1. What is Hakka architecture?
Many people don't know what Hakka architecture is or where it is located. In fact, Hakka architecture embodies the wisdom of China residents when they build their own houses. It has unique charm, mainly distributed in Fujian, Guangdong, Jiangxi and other places. Generally speaking, Hakka architecture is rich and colorful. Influenced by China's traditional thought, Hakka architecture, like buildings in other parts of China, attaches great importance to water distribution, lighting and other factors, so they usually go to places with good feng shui, and then sit facing south.
2. Introduction of Hakka architectural style.
Circular plane layout of the central axis of quadrangles. A major feature of Hakka architecture is that it is generally built in the form of architectural layout with symmetrical central axis.
Clever use of the natural environment, architecture and environment are integrated. Hakka architecture does not want to conquer the natural environment, but tries to cater to and adapt to the natural environment, which also makes Hakka architecture have good effects in ventilation, lighting, drainage and disaster prevention. Live in harmony with the environment.
Hakka buildings are mostly low-rise buildings. Hakka buildings are generally about 1-3 floors, and there will be no high floors. On the one hand, it is related to the building technology at that time, on the other hand, it is also related to building materials. Building materials are mainly wood and stone, and the roof of the building is generally a large slope roof, which is also convenient for drainage.
Hakka architecture is closed. Although Hakka architecture is interconnected internally, it is closed to the outside world, which is related to the public security at that time. In many places, there are no doors to communicate with the outside world, only windows can be photographed.
Tulou is a collective building built with soil as the wall, which is round, semi-circular, square, quadrilateral, pentagonal, chair-shaped and dustpan-shaped. , and each has its own characteristics, of which the round one is the most eye-catching, and the locals call it round building or round village.
Tulou is a collective building, and its biggest feature lies in its large shape. No matter from a distance or in front of us, the earth building is shocking with its huge single building, and its volume is the largest among the residential buildings. The most common round building in the earth building we visited is about 50 meters in diameter and three or four stories high. There are more than 100 houses, which can accommodate 30 to 40 families and 200 to 300 people. The Dayuan Building can reach 70-80 meters in diameter, with five or six floors and four or five hundred houses, which can accommodate seven or eight hundred people. Earth buildings and residential buildings reflect the folk customs of Hakka people living in compact communities.
There are many types of Hakka earth buildings, one of which is the system of upper, middle and lower halls arranged in depth along the central axis. This kind of earth building, the lower hall is generally the entrance and exit, placed in the front; The nave is in the center, which is a place for family gatherings and welcoming guests. Shangtang is the innermost place where ancestral tablets are enshrined. In addition to the unique structure, the window sill, porch and cornice inside the earth building are also extremely gorgeous and exquisite, which is really a wonderful work in China residential buildings. ? There are three typical Hakka earth buildings: Wufeng Building, Square Building and Yuan House. On the whole, Wufeng Tower, centered on the three halls, contains obvious inferiority complex. To be sure, it is the continuation and development of the ancient courtyard layout in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, the birthplace of Chinese culture. In its group combination, only the upper hall (main hall) at the end of the central axis adopts a heavy rammed earth bearing wall.
The layout of the square building is similar to that of Wufeng Building, but its thick earth wall extends from the upper room to the whole periphery. Obviously, its defense has been greatly strengthened. Yuan Zhai, as far as its name is concerned, shows two characteristics. On the one hand, in the circular building, three halls have been hidden, and the priority of ranking has been seriously weakened; On the other hand, Zhai is a fortress, and its defense function rises to the first place, becoming an extremely effective paramilitary project. Hakka tulou architecture has many advantages, such as full economy, good firmness, wonderful physics, outstanding defensiveness, unique artistry and so on.
Seeing this, I believe everyone has a certain understanding of Hakka architectural style. As a form of architecture in China, Hakka architecture is still worth knowing. The above mainly introduces some basic information and styles of Hakka architecture, so that friends who are interested in Hakka architecture can have a deeper understanding. I hope this article will be helpful to everyone.