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abstract:
With the development of economy, all kinds of resources development and projects continue, and the surface of different areas is damaged to varying degrees, resulting in geological disasters. Therefore, in the actual construction of the project, it is necessary to consider the requirements of various factors and pay attention to reducing the damage to the surrounding geology. Geological disasters are complex, prone to sudden changes and dispersion, threatening people's lives. In geotechnical engineering, geological disasters have the greatest impact on the surrounding environment and people. In order to avoid geological disasters, the following detailed analysis of its prevention methods and measures, aimed at laying a theoretical foundation for a reasonable response to geological disasters.
Key words:
Geotechnical engineering; Geological disasters; Prevention and control methods; Practice;
China has a vast territory, complex terrain, and serious geological disasters, and there are many kinds of geological disasters themselves, which are easy to seriously affect the property and life safety of people around [1]. In order to solve this problem, advanced preventive measures should be taken to prevent geological disasters in advance, and targeted preventive measures should be taken according to the actual situation of geotechnical engineering to reduce the probability of geological disasters.
1, geological disasters and their impacts
1. 1 geological disasters
There are many kinds of geological disasters in China, but the most common ones are debris flow, rolling stones and ground collapse. This paper mainly analyzes and introduces geological disasters such as debris flow, collapse and landslide.
1.2 characteristics and impacts of geological disasters
1
Landslide is mainly due to the erosion of rock and soil on the slope by rain, and the original gravity influence leads to the downward movement of rocks, thus causing disasters. If the slope rock and soil are not affected by external forces, landslides will generally not occur. The causes of landslide disasters, such as rain erosion, soil erosion and over-exploitation of vegetation on the slope, will all lead to landslides.
1.2.2 crash
Geotechnical engineering construction itself is the construction work of rock and soil, which may lead to cracks in some rock and soil, leading to the division of rock and soil into more parts [2]. The divided rock and soil itself is relatively empty, and the collapse often rolls to the bottom. The main causes of collapse are over-exploitation of minerals, unreasonable development of civil engineering and reservoir leakage. , leading to the destruction of the original rock and soil.
1.2.3 Debris Flow
Debris flow is a frequent geological disaster in China, which has a serious impact on traffic and nearby economic development and threatens the life safety of nearby residents. Through the analysis of the causes of debris flow, it is found that the flood containing a lot of sediment is mainly caused by excessive precipitation in mountainous areas. There are many reasons for debris flow, among which the unreasonable development of soil is easy to lead to debris flow, and the random development of rock and soil will greatly affect the integrity and stability of rock and soil, and the soil itself will also be greatly impacted, thus leading to debris flow. Finally, the felling of mountain forests leads to the loss of fixed dependence of rock and soil, which is more likely to be washed away by rain and easily lead to mudslides.
2, geotechnical engineering geological disaster prevention and control technology analysis
2. 1 landslide control
Landslides have a great impact on the surrounding traffic safety, residents' life safety and property safety. For landslide control, external support can be provided by cleaning the side above the landslide-prone position, reducing the load, backfilling the soil, etc., and at the same time, anti-slide retaining wall technology can be adopted to avoid serious blocking influence on the highway below after the landslide occurs [3]. Using anti-slide retaining wall, its construction layout is flexible, different mountains and soil slopes can be built quickly, and the construction is simple. In the early railway construction in China, in order to avoid the serious influence of landslide on the railway, the anti-slide pile technology was adopted, and it was found that the landslide control effect was average. Then, the landslide control system is established by combining the measures of surface drainage and load reduction with various technologies. In the treatment, the comprehensive treatment of surface, underground and three-dimensional drainage found that the treatment effect was outstanding and the occurrence of landslide geological disasters was effectively controlled.
2.2 Collapse Prevention and Control
The collapse itself is a rapid disaster and a great threat. For the prevention and control of collapse, it is necessary to carefully check the corresponding rock and soil to see if it is unstable. If it is found to be unstable, it should be reinforced to avoid rock-soil slippage and reduce the probability of cracks in soil. Compared with landslide prevention and control, landslide prevention and control is less difficult and simple. However, as far as the treatment of steep slope collapse is concerned, its cracks, structural combination along the way and geological conditions are uncertain and cannot be well pre-controlled by human means. In areas greatly affected by the expansion and expansion of unloading crack areas and places where cracks are concentrated, dangerous rocks and soil should be cleaned, and then the soil should be reinforced and protected by anchor, net, shotcrete and anchor to avoid collapse.
2.3 Biological measures
Preventing geological disasters and protecting the environment through biology are conducive to promoting ecological harmony. For example, planting trees and returning farmland to forests can prevent and control diseases and conserve water and soil. By planting plants, the stability of soil and water can be guaranteed. If the rock and soil are strongly impacted by the outside world, the rock and soil will still be naturally protected by plant roots, and geological disasters such as landslides and collapses will not occur. In addition, taking biological measures to prevent some geological disasters has outstanding social and economic value, which can improve the regional ecological balance while protecting the environment.
However, there are still some shortcomings in the current biological measures, which take a long time to play a role, and plants take a long time to play a real role. Therefore, in some areas where mudslides, collapses and landslides often occur, we should choose the most reasonable measures to control geological disasters in combination with local conditions. At the same time, some areas can take the way of closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation to effectively prevent and control geological disasters, and at the same time create a good ecological environment to reduce the probability of geological disasters.
2.4 Debris Flow Prevention and Control
Among all kinds of geological disasters, debris flow has the widest harm range and the greatest influence. In the prevention and control of debris flow, we should not only pay attention to the surrounding environment, but also comprehensively control the local rock and soil. The management department should fully understand the current situation of debris flow in combination with ecological engineering and conduct a comprehensive investigation and treatment of regionalized gully slopes. In the environment of rapid economic development, the treatment of debris flow should be mainly uphill, and the accumulation area and gully area should be treated in turn. When encountering the problem of debris flow in practice, we can't mechanically copy it according to the theory. It is necessary to analyze specific problems and comprehensively consider the changes in the actual situation. Found a serious disaster in a certain area. Shelterbelt should be established in advance, exposed surface should be reinforced, slope should be stabilized, geotechnical structure should be improved, and erosion phenomenon should be avoided.
In view of the natural conditions in geological disaster-prone areas, various measures are taken to improve the prevention and control effect. In areas with serious geological disasters, appropriate avoidance measures can be taken to reduce the irreparable impact of geological disasters on personnel. For example, in rainy and snowy weather, roads in mountainous areas should be properly avoided, which may lead to deformed slopes and engineering hidden dangers. In bad weather, mountainous towns and villages located at the foot of the mountain should formulate emergency transfer measures and arrange residents to move in rainy days.
3. Concluding remarks
To sum up, the prevention and control of geotechnical engineering geological disasters cannot be achieved overnight. We should focus on the long term, integrate new materials and technologies into the prevention and control of geological disasters, and improve the prevention and control measures of geological disasters. In geotechnical engineering construction, we should carefully check the site environment, understand the possible geological disasters in construction, understand the safety risks brought by different geological disasters, pay attention to the protection and treatment of different geological disasters, and effectively avoid disasters.
refer to
[1] Liao Hesen, Cui Maocai. Analysis of prevention and control technology and countermeasures of geotechnical engineering geological disasters [J]. World Nonferrous Metals, 20 17(5):223-224.
[2] Wang Lei. Application of prevention and control technology of geotechnical engineering geological disasters [J]. Sichuan Cement, 2018 (3):175-175.
[3] Xue Zengrong. Geotechnical engineering geological disaster prevention technology and prevention measures [J]. Housing and real estate, 20 17(5):2 13.
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