Like many Asian and European countries, Poland was inhabited by humans as early as the Paleolithic Age.

Joint map of the kingdom of Poland and the principality of Lithuania

/kloc-in the mid-20th century, after the death of Boleslaw III Krzywousty (1 102 reigned until 1 138 reigned), due to the development of feudal land ownership by princes, nobles and churches and the rise of cities, the whole country was divided into several principalities, and Poland entered a feudal separatist period of 200 years. Vadiswav I (reigned from 13 14 to 1333) unified Great Poland, Little Poland and Kuyawei, and was crowned king of Poland in Krakow in 1320. Kazemiri III (in the reign of 1333 ~ 1370) reunified Mazzovski, but Xibomori and Dongbomori were also occupied by Brandenburg and Teutonic Knights respectively. Silesia was occupied by the Bohemian royal family. In order to resist the invasion of Teutonic Knights, the Polish Kingdom and the Lithuanian Grand Duchy signed an alliance treaty in clervaux on 1385. The Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania joined the dynasty through marriage, and the Grand Duke of Lithuania, Wadysaw II Jagiellonow Iagulo, was the king of Poland. Under the influence of Poland, most Lithuanians also converted to Roman Catholicism. 14 10, the allied forces led by Poland and Lithuania, consisting of Poles, Lithuanians, Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Czechs-Moravians, Wallachians, Tatars and magyars, dealt a devastating blow to the Teutonic Order in the Battle of grunwald, destroying Germans, French and Swiss. The battle consolidated Poland-Lithuania's status as a great power, and the victory of the battle was also a symbol of the United struggle of Slavic and Baltic nations. 1466, Poland recovered rich Dongpo Mori from the Germans, and the recovery of Dongpo Mori centered on Gdansk stimulated the export of Polish grain. Noble manors have set up labor manors to produce commodity grain, and handicraft workshops have begun to appear in towns. During the Alguero dynasty, Poland was politically clear and its national strength was strong. From then on, Poland began its heyday, which was called "golden age" by Polish historians. Polish Lithuanian Federation

History of the Lithuanian Federation in Poland (1569–1648)

16-17th century, Poland was the territory of Lithuania, and Poland was one of the most powerful countries in Europe at that time.

The kingdom alliance composed of Poland and Lithuania has never formed a unified centralized country, but a formal national alliance. 1505, the parliament passed the constitution, stipulating that the king has no right to issue laws without the consent of the parliament. Thus weakening the royal power and inviting foreign interference, at this time, the eastern Moscow Principality began to become powerful, and the Tatar cavalry under its rule seriously threatened the survival of the Polish-Lithuanian alliance. Facing the aggressive expansion of Moscow, in order to strengthen the royal power, the parliaments of Poland and Lithuania passed a resolution in lublin on 1569 to establish a unified Polish Republic, namely the lublin Union and the Republic of Lithuania. Poland is a vast country after reunification. At the peak of 16 18, the territory reached1000000 square kilometers, much larger than that of Poland now. The Republic of China is a multi-ethnic serfdom country, ruling many ethnic groups in Eastern Europe, such as Poland, Lithuania, Czech-Moravia, Wallachia, Madzar, Tatar, Ukraine, Belarus, Russia and Czech Republic.

/kloc-in the second half of the 7th century, Polish serfdom entered a crisis stage, and Cossacks led by Khmelnitski held a national uprising in Ukraine on 1648. The ruling class also fell apart. 1652, big noble forced the parliament to pass the right of free veto. 1654, Russia declared war on Poland and annexed Ukraine east of Dnieper River in 1657. At the beginning of the Northern War, Poland was forced to follow Russia in the war. 1655 Poland-Sweden War broke out, and Poland lost part of its territory. 1733 to 1735, Russia, Austria, France, Spain and Sardinia fought for control of Poland (the war of succession to the throne of Poland), which seriously damaged Poland's sovereignty and national economy. Poland's golden age ended not only because of a series of wars after the 1960s, but also because of the wars in the first half of the 1960s.

The political system of the First Republic of Poland is very special, which is called "aristocratic democracy". This system has two pillars, one is called free election of the king, and the king is elected by the nobility. Anyone who is not a noble has no democratic power; One is called free veto. As long as one member of parliament objects, the bill cannot be passed. Liu Zuxi, a Polish historical researcher, believes that true democracy is based on the minority obeying the majority, so this aristocratic democracy has caused extreme democracy and anarchy in Poland. This also led to the discussion of controversial issues, which led to the failure to reflect the will of the country, which was also an important factor for Poland's eventual demise due to the division by neighboring autocratic empires.

The embodiment of aristocratic democracy: the aristocratic election of 1573.

/kloc-in the second half of the 0/8th century, capitalism sprouted in the relations of production in Poland. Under the influence of the Enlightenment in Western Europe, small and medium-sized aristocrats and emerging bourgeoisie launched patriotic innovation movements, but they were intervened by Russian Queen Catherine II. 1772, Russia, Prussia and Austria carved up Poland for the first time. Under the influence of the French Revolution, the Polish people pushed the innovation movement to a climax. 1791May 3, Poland's four-year parliament passed the May 3 constitution, which abolished the right of free veto and was the earliest constitution in Europe. Catherine II once again intervened militarily in Poland. 1793, Russia and Prussia divided Poland for the second time. 1794, the Polish people held an uprising under the leadership of the national hero Kosciusko, which was later suppressed by Russia. From 65438 to 0795, Russia, Poland and Austria divided Poland for the third time.