The Complete Teaching Plan of "On Qin" in High School Chinese
Teaching objectives:
1. Summarize and master interchangeable words, ancient and modern synonyms, flexible use of parts of speech, special sentence patterns, etc. ?
2. Understand the structure of the article, explore the relationship between "narrative" and "argument" in the article, realize that the narrative in this lesson is exaggerated, use the writing characteristics of comparative argument in discussion, and learn the argumentation methods of factual argument and comparative argument. ?
3. Understand Jia Yi's analysis of the reasons for the rapid demise of the Qin Dynasty, and understand the significance of satirizing the present and implementing benevolent policies?
Emphasis and difficulty in teaching:
1. Identify common words, flexible words and ancient and modern synonyms in the text, master important notional words, function words and polysemous words, and accumulate knowledge of classical Chinese vocabulary. ?
2. Understand the structure and writing intention of the article and appreciate the language features of the article. Correctly understand the central argument of "benevolence and righteousness are not applied, and the offensive and defensive trends are different"
Teaching methods: group cooperative learning, dialogue learning between teachers and students.
Course arrangement: three class hours
Teaching process:
first kind
First, approach the author:
The propaganda room invited the sages to meet the ministers, and Jia was even more incoherent. Poor midnight is unprecedented, and Mo Wen people ask ghosts and gods. -Li Shangyin's Jia Sheng
Emperor Wen of Han asked the relegated minister in the propaganda room that Jia Yi's talent and demeanor were unparalleled. Talking late into the night, Emperor Xian of Han moved his knees close to him, but unfortunately he asked about ghosts and gods instead of people's livelihood.
Analysis: This is a satirical poem, which is intended to express the poet's feelings of lack of talents through Jia Yi's experience. In the poem, the story of Emperor Wendi summoning Jia Yi to talk in the middle of the night is selected, and it is written that Emperor Wendi cannot know sages and benevolence; It revealed the fatuous characteristics of the late Tang emperor who sought immortality by medicine, abandoned politics, failed to Ren Xian and ignored people's livelihood.
Jia Yi (200 BC-65438 BC+068 BC) was called Jia Taifu, Jia Changsha and Jia Sheng. Luoyang (now Luoyang East, Henan Province) people. Political commentator and writer in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty. When I was young, I was famous for my poems. Later, it was used by Emperor Wen, who advocated political reform, and was demoted to Changsha, Hunan Province, where he became Teacher Wang. The main literary achievement is political papers, with ten new books (political essays).
Jia Yi's major literary achievements are political essays, including the first, second and third representative works, The Theory of Accumulation and Storage, Chen Zheng's Poems and the Theory of Guo Qin. Among them, the theory of Yue Qin summed up the lessons of the rise and fall of Qin Dynasty, but actually revealed the mistakes of Han Dynasty.
On his way to Changsha, Jia Yi wrote a poem "Ode to Hanging Qu Yuan" and a poem "Ode to Pengniao". Wendi recalled Chang 'an in seven years. He was Liang's teacher, and later Liang fell off a horse and died. He died of self-injury and dereliction of duty, and died of depression at the age of 33.
Mao Jiayi Zedong
Jia was in chaos, crying and mourning. Liang Wang fell off his horse and found something ordinary, so why pay the price for his life?
Jia Yi, who is brilliant and ambitious, once sang Qu Yuan Fu with deep affection. It is common for Liang Wang to fall off his horse and die. Why did Jia Yi feel sorry for herself and die of depression? Mao Zedong's "Jia Yi's Seven Musts": "Teenagers are charming and talented." Jia Yi is young and promising, generous and free and easy, and is a pillar of the country.
Second, solve the problem:
Crossing Qin: point out Qin's fault. On: Explanatory style is argumentative.
The full text of Guo Qin Lun is divided into three parts, the first part is the text, and the second part discusses the faults of Qin Ershi and Qin Sanshi. On Qin was praised by Lu Xun as "Hong Wen of the Western Han Dynasty".
Third, the author's writing intention:
After Qin Shihuang unified the world, he extorted money for pleasure; Indiscriminately collecting people's power in order to build cities and palaces; Burning books and burying Confucianism to muzzle thoughts; In order to prevent the people from resisting, severe punishment was imposed, which eventually led to the peasant uprising and the rapid demise of the Qin Dynasty.
In the early Western Han Dynasty, after the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period to the Chu-Han War, the social economy was greatly destroyed, the land was barren, the people were exiled, the population decreased and the economy was depressed.
