With the development of society and the deepening of reform and opening up, great changes have taken place in China's politics, economy, ideology and culture. Various cultural exchanges at home and abroad make some cultures that are not conducive to the healthy growth of teenagers penetrate into their minds at the same time, poison their thoughts, and make those teenagers with weak resistance catch all kinds of bad habits, and finally embark on the road of crime. In recent years, the number, rapid development, great harm and serious nature of juvenile delinquency are very shocking. They greatly hindered the construction of socialist material civilization and spiritual civilization, and also brought suffering to thousands of families in Qian Qian. Therefore, juvenile delinquency is worrying. Preventing and reducing juvenile delinquency is related to the stability of the country and the long-term stability of the society, which should be highly valued by the whole society. This paper comprehensively analyzes the social causes of juvenile delinquency from three different levels: the surrounding bad environment, family environment and school education, and deeply analyzes the subjective factors of juvenile delinquency. Finally, the preventive measures of juvenile delinquency are summarized from four aspects: strengthening moral education, strengthening legal education, strengthening family and school education and purifying social environment. Therefore, the prevention of juvenile delinquency is regarded as a social problem, which requires the whole society to care about the healthy growth of teenagers, and families, schools and all walks of life to actively participate in the comprehensive management project and carry out extensive rights protection and ideological education for teenagers. In addition, we should strengthen legislative protection, give teenagers a pure living and learning space, and create a new situation of social security in China.

Keywords:: prevention of juvenile delinquency environmental impact education law

Juvenile delinquency is a social problem, a product of the development of human society to a certain stage, and also a global problem. Scholars and experts all over the world are studying, analyzing and constantly proposing effective measures to strengthen the prevention of juvenile delinquency. China, in particular, has made remarkable achievements through long-term unremitting efforts, but the current situation is still unsatisfactory and needs further discussion and research. We should give priority to preventive education, supplemented by punishment, and mobilize the strength of the whole society to conduct comprehensive research.

1. Juvenile delinquency is a social problem that cannot be ignored.

With the development of society, China is in an extremely important period of great change in history, but this change happened suddenly under the pressure and urging of domestic and international situations when ideological, political and cultural conditions were not fully prepared. This characteristic causes the biggest change, and there is no fracture and mutation of redundant value structure. Especially with the infiltration and influence of western culture, some harmful things breed and spread, eroding our social body, poisoning the minds of young people, making them unable to distinguish good from bad, good from evil, reversing right and wrong, unconsciously contracting bad habits, from small to large, and finally embarking on the road of illegal crimes. In recent years, the number, rapid development, great harm and serious nature of juvenile delinquency are very shocking. The masses call it a "social hazard", which undermines the construction of socialist material civilization and spiritual civilization and threatens the safety of people's lives and property.

From the statistics of the proportion of juvenile delinquency in all crimes since the founding of the People's Republic of China, we can clearly understand the seriousness of juvenile delinquency: at the end of 1950s, it was 30%, 1965 was 60%, 1976 was 7 1%, 1978 was 76%,/kloc-0. Since 2000, the proportion of juvenile delinquency is relatively large, which is characterized by rapid growth, wide range of crimes and serious consequences, and most of the major cases are committed by them. According to the investigation, the peak period of first offense is 13- 15 years old, and the peak period of crime is 15- 18 years old. Among them, 15 and 6-year-old juvenile crimes account for more than 70% of the total juvenile crimes. Many foreign research surveys show that there are similar phenomena mentioned above. From a global perspective, the age of crime tends to be younger, and the types of crime are diversified, vicious and gang-like. The author conducted a survey and statistics on a district court. In 2003, there were 65,438+07 juvenile crimes involving 27 people, including theft, intentional homicide, intentional injury, theft, robbery, rape and provocation.

We should fully realize the seriousness of this problem and the arduousness of this work. In order to solve the problem of juvenile delinquency, the prevention and control work is fruitful, which is by no means easy. We must work hard and realize the long-term, complex and arduous nature of this work. The view of "quick victory theory" is unacceptable and extremely unrealistic. First, from the reality of this problem, although the problem of juvenile delinquency has been gradually solved, it is still a prominent, sharp and serious social problem; Second, in our real life, there are indeed soil and conditions that breed illegal crimes, and this hotbed of germs will not disappear in a short time; Thirdly, the concept of correcting the bad psychology and seeking of juvenile delinquents has its own development law, and it takes hard efforts to complete this transformation. It is not only an arduous combat task, but also a lofty historical mission to educate, save and reform juvenile offenders and minimize the juvenile crime rate.

