Keywords: building a new socialist countryside urbanization relationship
Significance of building a new socialist countryside
Building a new socialist countryside is a concentrated expression of the basic ideas and ideas of the CPC Central Committee to comprehensively implement Scientific Outlook on Development and solve the "three rural issues" since the 16th National Congress, a new concept to solve the "three rural issues" and a new measure to realize socialist agricultural modernization and further promote rural urbanization.
The Outline of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development points out that to build a new socialist countryside, we must adhere to the basic strategy of coordinating urban and rural economic and social development, actively and steadily promote urbanization, and at the same time, steadily and steadily promote the construction of new countryside in accordance with the requirements of production development, affluent life, civilized rural customs, clean village appearance and democratic management.
Production development-promoting the construction of modern agriculture and strengthening the industrial support for the construction of new socialist countryside. Vigorously improve the innovation and transformation ability of agricultural science and technology; Strengthen the construction of modern rural circulation system; Stable development of grain production; Actively promote the adjustment of agricultural structure; Develop agricultural industrialization management; Accelerate the development of circular agriculture.
Well-off life-promoting farmers' continuous income increase and consolidating the economic foundation of building a new socialist countryside. Broaden the channels of increasing farmers' income; Safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of migrant farmers; Stabilize, improve and strengthen the direct subsidy policy for agriculture and farmers; Strengthen poverty alleviation and development. Civilization of rural customs-accelerating the development of compulsory education in rural areas and carrying out skills training for rural labor on a large scale; Prospering rural cultural undertakings and strengthening the construction of public cultural facilities such as county cultural centers, libraries, township cultural stations and village cultural rooms; Promote the implementation of farmers' physical fitness project; Support rural amateur cultural teams, encourage farmers to set up cultural industries, and carry out activities to create harmonious families, harmonious village groups and harmonious villages and towns. Clean and tidy villages-accelerate the pace of rural energy construction and actively promote clean energy technologies such as biogas, straw gasification, small hydropower, solar energy and wind power generation in suitable areas; Using biogas digester construction to drive rural areas to change circles, toilets and kitchens; Strengthen village planning and human settlements governance; Guide and help farmers to effectively solve the problem of mixed livestock and poultry houses, do a good job in rural sewage and garbage disposal, and improve rural environmental sanitation. Management democracy-with the theme of building a new socialist countryside, we will carry out in-depth education activities to maintain the advanced nature of Communist party member in rural areas throughout the country and strengthen the construction of grass-roots organizations in rural areas; Improve the dynamic mechanism of villagers' autonomy led by village party organizations, further improve the system of village affairs openness and democratic deliberation, improve the system of "one thing, one discussion" for villagers, and improve the mechanism and method of farmers' independent financing and labor. It can be seen that the 11th Five-Year Plan summarizes the basic connotation and requirements of the new socialist countryside. To build a new socialist countryside and realize the modernization of socialist agriculture is actually to realize the socialization and marketization of the development of rural productive forces, realize the new industrialization, industrialization and enterprise of agriculture, realize the urbanization of rural areas, and make farmers become social members with equal status with urban residents, which should be included in the connotation of new socialist countryside. Socialization, marketization, industrialization and enterprise of agricultural production will greatly save agricultural production costs and labor force, thus producing a large number of rural surplus labor force. Rural surplus labor should be absorbed through industrialization and urbanization. As a result of agricultural modernization, agriculture under traditional agriculture and natural economy conditions has been transformed into modern, socialized and market-oriented agriculture. Some farmers have become operators and laborers of new modern agriculture, some farmers have become operators and laborers of industry and other industries, and more and more farmers have become modern urban residents. The countryside has become a modern new socialist countryside. This is the inevitable trend of urbanization. Analysis of the development course and present situation of urbanization in China: With the development of productive forces, human production activities and lifestyles are constantly shifting from rural areas to cities, and urban space is constantly expanding, including supporting infrastructure, improving urban functions, improving human settlements and social and economic development, not just the expansion of population and land use. Urbanization needs a solid economy as the foundation and a prosperous industry as the support. It is an all-round, diversified and multi-level comprehensive process, and it is a step-by-step process that requires long-term and arduous efforts. To actively and steadily promote urbanization, we should not only make full use of favorable conditions, seize opportunities, guide the situation according to the situation, but also proceed from reality, base ourselves on the economic foundation, adapt to local conditions and adapt to the speed of economic development. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the development of urbanization in different periods has gone through different stages:
Initial stage (1949- 1957. This is the period of China's three-year recovery and the smooth realization of the first five-year plan. Industrial capital construction around 156 key industrial projects has attracted more farmers to work in cities and towns, and a number of key cities have expanded their scale. The urban population increased rapidly, from 57.65 million in 1949 to 99.49 million in 1957, with an average annual increase of 5.23 million. The level of urbanization has increased from 10.6 at the time of the founding of the People's Republic of China to the present level.
Severe fluctuation and turbulent stage 1958- 1965. During this period, the national economy fluctuated greatly and industrial projects fluctuated greatly. This violent fluctuation of the national economy has greatly affected the development of urbanization, making it show the characteristics of turbulence and ups and downs.
Stagnant phase1966 ——1978. This stage is in the "Cultural Revolution" period of political turmoil and ultra-left ideological trend. Due to the lack of effective demand and the influence of political movements, the national economy suffered great damage, cities stopped production, industrial expansion was weak, cities could not absorb their own employed population, and the trend of non-urbanization reached its peak.