Jia Yi's On Qin was written for this reality. He hoped that the rulers of the Han Dynasty could learn the lessons from the demise of the Qin Dynasty, implement "benevolent government" and realize economic development and social stability. The so-called "teacher who never forgets the past" is also. It is called "crossing the Qin Dynasty", but in fact it is "forbidding the Han Dynasty".
Fourth, orthographic pronunciation:
Combine with each other (zòng) to go to tián for grain appreciation (yǐng), from (cóng) to take advantage of the situation (chéng) (zhěn) to Ningyue (nü ng) (yuè) to Zhaijing (zhái) (zá i). ?????????????????????????????983
The first tyrant was not strong enough in money and dysprosium.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) keywords and translation;
The first paragraph:
According to solid belief, Qin Xiaogong holds the land of Yongzhou, and the monarch and his subjects stick to it, so that he can get a glimpse of the Zhou family, which has swept the world, embraced the world and swallowed up the heart of the Eight Wastes.
Occupy the name, the dangerous terrain has a peek.
The masterpiece of "mat, bag and bag" firmly guards remote places in all directions. Within the space, the four seas and eight wastes all refer to the world.
Qin Xiaogong occupies such dangerous places as Xiaoshan and Hanguguan, and has such vast areas as Yongzhou. The monarch and his subjects were firmly entrenched in the Zhou Dynasty, with the intention of annexing the world, occupying the sea, controlling the whole country and the ambition of annexing all directions.
When the time is right, Shang Jun will assist him, making laws at home, farming and weaving, maintaining the tools of war, and confronting the vassals abroad. So the Qin people surrendered and took the Xijiang River.
Assist in establishing laws and regulations at home and devote to national defense and combat equipment abroad.
Use, make ... fight with both hands, and describe the effortless westward March into the Yellow River.
At this time, Shang Yang assisted Qin Xiaogong, established the legal system at home, devoted himself to cultivating textiles, building weapons to defend and attack, and practiced Lian Heng abroad, which made the vassal states fight against each other. So the Qin people easily obtained a large area of land west of the Yellow River.
Embedded PowerPoint. Slide 8
The second paragraph:
Without filial piety, Huiwen and Wu He were left behind. Because of their legacy, Hanzhong in the south, Bashu in the west, fertile land in the east and key counties in the north. Feared, the vassal states sought to weaken the State of Qin through alliance, and did not cherish the precious and fertile land, so that the people of the world could join hands and become one.
It has passed the "dead" inheritance of the existing heritage and followed the strategy of the previous generation to seize and reduce fertility and went south.
Occupation, assembly and alliance create cowardice and meanness, which are used to attract joint efforts to help each other and become one.
After Xiao Gong's death, King Huiwen and Hehe inherited the existing inheritance and followed the strategy of the previous generation, seizing Hanzhong in the south, annexing Pakistan and Shu in the west, cutting fertile land in the east and occupying key counties and cities in the north. Frightened, the governors held a meeting to form an alliance and tried to weaken Qin. Don't be stingy with rare and precious utensils and fertile land. They are used to attract outstanding talents from all over the world, form alliances and covenants, and form an organic whole.
At this time, there are Meng Chang, Zhao Pingyuan, Chu Youchun, Shen Wei and Xin Ling. These four monarchs are wise and faithful, generous and caring, and respect the virtuous and value the virtuous. They are all from Tianping, belonging to Korea, Wei, Yan, Chu, Qi, Zhao, Song, Wei and Zhongshan.
The pause and reuse of the modal particle make ... scatter and gather all people, that is, those who are wise, resourceful, honest and trustworthy and care for talents.
At this time, there are Qi, Zhao, Chu and Wei. These four monarchs are smart, loyal and reliable, generous and kind, caring for people, respecting talents and reusing scholars. It agreed to implement the policy of joint vertical, dispersed the Lian Heng policy of Qin State, and assembled the armies of Korea, Wei, Yan, Zhao, Song, Wei and Zhongshan.
So the people of the six countries are Ning Yue, Xu Shang, Su Qin and Du He; Qi Ming, Zhou Zui, Chen, Zhao Liu, Lou Slow and Zhai Jing all know what they mean. Wuqi, Sun Bin, Dai Tuo, Ni Liang, Liao Wang, Tian Ji, Lian Po and Zhao She led the troops.
At this time, such people will advise and command the army for such people.