Second, the root causes and environmental impact of juvenile delinquency

The research on the causes of juvenile delinquency should be carried out from three aspects. First of all, put this issue into a certain historical scope to investigate and find out its social and historical roots; Secondly, this paper studies this problem from the specific situation of juvenile delinquency and the influence of the surrounding environment; Third, from the analysis of subjective factors and psychological characteristics. In short, juvenile delinquency and all aspects of social life are interdependent and interrelated. Only by observing and analyzing from all aspects can we really see the whole picture and the essence. Social, political, economic and ideological factors can only answer the ultimate and most common causes of juvenile delinquency, and we must correctly and carefully find out the specific living conditions that promote juvenile delinquency. It plays an important role in the formation of a person's thoughts, opinions, will and feelings, personality and psychology, interests and hobbies. If it is adversely affected by the surrounding environment and specific conditions for a long time, it will form a bad psychological quality, which may lead to a slip crime under certain conditions.

Infection in the surrounding bad environment

Juvenile delinquency is by no means an isolated and accidental act. It is bound to find countless connections from his relationship with the surrounding environment. Environment is an important factor that affects people's psychological formation. As the saying goes, "People who are close to Zhu Zhechi are black". A good environment will create conditions for the healthy growth of teenagers, while a bad environment will provide conditions for teenagers to be corrupted or even lead to crime. There are two kinds of influences from the surrounding bad conditions: the first is the erosion of the bad social environment; The second situation is the erosion and infection among teenagers. From all kinds of facts, it also shows that the living environment around teenagers and all kinds of people and things they usually contact are important reasons that directly affect the psychological formation of teenagers. If these influences are positive, they can cultivate people's noble sentiments; if they are negative and decadent, they can cultivate people into social harmers. In recent years, the pollution of pornographic and violent books and audio-visual products has become more and more serious, and the erosion of entertainment places such as electronic entertainment halls and black internet bars is still great. Therefore, in order to reduce juvenile delinquency, we must attach great importance to the relationship between teenagers and the surrounding environment, and we must transform all kinds of unhealthy and harmful living environments and replace unhealthy, low and dirty environments with healthy, noble and pure environments, which plays a very important role in cultivating teenagers' healthy psychology and noble character from an early age.

Second, the influence of bad family environment.

Family is the cell and the most basic unit of society. From the perspective of a person's growth, childhood and adolescence lay the foundation, and adolescence develops on this basis. Generally speaking, childhood and adolescence are spent in the family. Family education is the first education for children, and what parents say and do plays a vital role in children's development and growth. According to the statistics of relevant departments, among many external factors that have an impact on teenagers, family factors accounted for 20% in the 1950s and 50% in the 1980s. In the new millennium, the influence and role of family education is still increasing. Therefore, it is very important to analyze the role of family factors in juvenile delinquency and seek effective countermeasures to prevent juvenile delinquency.

Bad family status is the potential cause of juvenile delinquency. There are mainly the following categories of poor family conditions: ① families who have no time to take care of their children's education. In this kind of family, parents are busy with their careers and have no energy and time to discipline their children, so family education is almost blank. 2 a family that lets itself go. This is particularly prominent in rural families with many children, who let their children drift with the tide regardless of instability. ③ Extreme family. Parents of such families are eager to succeed in their children, and hate iron to produce steel. They always use the educational method of "stick" to beat and scold their children, causing their children's rebellious mentality, or doting on their children. Over time, they have developed their abnormal psychology of exclusion and arrogance. 4 defective families. Parents' divorce or premature death or one party's crime cast a shadow on the child's mind.

