1. Its main manifestation is discussion, that is, using concepts, judgments and reasoning to show the author's point of view and clarify the truth; Or refute other people's wrong views and point out their fallacies. So, it is convincing. As Mr. Ye Shengtao said: "Argumentative writing is successful only by persuading others." Chen Wangdao also pointed out: "The main purpose of argumentative writing is to make people believe in the author's judgment."
2. Its basic structure consists of three parts: argument, argument and argumentation, which is the so-called "three elements" of discussion. The most common way to put forward an argument is to put it at the beginning of an article, then analyze and demonstrate it in layers, and finally draw a conclusion, that is, to form such a model: put forward a question (argument)-analyze a question (argument)-solve a question (conclusion), but there are also some articles that don't put the argument at the beginning, and quite a few of them are put in the middle or at the end. This will vary from text to text.
3. Its language is mainly discussion, and there are also narratives, explanations and lyricism, all of which serve for discussion. The language of argumentative writing pays attention to abstraction, generality and preciseness, and its expression requires accuracy, pertinence and distinctiveness. [2] Reading methods of argumentative essays According to the above characteristics, to master the reading methods of argumentative essays, we should pay attention to the following points:
1. Find out the central argument of the full text and grasp the center of the article.
Argument is the basic viewpoint put forward by the author in the article, and it is also the central issue expounded in his article, and the central argument is the core of the author's viewpoint. Reading the paper, I caught the central point of the article, that is, I caught the "bull's nose". From then on, it is easier to analyze the carding structure and grasp the full text.
The central arguments of argumentative essays vary from article to article, mostly at the beginning of the article, but they are not the same. It is generally easier to grasp what is placed at the beginning, but we should also be careful when examining whether it is the central argument. We have to read the full text to confirm. Finally, sub-arguments are often put forward first, discussed at different levels, and finally the central argument is summarized. In this kind of article, there is often a process of putting forward opinions. After some argumentation, we will put forward the central argument, generally argumentative and post-reading articles, thus adopting this method. Other central arguments are implied in the argument and need to be summarized by readers. This kind of article is difficult to read, and it needs to study the relationship between the article and the topic well before it can be summarized. Many times, the topic is often the central argument of this kind of article. No matter where it is placed, readers can find the central argument as long as they pay attention to the topic, the position of the argument, the paragraphs after the discussion and the hierarchical structure.
2. Search for arguments and understand the skills of choosing argument materials around arguments.
The function of argument is to prove the correctness of the viewpoint or refute the wrong viewpoint. Therefore, arguments and arguments are inseparable, and arguments should be typical, scientific or factual and powerful. When reading an argumentative essay, after grasping the argument, we should analyze whether the argument is consistent with the argument, whether the argument can prove the argument, and the reliability and correctness of the argument. In short, it is necessary to reveal the internal relationship between arguments, that is, views and materials, and see if arguments can be sufficient reasons for the existence of arguments. Special attention: some articles are divided into several small arguments to explain the central argument, and those small arguments are also the arguments of the central argument. Knowing the relationship between the argument and the central argument, we can also know the author's material selection skills.
3. Analyze the argumentation process and grasp the structure of the article.
As mentioned above, the basic framework of argumentative writing is: asking questions, analyzing problems and solving problems, that is, "syllogism proof procedure". However, according to the needs of content and problems, different articles often evolve into various structural ways, such as juxtaposition, progression, total score, comparison and synthesis. Therefore, when reading an argumentative essay, we should pay attention to analyzing its argumentation process, grasping its thinking and combing its structure. The analysis structure has two key points: one is the analysis of paragraphs and levels, and the other is the application of analysis and argumentation methods. When analyzing the paragraph level, first look at where the article completes the task of asking questions; Where to start analyzing the problem; Where to end, draw a conclusion. When analyzing problems, we should also pay attention to the application of argumentation methods. For example, some paragraphs focus on the use of factual examples, some paragraphs focus on quoting famous sayings and aphorisms, and some paragraphs focus on explaining the truth. Another thing to note is that the opening sentence of a paragraph is often the key, so we should firmly grasp it, analyze it and recognize it. In short, after the above analysis of the article, in general, the structure and ideas of the article are very clear, and finally a structural system diagram can be summarized.
4. Pay attention to the role of non-discussion elements in the article.
Although the language of argumentative writing is mainly discussion, it also uses other expressions and some non-discussion elements. Especially prose. For example, some examples need to be described, some facts need to be described, some writing reasons and characteristics need to be explained, and feelings such as love, hate and hatred need to be expressed through lyric. Paying attention to reading these components can help you understand the essence of the argument more accurately and concretely.
The reading method mentioned above is the general argumentative essay, which is a big category, including several different categories, such as political papers, refuting papers, academic papers, essays and so on. , and each has its own characteristics. Therefore, on the basis of mastering these requirements, we should make appropriate changes according to the different characteristics of different types of articles.