At this time, the wise men of the six countries were Ning Yue, Xu Shang, Su Qin and Doukhi. There are also Qi Ming, Zhou Zui, Chen, Zhao Liu, Lou Man, Zhai Jing and others who have expressed their views. At the head of the army are Wuqi, Sun Bin, Dai Tuoni Liang, Liao Wang, Tian Ji, Lian Po and Zhao She.
Taste ten times the land (in Qin), a million teachers, knock off the customs and attack Qin. Qin people used to delay the enemy, the division of the nine countries, and did not dare to enter. Wu Qin's death cost him money, but the ruler of the world has been trapped.
I used it. I was greeted by the army that attacked Hanguguan. I was embarrassed and tired when I hesitated whether to fight or not.
They once attacked Hanguguan and Qin with ten times the land of Qin and millions of troops. The Qin people opened the gate of Hangu Pass to lead the enemy deep, but the troops of the nine countries hesitated and dared not go in. The state of Qin did not consume an arrow, but all the princes in the world were exhausted.
So he was defeated from the loose contract and bribed Qin to cede territory. Qin spared no effort to control its disadvantages, chasing death and driving north, burying millions of bodies and bleeding; Take advantage of the trend, slaughter the world and split the mountains and rivers. Strong countries please submit, weak countries enter the DPRK. Extending to the king of Zhuang Xiang, the country enjoys a shallow life and the country has nothing to do.
Bribery is because of its shortcomings, uniforms. Through "we", the exhausted, exhausted, fleeing and defeated troops were created ... The floating shield relied on the favorable situation to divide and rule, demanded surrender, and pointed to Qin's surrender to continue to occupy a short position, thus a hundred schools of thought contended.
In this way, the alliance was dissolved, the Covenant was invalid, and the six countries scrambled to cede territory and bribe Qin. Qin has extra strength to subdue them by their weakness, pursue the defeated troops who fled, and let millions of defeated troops die everywhere, and the blood shed can float the shield; In this favorable situation, Qin cut off all the land in the world and re-divided the land of mountains and rivers. The powerful countries demanded surrender, and the weak countries came to worship. When King Xiaowen and King Zhuang Xiang succeeded to the throne in turn, the ruling time was very short, and there was no major event in Qin.
Embedded PowerPoint. Slide 8
Second lesson
The third paragraph:
When Emperor Fen VI was fierce, he made a long-term plan to conquer the palace, swallowed the princes who died within two weeks, followed the supreme rule, and made Liuhe, whipping the world by beating and shocking the world.
The fruits left over from development waved the bamboo whip to control the ruling verb to move, thus ... perished and ascended the rule of the world, holding instruments of torture and flogging slavery to shock.
After Qin Shihuang ascended the throne, he developed the achievements left by the first six generations of monarchs, wielded a whip to control the vassal States, annexed the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the Western Zhou Dynasty, successively eliminated the vassal States, ascended the most noble emperor's throne to rule the world, enslaved the people all over the world with severe punishments and severe laws, and shocked the world with power.
Take the land of Baiyue in the south as Guilin and Xiang Jun; Baiyue Wang bowed his head and tightened his neck, appointing officials. Is to let Meng Tian build the Great Wall in the north and keep the fence. The Huns are only more than 700 miles away; The conference semifinals dare not go south to herd horses, and the scholars dare not bow to their knees.
The omission of "taking it as it" is to give it to junior officials as a tie to wear around their necks, and then make ... retreat and yield ... and take revenge in the north.
The land of Baiyue fell to the south and was divided into Guilin and Xiangxiang. The leader of Baiyue bowed his head and tied a rope around his neck, giving his life to the subordinate officials of Qin State. Qin Shihuang sent Meng Tian to build the Great Wall in the north, guarding the border and repelling the Huns for more than 700 miles. The Hu people dare not graze in the south again, and the warriors of the Six Kingdoms dare not bow and shoot arrows for revenge.
So let's abolish Wang Zhidao and burn the words of a hundred schools of thought. Famous city, killing heroes; Take the soldiers from all over the world, gather in Xianyang, sell the former cymbals, cast twelve gold people, and weaken the people from all over the world. Then, Jianhua is the city, because the river is a pool, and the city of 100 million feet is the solid foundation.
Abolish ... the ignorant rule the world, burn out weapons, use them to be weak, lean on them, and use them to defend the city.
Then he abolished the ancient emperor's methods of governing the country and burned books of various schools. Make people stupid; Destroy famous cities and kill heroes; Collect weapons from all over the world, concentrate on Xianyang, remove knives and arrows, and use them to cast twelve bronze men to weaken the resistance of the people all over the world. Since then, Huashan has been used as a city wall. As a moat, the Yellow River has a 100 million-foot-high wall above it and an immeasurable abyss below it. They serve as solid fortifications.
