1, argument-accurately extract or summarize the central argument.

(1) The central argument generally has the following characteristics: ① It is a complete sentence in form and a complete statement of the author's point of view. The second is clear judgment. ③ Don't use rhetoric and interrogative words.

(2) Identify the argument: look at the topic (the topic is the argument); Second, look at the beginning (straight to the point); Third, look at the end (summarizing the full text, revealing the center at the end of the text); Fourth, look for positive statements about the topic and the author's main points, or look for suggestive words ("anyway", "so" and so on. ).

(3) It is necessary to distinguish between the central argument and the sub-argument: the sub-argument is generally located at the beginning of a paragraph or symbolic words: the sub-argument is used to prove the sub-argument.

2. Structure-divide the structure and level of argumentative writing.

The overall structure of argumentative writing can be roughly divided into three parts: asking questions (what is an introduction)-analyzing questions (why is this theory)-solving problems (how to draw conclusions). In the process of argumentation, there are several common forms: (1) coordinates. (2) contrast type. (3) Step by step. (4) Total score formula.

3. Argumentative method-differentiate and analyze argumentative method and understand its function.

Demonstration: To demonstrate the viewpoint of ... concretely and forcefully.

Reasoning: To demonstrate the point of view of fully and forcefully.

Contrastive argument: discuss from both positive and negative aspects, and highlight the viewpoint of ….

Metaphorical argument: to prove vividly the point of view of.

Sometimes there is more than one argument in a paragraph, so we must find them all.

Among them, comparative argumentation is a comprehensive argumentation method, which can include comparison of facts, comparison of truth and comparison of figurative sentences with opposite effects.

4. Analysis-the meaning and function of keywords and sentences.

Answering such questions should be related to the content of the article, especially to the central argument of the article; Second, we should combine the context and try to figure out its specific meaning.

Function: (1) Function of argument: Elaborate or demonstrate argument. (2) It has the following effects: making the argument more rigorous.

5. Reference-What do these aspects, such as this situation and the same truth, refer to?

Generally refers to the sentence before the pronoun, find the nearest sentence. Sometimes it should be noted that it may not be the whole sentence, but a part.

6. Imitate-write one or two more sentences according to the given sentences.

(1) Look at the sentence pattern; (2) Look at rhetoric; (3) look at the number of words; (4) Look at the meaning.

7. Expand-supplement factual arguments or rational arguments that can prove the arguments in the text; Talk about your own views, etc.

(1) Supplementary factual arguments: Requirements: ① true, ② typical, ③ fresh, ④ full, generally narrated (who+event+result), close to the arguments.

(2) Supplementary arguments: including famous aphorisms, folk proverbs and famous poems and sentences, should have certain authority. The quotation should be complete and accurate.