classification: Explain the characteristics/reasons of things in different categories to make the explanation more organized.

③ Comparison: Compare the differences between _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

4. Explanation: Explain the characteristics/reasons of things in detail to make the explanation easier to understand.

⑤ analogy method: compare _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

⑥ Imitation: Vividly describe the characteristics/events of things, so as to make the explanation more specific.

⑦ Definition: To reveal the object/science in concise and scientific language, so as to reveal the characteristics/science of things more scientifically, essentially and generally.

⑧ Enumeration of figures: explain the characteristics/facts of things with specific data, so as to make the explanation more accurate and convincing.

⑨ Charting: Explain the characteristics/events of things by means of charts to make the explanation more concise and intuitive.

⑩ Quotation: Quotation has the following forms-

First, cite specific cases; (The function is the same as the example)

B, citing specific data; (Functions in the same column)

C. quote famous sayings, aphorisms and proverbs; The function is to make the explanation more convincing.

D. quote myths and legends, news reports, riddles, anecdotes, etc. The function is to enhance the interest of the explanation.

(The reference description is at the beginning of the article, which also leads to the description object. )

Fourthly, the language analysis of expository writing.

1, the analysis of the whole language is generally from two angles: a, accuracy; B, vivid or concise.

A is the same feature of general expositions.

B is from the perspective of different language styles. To evaluate the language characteristics of the whole article, we must combine the specific content of the article, for example, we can choose a sentence as an example.

The standard answer format is as follows: This paper fully embodies the accurate/vivid/concise characteristics of Chinese, such as the sentence "……", which accurately/vividly/concisely explains the characteristics/facts of things, and there are many similar examples.

2. Comments on specific articles/sentences/words

The function of the article/sentence is basically the same as above.

The function of words has the following exam forms:

A, what is the function of adding words?

B, can you change the word?

C. Add some words that can be deleted?

This kind of question often needs to be answered in combination with the characteristics of the accuracy of the interpretation language (sometimes reflecting the vividness of the language). The second kind of questions need to compare the differences in answers. The third kind of problems need to add expressions such as "deletion does not conform to people's understanding of objective things or does not conform to objective facts".

An analysis of explanatory writing of verbs (abbreviation of verb)

1, combined with interpretation method

Normative answer mode is as follows:

The main explanation method adopted in this paper is ... to explain ... (content: the characteristics of things or things) so as to explain ... (function: refer to the previous explanation method to clarify its function)

2, combined with rhetoric.

Normative answer mode is as follows:

This is a vivid explanatory article, which uses a lot of rhetorical devices to explain ... (content), making the explanation of the article vivid.

3, combined with expressions.

Narration and description make the description more specific; Expressing opinions makes explanations more emotional. Then, from this point of view, the writing of the explanation is analyzed, and the standard format of the answer is as follows:

In this paper, a variety of expressions are comprehensively used, besides explanation, there are also … (selected from "narration, description, explanation and discussion" according to the content), such as … (specific examples), that is, the use of … (expression) makes the explanation more concrete/emotional.

Sixth, explain the function of paragraphs.

There are three angles to answer this question:

(1), structure, content and function: lead out the following, connect the preceding with the following, and summarize the full text/previous article.

Sometimes at the beginning of the article, it also plays the role of drawing out the object/reason.

(2), combined with interpretation.

Explain … (features or things) by the method of explanation of …, so as to explain … (functions).

Third, argumentative writing

Argumentative writing is much simpler. The key is to find the central argument.

Method: Look at the beginning and the end, if not, you can summarize it yourself.

Analysis and argumentation methods: truth argumentation, fact argumentation, metaphor argumentation and contrast argumentation.

Differentiated argumentation: the combination of argumentation, refutation and theoretical refutation