A good general will guard the key points with a strong crossbow, and a loyal minister will be Chen Libing. The world is set, and the emperor's heart begins, thinking that Guanzhong is solid, Jincheng is thousands of miles away, and the descendants of the emperor will always have a career.
Reliable officials and elite foot soldiers say "Oh" and ask for a place to take a powerful city thousands of miles away in Fiona Fang.
Senior Chinese "Guo Qin Lun" teaching plan Daquan II
First, reading lead-in requires students to read the text collectively and perceive the language characteristics of the article as a whole.
Second, the preparatory activities
Choose a passage from On Qin and translate it into modern Chinese. Let the students compare the differences between modern Chinese and classical Chinese and feel the charm of classical Chinese. Students can also translate a passage into rhyming modern Chinese and compare the differences between the two languages. Encourage students to express their opinions boldly.
Third, cooperative exploration.
Where is the language charm of On Qin?
Ask the students to say one or two things that they feel most about the characteristics of language when reading aloud. Students communicate and the teacher summarizes. (ppt demonstration)
1. Synonymous overlap, full of momentum
For example, Qin Xiaogong "has the heart of sweeping the world, accepting all the world, including the meaning of the four seas, and annexing the eight wastes". Sweeping, including, including, has the meaning of annexation; At home, the four seas and the eight famines all refer to the world. Comment on China's View of Ancient Literature, "Those four sentences have only one meaning, but they must overlap, which almost express the heart of the tiger and the wolf in the Qin Dynasty, not just one sentence." In order to highlight a certain meaning, do not hesitate to repeat a few sentences.
Please find similar sentences and explain their functions. (Write about the prosperity of Qin Shihuang and the origin of Chen She)
Function: Write a meaning in a neat sentence, so that the words are full of spirit and read in one go, just like a fine horse walking on a bench and running downhill. (On Jia Yi's Theory of Crossing Qin, Xu Yingpei, Zhou Rongquan and Wu)
Then let the students read the sentences of "synonymous overlapping sentences" and experience the momentum of thousands of miles a day.
2. Multiple parallelism and warm atmosphere
Let the students find out the parallelism sentences first, and then let the students analyze the differences and functions of each parallelism sentence.
The parallelism of subject-predicate sentence patterns: Qi Youmeng Chang, Zhao Youping Yuan, Chu Youchun Shen and Wei Ling (showing the breadth of "cooperation and union")
The juxtaposition of structural phrases: being wise and faithful, being generous and kind, respecting the virtuous and attaching importance to the Tao (showing the strategic ability of the four gentlemen)
The parallelism between the subject with a long string of attributes and the same predicate form: there are eight sentences with similarities and differences: Ning Yue, Xu Shang ... Lian Po and Zhao She's Lun made their soldiers (showing the strength of "the people of the world" joining hands to attack Qin): chasing the dead in the north, burying millions of bodies, bleeding and drifting; Take advantage of the trend, slaughter the world and split the mountains and rivers. Please surrender the powerful country, and the weak country will enter the DPRK (showing the momentum of Qin Jinbing seizing the world and destroying the feudal lords)
Function: parallelism makes the article full of momentum, but if it is only one-sided, it will be mechanical. The juxtaposition sentences of various sentences are combined, and the neat and uneven complement each other, and the article is relaxed and elegant.
Three teaching plans of Guo Qin Lun in senior high school Chinese
Three-dimensional target
Knowledge and skills:
1. Understand Jia Yi's analysis of the causes of the sudden death of the Qin Dynasty and his benevolent policy thoughts.
2. Learn classical Chinese vocabulary, master interchangeable words, summarize polysemous words, and understand the characteristics of sentence patterns.
3. Recite paragraphs 3, 4 and 5 of the text.
Process and method:
Read, compare and communicate. Reading aloud drives the dredging of the meaning of the text, reciting drives the appreciation of the works, guides students to read repeatedly, uses parallelism and antithesis extensively to appreciate this article, and tries to exaggerate the characteristics of exaggeration.
Emotional attitudes and values:
1. Understand the progressive significance of the author's political proposition of opposing tyranny and advocating benevolent government at that time.
2. Learn from the author's valuable spirit of combining historical research with realistic thinking, so as to understand the significance of "taking history as a mirror" and "making the past serve the present".
Teaching focus
1, read repeatedly, and experience the majestic momentum and thorough reasoning of the article in reading.