The temptation of bad factors in the family environment to children is the direct cause of juvenile delinquency. There are four main aspects: ① the temptation of the idea that everything depends on money. ② The temptation of family yellow culture. (3) The temptation of family luxury life. (4) A few parents misbehave, which directly influences or instigates their children to commit crimes. As a group, the family atmosphere and values induce, restrain and influence every member. Coupled with parents' low education and quality, most juvenile offenders have the same characteristics. Statistics show that the occupation ratio of parents or dependents of juvenile offenders is 45% for farmers, 30% for individual industrial and commercial households, 0/8% for employees in enterprises, 5% for national staff and 2% for others. Their academic structure is 8% above senior high school, 30% below junior high school and 62% below primary school. These people with low educational level do not understand the characteristics of teenagers, and they will not consciously cooperate with the school society to educate their children, let alone any educational methods.

Third, the defects of school education.

Schools are specialized educational institutions and an important position for training and educating young people. A person's knowledge source is mainly taught by the school, and the school will also play an important role in the formation of a person's ideological and moral character. Schools not only impart scientific and cultural knowledge to students, but also shape their souls. Some defects and mistakes in individual school education have had a negative impact on teenagers, mainly in the following four aspects:

1, the guiding ideology of individual schools is not clear enough. The school focuses on teaching and imparting knowledge. Some schools only pay attention to intellectual education, emphasize the enrollment rate unilaterally, despise moral education, relax students' ideological and moral cultivation, and have weak political and ideological work.

2. Take an incorrect attitude towards students who have lost their lives, been absent from class for a long time, and have bad records, so that they will flow into the society and get into bad habits, which will eventually lead to illegal crimes. Some schools have a wrong understanding that teaching is the center of the school, and whether the work is good or not will not affect the direction of running a school.

3. Improper educational methods push students to the opposite side. In some schools, leaders and teachers can't hold a correct attitude towards students with poor academic performance, poor students and students with mistakes, thinking that they are "a fish in a pot of soup" and there is no hope. Discrimination, disgust, alienation, isolation, even satire, sarcasm and humiliation can only arouse their antipathy, which will not only fail to achieve the educational purpose, but will only lead them to abandon themselves and learn badly, thus embarking on the road of crime.

4. Ignoring the legal education in schools. The CPC Central Committee has established the strategic policy of governing the country according to law and building a socialist country ruled by law. Various laws and regulations have been issued frequently, but individual schools often ignore the publicity and education of the legal system and put a lot of energy into imparting subject knowledge. Students know little about legal common sense and have a very weak legal concept. In this regard, we might as well learn from foreign experience. The former Soviet Union and East Germany have made great achievements in school legal education.

Third, the subjective factors of juvenile delinquency

Outlook on life is the general source of understanding subjective factors.

Every delinquent teenager can find the answer from their outlook on life, which ultimately plays a decisive role. Perhaps some teenagers who commit crimes have no knowledge of life and have not formed a complete outlook on life because of the lack of ideas. But whether it is conscious crime or unconscious crime, the outlook on life is playing a leading role, affecting a person's actions and exerting an influence.

Second, the happiness concept of happiness first.

Pursuing pleasure and taking pleasure as the greatest happiness in life are the essential characteristics of the decadent exploiting class. A considerable number of juvenile delinquents enthusiastically pursue eating, drinking and various sensory stimuli, and regard this as the pleasure and purpose of life. Therefore, this has also become the spiritual motive force of their crimes. They often spread reactionary toxins among juvenile offenders and edify each other.

Third, the concept of money worship is omnipotent.

Worship and infatuation with money, this decadent idea is the product of private ownership in capitalist society. With the deepening of China's reform and opening up, the ideology of the bourgeoisie is deepening, eroding the vast number of young people, especially the theory that money talks. Some people think that money makes the mare go, and the desperate pursuit of money by illegal teenagers is linked to the desperate pursuit of material enjoyment. The desire for material enjoyment is too high.

Four brothers' loyal friendship view

Brotherhood, the manifestation of feudal ideology, is the basis for the formation of criminal gangs and the spiritual chain that binds young criminals. All gang members have a strong brotherhood. Teenagers who commit crimes are upside down in moral concepts, regardless of good and evil, and regard brotherhood as a symbol of doing things and measuring friendship. Dude, this decadent concept of loyalty is extremely harmful. It is the link to maintain gang crime, and it is also the means for gang leaders to control and win over criminal teenagers. It is often said that it is shameful to betray your friends. The influence of buddy loyalty on the formation of gangs is a force that endangers social order and destroys a lot. When gangs commit crimes, many people often form a large-scale duel and develop into underworld forces.

