I. Linguistic typology

English is a subject-first language, which attaches great importance to sentence structure, which is embodied in the following aspects: the subject is indispensable, so even if the subject has no semantic function, it must exist, even if it is a "fake" subject. The predicate should be consistent with the subject in person and quantity.

Chinese is a topic-oriented language, with more emphasis on situations. By setting the situation to convey information, the sentence structure is loose and sometimes there is no subject.

Second, different ways of thinking.

In terms of expression, Chinese pays more attention to circuitous and gradual progress, connecting the past with the future, and often gives reasons before drawing conclusions, while English is more straightforward.

Explain the reasons first, and then express your opinions. English is more about expressing opinions before giving reasons. This is the difference between the two kinds of thinking.

Third, how long sentences are there in English and how short sentences are there in Chinese.

Because English is a language ruled by law, as long as there is no structural error, often a long sentence can express many meanings; China people are just the opposite. Because it is "rule by man", the meaning is expressed directly through words, and different meanings are often expressed through different short sentences.

Fourth, there are many English clauses and many Chinese clauses.

English sentences can not only make sentences longer by using long modifiers in simple sentences, but also make sentences more complicated by using clauses, which are often connected with the main clause or other clauses through clause guides. Although the whole sentence is complicated on the surface, it is a whole.

Chinese likes to use short sentences with loose expression structure, so clauses in English sentences often become clauses when translated into Chinese.

5. Noun components such as subject and object are "more English pronouns and more Chinese nouns". In sentences, English uses nouns and prepositions, while Chinese uses verbs.

English has not only personal pronouns such as us, you, him and them, but also relative pronouns such as that and which. In long and complicated sentences, many pronouns are often used in English in order to make the sentence structure correct, the semantics clear and avoid repetition in expression.

Although there are pronouns in Chinese, due to the relatively loose structure and short sentences, too many pronouns cannot be used in Chinese, and the use of nouns often makes the semantics clearer.

English is more passive and Chinese is more active.

English prefers to use passive voice, especially scientific English. Although there are words such as "Bei" and "You" in Chinese, these expressions are far less common than the passive voice in English, so the passive voice in English often becomes active in Chinese translation.