2. Recite the text, understand and accumulate content words, function words and sentence patterns in classical Chinese.
Teaching difficulties
Combined with the characteristics of text words, summarize the knowledge of classical Chinese words and syntax, and gradually master the usage rules of classical Chinese words and sentences.
Teaching appliance courseware, mp3
Teaching arrangement of three class hours
first kind
Teaching focuses on guiding students to understand the historical background before and after the return of Jia Yi and Qin. Play the tape and read it as an example for students to confirm. Read the text carefully and understand the meaning.
teaching process
Introduce a new course
Lead design 1: During the Warring States period, the seven heroes came together. Although Qin was located in the Western Region, it rose suddenly and dominated the world. Its strength can be seen. With the help of Reese, the national strength became stronger, but why was it overthrown in just 15 years? Let's take a look at the views of politicians and writers in the Western Han Dynasty in On Qin.
Lead design II: "World events, divided for a long time, must be combined", this sentence is about the rise and fall of feudal society, but Qin, who broke the separatist regime in the Warring States period and unified the whole country first, failed to maintain long-term stability and died in Qin Ershi. There are many people's comments on right and wrong in history, one of which is Jia Yi's famous On Qin.
Lead Design III: Disputes in the Warring States Period, competing with each other. The Qin dynasty conquered the whole country in a border area for more than 100 years, which can be described as its heyday! However, who would have thought that this prosperous dynasty died short-lived, so quickly, so tragically and so mysteriously, which could not but shock the world. Since ancient times, many people of insight, in addition to being shocked, have tirelessly explored the reasons for its rapid rise and sudden demise in order to learn useful lessons from the rise and fall of the Qin Dynasty. Today we are going to study the classic works of Jia Yi, an outstanding political commentator and historian in the early Han Dynasty, and analyze and discuss the historical article "Lessons from the Death of Qin-On Qin" (blackboard writing).
Second, solve the problem and the author
1. (teacher): On: Guo, (verb) points out Qin's fault. On: An ancient style. This article is a historical theory. On Qin is divided into three parts, the first part and the second part are selected here.
2. Introduction to the author:
Jia Yi (200 BC-65438 BC+068 BC) was born in Luoyang, Western Han Dynasty. A famous political commentator and writer in the Western Han Dynasty, and one of the earliest authors of Han Fu. He was famous for his outstanding literary talent when he was young. When he was in his twenties, he was called a doctor by Emperor Wen, and soon he was promoted to a doctor in Taizhong. Later, he was deposed as Taifu, the king of Changsha, because he repeatedly put forward reform suggestions in politics, which offended powerful people. Four years later, he was recalled as Wendi's favorite son, Master Liang. He died at the age of 33. His political essays include On, A Record of Chen Zheng (also known as Public Security Policy) and On Saving Savings. It embodies the foresight, enterprising spirit and resolute attitude of the emerging landlord class politicians to transform reality. His articles are sharp and incisive, criticizing the shortcomings of the times and incisively, which has great influence on the prose creation of later generations. Among his articles, Jia Changsha Collection was compiled by the Ming Dynasty, and ten new books were circulated. His personality was highly praised by Sima Qian, who compared him with Qu Yuan in different eras and wrote biographies for Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng.
Three. Background introduction:
Since the Spring and Autumn Period, there have been frequent wars, coupled with the tyranny after the reunification of Qin, the peasant uprising at the end of Qin and the dispute between Chu and Han, the social economy has suffered great damage in the past 500 years. A large number of peasants are exiled in a foreign land and are not allowed to farm; Others are forced to make a living, selling their wives and children or selling themselves into slavery. The war drastically reduced the population and depressed business. Profiteers hoard, and the price is expensive. A stone of rice is worth ten thousand, and a horse is worth a hundred. The newly established Western Han regime had an empty treasury and financial difficulties. At that time, the history books said, "Since the son of heaven can't have a rank, he rides an ox cart, and his people have no hidden cover." The people really need to recuperate. In view of this reality, Jia Yi advocated "crossing the Qin Dynasty" to "learn from the Han Dynasty" and "share the interest with the people" in order to consolidate the Western Han regime.
Play the tape and ask the students to confirm reading.
Monotone: (yú) (zhě n) (cù) (ch) (tiá n) (fā n) (Wng) (yǒ u)
Polysyllabic words: (judging pronunciation in a specific context)
This kind of filial piety is neither (mò) called (shào) bowing (xó) practiced Huawei City (huó), (jiàng), (zh ū ng), and martial arts (hó ng) extended to hundreds of people (jió) (duó).