The stable development stage is 1979 -2002. 1979-2002 is a period of stable development of urbanization in China. At this stage, because a large number of educated youth returned to the city, the urban population increased rapidly. In addition, the position of cities in the national economy has been re-recognized, especially after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the development strategy of China's national economy has undergone tremendous changes. The implementation of the contract responsibility system for rural production and operation has greatly improved farmers' production enthusiasm and labor productivity, and a large number of rural surplus labor forces have emerged. Many rural surplus laborers go to cities and towns to work and do business, which further promotes the growth of urban population.
High-speed development stage since 2003. In October, 2002, the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China further pushed the urbanization development of China to a climax. The author believes that since the Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee, especially "building a new socialist countryside" has been explicitly written into the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development, which has made China's urbanization development enter a unique period of rapid development. Before the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the vision of China's urbanization development only focused on urban construction and the increase of urban population, ignoring the great role of rural areas in urbanization development, especially in a large agricultural country like ours. The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has determined a series of policies that emphasize agriculture and benefit farmers, vigorously develop agriculture and solve the "three rural issues", thus shifting the development focus of urbanization to promoting rural economic development, accelerating rural infrastructure construction and advocating the urbanization of farmers' lifestyles. This first conforms to the theoretical definition of urbanization: that is, urbanization is a process of changing human production mode and lifestyle caused by changes in social productive forces. According to People's Republic of China (PRC)'s national standard "Urban Planning Terminology", urbanization is defined as "the historical process of the transformation of human production and lifestyle from rural to urban ...". The performance is as follows: the population of a country or region is transferred from rural to urban, the agricultural population is transformed into non-agricultural population, the urban population is expanding, the number of towns is increasing, the scale of land use is expanding, and agricultural land is gradually transformed into urban land; The level of urban infrastructure and public service facilities has been continuously improved; Urban culture and values have become the main body of social culture, and have been spread and popularized in rural areas. The production methods and lifestyles of urban and rural residents have been continuously improved and gradually modernized. Therefore, the author believes that building a new socialist countryside is consistent with the urbanization development of China, an inevitable stage of urbanization development in China and a unique urbanization road in China. The promotion of new rural construction will surely bring about the rapid development of urbanization level and the remarkable improvement of urbanization quality in China.
The Relationship between Building a New Socialist Countryside and Urbanization in China
Building a new socialist countryside is the inevitable requirement of urbanization in China. In the final analysis, the development of urbanization is to liberate a large number of laborers from agriculture by improving labor productivity and make them work in secondary and tertiary industries, thus increasing the employment ratio of urban and rural secondary and tertiary industries; Strengthen the infrastructure construction of the city to make the city more attractive, capacity and radiation; Improve rural environment and infrastructure, change farmers' lifestyle and habits, improve their quality of life, and further narrow the gap between urban and rural areas ... The driving force of urbanization development comes from both the secondary and tertiary industries in cities and the thrust from rural areas, especially for a large agricultural country like China. Ignoring the driving role of rural areas in the urbanization development will bring serious adverse effects on the urbanization development of China. To eliminate this adverse effect and make the urbanization of China develop smoothly, it is necessary to. At present, building a new socialist countryside is an inevitable requirement to adapt to the development of urbanization.
Building a new socialist countryside is the development stage of urbanization in China. Judging from the track of urbanization development in various countries in the world, the development of urbanization shows the law of unbalanced development tending to balance. At the beginning of a certain form of urbanization, it first develops in the place where a breakthrough has been made, and then spreads to more places. When a country enters the stage of rapid urbanization, it first realizes rapid development from economically developed areas, and then gradually spreads to economically backward areas. For example, Britain first realized the industrial revolution in the second half of18th century, and by 1850, its urbanization level had reached 50%. 1900, when the world city level 13.3%, Britain surged to 78%. It was not until the second half of the 20th century that the urbanization of developed countries in Europe and America developed to a comparable level.
The urbanization development of China also presents the same trend. For example, the level of urbanization in eastern China, especially in the southeast coastal areas, is much higher than that in the central and western regions. With the full implementation of the guiding ideology of building a new socialist countryside, this extremely unbalanced urbanization level between the east and the west will be further improved, and the urbanization of China will surely enter a new stage of rapid, balanced and coordinated development between urban and rural areas.
Building a new socialist countryside is the only way for urbanization in China.
To improve China's urbanization rate, we must absorb a large number of rural surplus labor into cities, thus increasing the proportion of urban population. At present, the existing absorption capacity and jobs in China cannot meet the demand of a large number of rural surplus labor, which requires us to find another way, that is, by promoting the development of rural economy itself, especially the vigorous development of rural secondary and tertiary industries, to absorb some surplus labor on the spot and change the face of these rural areas into urban areas; To improve the quality of urbanization in China, we should not only pay attention to the city's own economic development and infrastructure construction, but also ensure the quality of rural areas in the process of transforming into cities, and improve the skills and quality of farmers who are newly transformed into urban residents. It is unrealistic to improve these skills and qualities by studying after entering the city. Therefore, they must receive training before entering the city. It can be seen that building a new socialist countryside is the only way for China's urbanization development to move from imbalance to balance.
References: 1. Wang Weiguang. Building a new socialist countryside is an inevitable requirement of Socialism with Chinese characteristics's modernization [N]. Study times, February 2006. Yan Changcheng. To promote urbanization, we should take the road of connotative development [N]. China construction news, 3 issues in 2003. Yu Rong, Luo Qingping. The Manifestations and Countermeasures of the Deviation of Rural Urbanization Development from Farmers' Orientation in China [J]. Anhui Agricultural Science.