Grape stems are vine-shaped, with the characteristics of slender, tough, loose tissue, light and soft texture and rapid growth. There are tendrils for climbing, usually called branches or vines. Grape vine is composed of trunk, main vine, lateral vine, fruiting mother branch, new branches of the year and secondary branches. The trunk is the trunk (old vine), which no longer stretches and grows, but keeps thickening. The branches of the trunk are called main vines, and the growth of the main vines is closely related to the knot strength. The stronger the main vine, the stronger the knot strength. Annual branches with leaves are called new shoots, which remain green all the time during the growth period, but gradually turn reddish brown about 10 days before the fruit matures and matures into annual branches. The annual branches of the following year become biennial branches and then become perennial branches. The new branches with inflorescences are called fruiting branches, the new branches without inflorescences are called developing branches, and the branches that germinate that year are called secondary branches. New branches and secondary branches lose their leaves in winter, and this autumn mature branch is collectively called current branch or annual branch. One-year-old branches are kept as fruiting branches in the next year after pruning, which is called fruiting mother branches.

The growth of new shoots consumes a lot of nutrients, so it is necessary to control the growth of new shoots and concentrate nutrients on reproductive growth. Repeated coring of new shoots can make more than 80% of new shoots reach the diameter of 0.7 ~ 1 cm, which can significantly promote the maturity of new shoots, flower bud differentiation and improve cold resistance.