Heroic passport to desperate hegemony

The revolutionary heroism of the proletariat and the heroic concept of desperate hegemony that we advocate are two opposing moral concepts. Despair and hegemonic heroes are in charge of the extreme personal interests pursued by rogue proletarians and the root causes of criminal acts driven by brotherhood. However, juvenile offenders often confuse heroic acts with desperate hit-and-run crimes, failing to draw a clear line between honor and shame, courage and sin. Some people investigated 16 teenagers who committed beating crimes, and 9 of them thought that their beating behavior was a manifestation of being brave, accounting for 56.2% of the total crimes.

6. The bourgeois concept of freedom

In recent years, with the implementation of the reform and opening-up policy, the trend of bourgeois liberalization has influenced some teenagers who lack historical experience and life experience. A few of these teenagers consciously or unconsciously pursue bourgeois democracy, freedom and individual liberation, pursue bourgeois lifestyle, deviate from the Four Cardinal Principles, and even engage in illegal and reactionary organizations. Many facts tell us that the seriousness of bourgeois liberalization to young people cannot be underestimated. Therefore, we must do a good job in the ideological and political education of teenagers, which is of great significance to prevent and reduce juvenile delinquency.

My opinion on preventing juvenile delinquency comes from: free paper net

Fourth, prevent juvenile delinquency.

We study juvenile delinquency in order to reduce and eventually eradicate this social problem. It is not easy to do this. Long-term experience tells us that to solve this problem, we must not only rely on the legal system and punishment, but also rely on the whole society to organize, mobilize the strength of the whole party, take effective measures to prevent crime, and most effectively reduce and control the occurrence of juvenile delinquency. Judging from the law of juvenile delinquency, the quality of prevention directly affects the crime rate. On September 20, 2002, the leading group meeting of the Central Committee for Comprehensive Management of Juvenile Delinquency was held in Beijing. The meeting emphasized that the prevention of juvenile delinquency should be based on education, protection and prevention.

First, strengthen moral education.

At present, juvenile delinquency often develops from moral problems to crimes. Their moral concepts are chaotic, their moral standards are declining, they are proud of humiliation, and their right and wrong are reversed, resulting in criminal psychology and behavior. It is normative, but a very important feature of morality. It uses good and evil to understand, evaluate and grasp the relationship between anyone in social life. Morality is different from law, which is not formulated and enforced by the state, but is maintained by the power of public opinion, people's beliefs, habits, traditions and education. When a person has immoral behavior, the pressure of public opinion, the accusation of the masses and the blame of conscience will have a great effect on him. It can be said that public opinion is the judge of the masses and conscience is the inner court. No immoral behavior can escape his "trial". Therefore, morality is an invisible force that dominates people's behavior. The morality of * * * is a scientific and advanced morality, which makes people obey the law, advocate science and help others. Teenagers should pay attention to methods and practical results in moral education.

First of all, education should proceed from reality, from shallow to deep, step by step, and gradually establish teenagers' moral concepts. First of all, we should start with small things and choose some topics acceptable to teenagers to solve gradually. Secondly, moral education should not only engage in dry preaching and preaching, but also aim at the characteristics of young people, take advantage of the situation, carry out colorful activities, and strive to be popular, interesting, targeted, fresh and entertaining, so that young people can receive concrete, vivid and vivid education in the process of participating in activities, such as organizing some exhibitions of traditional revolutionary deeds and attending English model reports, otherwise, it is impossible to achieve good results. The cultivation of moral quality is a long-term and meticulous work, which must be started from childhood, from young children and cultivated bit by bit.

Second, strengthen legal education.

Strengthening the legal education of teenagers is an important problem to be solved urgently.