Students can read the text freely and understand the meaning with the help of notes and familiar knowledge of classical Chinese.
Sixth, exchange views on difficult words and phrases at the same table and translate the text paragraph by paragraph.
7. Thinking: What is the content structure of the full text of On Qin? Please draw the maximum structural level of the five natural paragraphs of the full text first, and then summarize the meaning of each paragraph.
Students communicate and think. The teacher summed it up.
The Content Structure of Guo Qin Lun
Describe the rise and fall of the Qin Dynasty (1-4).
Rise (1) development (2) extreme prosperity (3) death (4)
Second, explain the reasons for the demise of the Qin Dynasty (5).
Eight, guide students to read the text again, pay attention to the extensive use of parallelism and antithesis in the text, and exaggerate the characteristics as much as possible.
Nine: Assign homework
Read the text repeatedly and get familiar with the meaning.
Second lesson
Teaching focus
Learn paragraphs 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the text.
Guide students to summarize key notional words, function words, flexible use of parts of speech and key classical Chinese sentence patterns.
teaching process
First, check the reading of the text, and check the mastery of polyphonic words and interchangeable words.
Second, analyze and understand the text.
(1) Say the first paragraph of the text read by the students.
1, explain the key words and guide students to dredge the text:
Solids, mats, bags, bags, interiors, buckets and rivers.
The teacher stressed:
Solid: solid terrain, adjectives are used as nouns.
Seats: Like mats, nouns are adverbials, and the usage of bags and pouches is the same as above.
Heng: Tong "Heng" (common name)
2, guide students to analyze and understand the text:
(1), thinking about how the author discusses it in different levels in the first paragraph "Rise".
Geography: according to ... solids; Hold your ground; Hang in there.
Rising ambition: sweeping everything; Guarantee; Including; exhaust
Policy: internal ...; Outside ...
Success: take it away.
(2) From the notes, we know that "sweeping", "embracing" and "including" all have the meaning of "annexation", and "Yu nei", "Four Seas" and "Eight Barrens" all have the meaning of "the world". Then, it seems meaningful for us to change the sentence "with the intention of ..."
Clarity: It is intended to highlight the great ambition of annexing six countries and dominating the world, as well as the anxiety and aggressive attitude of Qin towards vassal States. At the same time, it laid a foundation for the brilliant achievements after filial piety, and formed a contrast and foreshadowing for the sudden collapse of Qin after the reunification of the country. In short, according to the needs of performance, the numerous strokes here are increasing; The repetition of synonymous phrases makes the narrative vivid.
(2) Name the second paragraph of the text that the students read.
3. Explain the key words and guide students to clear the text:
South, weak, smooth, dead, north, drifting, sculling, and benefiting.
The teacher emphasized the following words: don't cherish precious things, cherish fertile land: love, be stingy.
So that everyone in the world: come, recruit.
Chasing the north drive: the army that died and fled; North, defeated army.
Legacy policies: reasons, compliance.
Take advantage: because, take advantage.
Switch to delay the enemy: delay, lead.
Extend to Wang Zhuang Township: Extend, continue.
4, guide students to analyze and understand the text:
(1) Where are the powerful princes of the Nine Kingdoms? What role do these contents play in the text?
First of all, it is written that the princes bought the people of the world and adopted the strategy of alliance to conclude a Covenant; Secondly, writing civilian military commanders is full of talents, each with its own strengths; Finally, I wrote that the troops of the nine countries were strong, and the final result was "standing up, fighting for land, bribing Qin" and "corpses everywhere, rivers of blood". This shows the strength of Qin.
⑵ Thinking: How does the author discuss it in different levels in the "development" part, and what argumentation method is used?
Qin: Take from the south, carry from the west, cut from the east, collect from the north, slaughter and split.
Warlords: Many talents, vast territory, many teachers, and disastrous defeat-please accept it and go to court.
(3) Say the third paragraph of the text read by the students.
5. Explain the key words and guide the students to clarify the text:
Step, die, but, waste, stupid, weak, emperor.
The teacher pointed out the key words:
After six points, I am fierce: fierce and meritorious.
But the Huns were more than 700 miles away, but they ... retreated.
Start with fools: fools make ... stupidity.
Weaken the people of the world: weaken, weaken.
Ju Xianyang: Omitting the preposition "Yu" should be "Ju Xianyang".
Loyalty, honesty and reliability.
Take it as truth: ellipsis, and the omitted object should be "take it as truth".