Kaifeng ancient city is unique in all parts of China, and it is also unique in world archaeology and capital history. After the Warring States and Wei Dynasties, after the Tang, Song, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the six underground cities not only showed the history of Kaifeng's urban changes in a three-dimensional way, but also engraved the glory, tragic and loss of Kaifeng. All this is just because there is an erratic Yellow River hanging over Kaifeng.
Kaifeng suffered the "catastrophe" for the first time because of the flood in the Warring States period. In the war of Qin reunifying the six countries, the two countries fought fiercely at the gate of Daliangcheng (Kaifeng). Qin Jun poured water into Daliang through the Yellow River because he could not attack for a long time. After three months of flood siege, the bustling Daliang City was reduced to ruins.
Historically, Kaifeng was the most brilliant in the Northern Song Dynasty. As an imperial capital, it has millions of people and is the richest in the world. In 1 127, Bianjing, the imperial capital, was captured by the Jin people, and the Song emperor was taken into exile. Prince Zhao Jian established the Southern Song regime. A year later, the Jin people attacked the Southern Song Dynasty, and Bianjing stayed in Du to break through the Yellow River levee and use water as a soldier to stop the Jin Army cavalry from going south. The Yellow River not only flooded Kaifeng City, but also caused the Yellow River to split into several southward streams, and then entered the Yellow Sea through the Huaihe River, which became the most important change in the history of the Yellow River and lasted for more than 700 years.
The biggest flood in Kaifeng history occurred in the fifteenth year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (AD 1642), which completely destroyed Kaifeng in Ming Dynasty. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the peasant rebels in Li Chuangwang opened ports three times. In order to stop the rebels, the commander in Kaifeng ordered the destruction of the Yellow River. In Kaifeng, hundreds of thousands of residents drowned in Wang Yang. Only Zhou Wang and a few officials and soldiers fled by boat, and the peasant army outside the city drowned a lot and had to evacuate.
In the early Qing Dynasty, it was proposed to move the provincial capital from Kaifeng to Xuchang. As the capital of seven dynasties and Xian Tong, Kaifeng, an ancient historical city, still exists in the center of the Central Plains, and it is also a symbol of the Qing government's maintenance of the stability of the Central Plains. Therefore, the Qing government never adopted this proposal, but only built the city wall on the ruins of Kaifeng city wall in the Ming Dynasty, and left Henan Province in Kaifeng.