abstract

：

The driver's visual characteristics have a direct and inevitable relationship with road traffic safety.

,

From vision

,

field of vision

,

Color vision

feel

,

Shi Ming

Adaptation and dark adaptation

,

Try to see obstacles and night vision. , and detailed analysis of motor vehicle drivers.

Visual characteristics of traffic safety

The influence of

,

For car designers,

,

Drivers and road engineering designers

Provides a reference.

.

key word

：

driver

,

visual characteristic

,

driving safety

,

Psychological effect

In the driver's sensory system

,

Vision is particularly important.

.

studies have shown

,

Information obtained by driver's vision

Of all the information,

80%

exceed

,

therefore

,

In the process of driving

,

The driver's visual ability is directly related.

To the driver's driveway

for

,

It plays a decisive role in driving safety.

.

Study on driver's visual characteristics and eye movement

,

Many achievements have been made at home and abroad.

.

Especially recently.

year

,

Many famous universities and research institutions abroad have done a lot of work in this field.

Continue research

.

The research content mainly

It is a single feature of driver's vision.

(

Such as the driver's attention quality.

,

look

consciousness

,

Fatigue state

,

Reaction time, etc

)

The study of ...

,

Visual characteristics caused by age difference and road traffic

Therefore, the relationship between analysis and judgment.

,

For a particular road

Driver's Visual Search Mode in Traffic Environment

And perceptual behavior.

.

By studying and mastering the research at home and abroad

,

It can be found that most of the research focuses on

Research on static visual characteristics and dynamic visual characteristics under virtual scene conditions

,

launch

Real intersection

There is little research on dynamic visual characteristics under general scene conditions.

,

The reason is that, on the one hand, this kind of research has the characteristics of instruments.

You can ask

very high

,

It is easy to be dangerous to test in real traffic environment.

,

Therefore, it is difficult to learn.

.

1

Vision and Road Traffic Safety

Vision is the ability of the eyes to recognize tiny details of objects.

.

The driver's vision is divided into static vision and kinesthetic vision.

force

.

Static vision is good.

It is a person's vision when he is still.

.

The driver's vision in driving is called

Dynamic vision

.

In actual driving

,

Dynamic visual acuity is generally lower than static vision.

10%

~

20%

About; In all parts of; about

[ 1] ,

especially

Even lower than static vision.

Thirty percent

~

40% .

Have research

The results show that

,

In the process of driving

,

By car

The improvement of driving speed

,

The driver's eyes moved forward.

,

Narrow one's vision

,

week

A lower sense of boundary is a visual field defect.

,

idea

Traffic information cannot be perceived in the taste defect area.

,

The decrease of visual field sensitivity indicates that the ability of visual area to perceive information is reduced.

,

extreme

Easily cause traffic accidents

[2] .

The factor that affects the dynamic visual characteristics is the relative motion speed.

,

age

,

Color and illumination of the target

,

way

Road and its environment, etc.

.

studies have shown

,

With the increase of relative motion speed

,

Minimum distinguishable visual angle increment of human eyes

big

,

The perception ability of dynamic vision decreases.

.

therefore

,

Control the speed of the vehicle

,

Especially in complex sections.

It is very necessary to control the speed.

.

Due to the dynamic visual characteristics

It is a complete combination of all visual and ocular muscle systems.

,

The influence of age is very obvious.

.

Static vision comes from

46

~

50

From 18 years old

There are obvious individual differences.

,

have

The trend of significant decline and normal decline

;

Dynamic vision comes from

36

~

40

18 years old began to decline significantly.

.

Yes, age.

A bigger driver

(

Especially professional drivers.

)

Reasonable restrictions must be imposed.

.

The color of the target object is dynamic.

Sleep, too

significant impact

.

Under static state

,

The human eye is the least sensitive to blue.

.

But in sports,

,

Dark visual condition

under

,

Blue target

Compared with other colors, it is easy to be recognized.

And under bright visual conditions

,

Blue target and other colors

There is no obvious difference in color.

.

destination object

Lighting will also affect the driver's dynamic vision.

,

studies have shown

,

keep one's body unmoved

Under the horizon

five

~

10

m

The Influence of Candlelight on dynamic visual acuity

under

125

m

Visual effects of candlelight matches.

.

usually

,

The stronger the illumination, the easier it is for the object to be perceived by the driver's dynamic vision.

.

When the driver collects while driving,

Yes, information

80%

The above is the road information.

,

So the better the road conditions.

,

Driver's movement

The easier it is to capture the national vision.

Capture the required information

.

For wild roads

,

Horizontal landscape is monotonous and repetitive.

,

This is easy to cause.

"

Road hypnosis

"

phenomenon

,

Make the driver have dynamic visual fatigue.

,

Affect driving safety

.

2

Vision and Road Traffic Safety

The spatial range where the eyes can see directly in front is called the field of vision.

.

The field of vision is often expressed in terms of angle.

.

one

There is usually a quiet view.

The division of dynamic vision

.

When the head and eyeball are fixed.

,

Look ahead, look.

The spatial range of is called static field of view.

.

one

Total static visual field of normal eyes

：

The vertical direction is about

1 10 ~

130 (about above the horizon)

50 ~ 60, probably below.

60 ~ 70), about in the horizontal direction.

180 (the medial visual fields of both eyes overlap about.

60, the outside of each.

90). The head is fixed

Standing still

,

Freedom of eyeball

The spatial range that can be seen by rotation is called dynamic field of view.

.

The dynamic field of vision in the horizontal and left-right directions is similar to the static field of vision.

Gezeng

extensive

15, vertical direction

：

About the growth on the horizon

10, the dynamic field of vision and static field of vision are larger below the horizon.

Zhitong

.

The driver's field of vision is closely related to the driving speed.

,

With the increase of vehicle speed

,

Forward gaze point

,

Visual field change

narrow

,

field of vision

See table for the relationship with vehicle speed.

1.

The higher the driving speed.

,

The farther the driver looks.

,

The narrower the field of vision.

,

Attention is then directed to the center of the scene.

Place both sides and

neglect

,

Thus, the so-called tunnel view was formed.

.

besides

,

During the driving process of the car

,

Roadside scenery

Relative to the driver's eyes

If the rotation angle of is greater than

At a speed of 72/ s

,

This scene is not clear on the retina.

Imaging based on

,

Feeling fuzzy

.

therefore

,

The higher the speed, the less you can see the scenery near the roadside.

.

therefore

,

set up

When considering highways.

(

Especially the highway.

) ,

We should take a closed approach.

,

No pedestrians and non-pedestrians.

Motor vehicle entry lane

,

Avoid crisis

.

According to this law

,

highway

Traffic signs should be set up on the streets.

Above the driveway

.

three

Color vision and road traffic safety

Many signals in traffic environment are expressed and transmitted by colors.

,

Such as traffic signals

,

Traffic signal

,

transmit

Mark line sum

Interior instrument

,

Lighting, etc

.

Colors can be divided into two categories.

,

I.e. achromatic.

(

Ruhei

,

White and various grays.

)

and

chromatic

(

Like a power outage

,

White and all colors except gray.

) .

Colors have tones.

,

Brightness and saturation are three basic categories.

nature

.

For achromatic color, people can only distinguish it according to its lightness.

Right?

In color, people can change from hue.

,

Brightness and saturation

Discrimination of three characteristics of degree

.

A few people can't tell.

One color or two colors.

,

The discrimination of color forms an obstacle.

,

Thereby affecting the driver's driving.

safe

,

But also prone to traffic accidents.

.