Generally speaking, papers refer to argumentative papers, and there are research works. In academic circles, it generally refers to articles with high academic content. The paper is a written work formed by the author according to his own achievements, experiences and understandings in scientific research, clinic and teaching, and after strict logical argumentation and standardization. It is the most typical and representative style in the article.

Monograph refers to a special research topic, which is another name of a work, and its final academic achievement appears in the form of a book.

Second, the number of words

The number of words in the thesis is relatively small, generally around 3000-8000 words; However, there are as few as 40,000 or 50,000 monographs, and as many as tens of thousands or hundreds of thousands.

Third, the identification standard

At present, there are no standards and methods to identify "papers" in China. General papers refer to the Vancouver paper format in scientific research papers, and the full text consists of Chinese and English abstracts, keywords, preface, materials (materials) and methods, results, discussions and references. It is a structured abstract, including four parts: purpose, method, result and conclusion. Papers that meet the above conditions are generally regarded as "papers", which is a common form of expression in medical papers.

Monographs have formed a clear system and standardized writing format. In terms of format, the format of monograph is more complicated than that of treatise.