Although law and morality belong to the category of code of conduct, they are obviously different. Laws are formulated by the state and implemented by the state, regardless of individual wishes. Law-abiding and illegal, crime and non-crime, should be distinguished and adjusted by legal means and legal norms, but the relationship between law and morality is extremely close, and they interact and complement each other. While doing a good job in moral education, we should give systematic legal education to teenagers, so that they can know and understand the law and the basic contents of our country's laws, especially the rules, articles of association and regulations directly related to teenagers' daily life. The law should let them know what is right, what is wrong, what is allowed by law and what is forbidden by law, realize that it is the obligation of every citizen to abide by the law, and establish a firm legal concept.

Starting from 198 1, "legal knowledge" is offered in the second to sixth grades of junior high school. Many schools will invite leaders of public security and judicial departments and legal workers to give lectures and educate students on the legal system. Recently, the school has carried out long-term activities to hire legal counselors and vice presidents all over the country, which has played a very good role in helping students enhance their legal concept. As for how to carry out legal education, we can and should learn from foreign experience. For example, in the former Soviet Union, they put legal education in an important position, and the school issued an outline of legal education. In order to implement the teaching of legal subjects, they trained corresponding teachers. In addition, the former Soviet Union also attached importance to extracurricular legal education, carried out extracurricular legal education and activities, established a fixed organizational form of extracurricular legal education in various places, and also formulated a legal education system in Germany, including moral education and legal education.

Strengthen family and school education

Family and school are the main positions for early crime prevention. Facts tell us that one of the important reasons for teenagers to commit crimes is closely related to their parents' bad behavior, improper family education, lax teacher management and unhealthy school atmosphere.

1. Family is the earliest social environment that individuals come into contact with and plays an important role in the growth of teenagers. A normal family provides a necessary nurturing environment for children's emotional security, growth and development needs, and emotional and personality stability. Family is the cradle of teenagers' growth and development, and the first school to train future citizens. Marx said that "the occupation of parents is to educate their children". Parents must regard educating their children as an important task. As parents, we must take appropriate and effective measures. Parents must be strict with themselves and set an example for their children. Don't spoil children too much, and don't stick to them. Parents should not only care about their children in life, but also care about their children ideologically and morally, so that their children can develop morally, intellectually and physically. At the same time, parents should always pay attention to their children's situation and observe their activities, behaviors, feelings, will, diet, clothing, relations with others and so on. Bad behavior should be found early, so as to put an end to or reduce the occurrence of crimes.

In an article, Washington post put forward several basic principles for parents to educate their children to grow up healthily. We might as well refer to them. (1) Attribution rule: ensure that children grow up in a healthy family environment. ② Law of Hope: Always let children see hope. 3 strength rule: never compete with children. 4 management rules: parents have the responsibility to control their children before they are underage. ⑤ Voice rule: Although children have no decision-making power at home, they must listen to their voices. 6 example rule: the influence of words and deeds on children is enormous. ⑦ Rule of seeking common ground while reserving differences: Respect children's views on the world and try to understand them. ⑧ Punishment rule: This rule is easy to make children have rebellious psychology and revenge psychology, so use it with caution. Pet-name ruby Consequence Rule: Let children know the possible consequences of their actions when observing the world. Attending structural rules: teach children to understand the boundaries between morality and law from an early age. ⑾W rule: Always know who the child is with, where he is, what he is doing, and when he will go home.

2. School is the place where young people have the most contact outside the family, and it is the main position to train young people. It is necessary not only to impart basic cultural knowledge and skills to young people, but also to cultivate and exercise their ideological morality, ideals and beliefs and Chile. Therefore, in school, ideological work and style of study have a direct impact on the growth of young people.

Our country has always attached importance to school education. In the decades after the founding of the People's Republic of China, due to the implementation of the education policy of all-round development of morality, intelligence and physique, the school has greatly developed and improved in quantity and quality. However, in recent years, with the changes of society, some new situations have appeared in school education, which requires us to continuously strengthen the school's educational management and ideological and political work and play an important role in preventing juvenile delinquency and cultivating a new generation. In view of some defects in schools, the following work should be strengthened in crime prevention.

First of all, we should correct the school-running ideology, fully implement the Party's educational policy, resolutely correct the wrong tendency of one-sided pursuit of enrollment rate, attach great importance to and strengthen moral education and legal education, improve students' moral quality and consciousness level, establish a good school spirit, and truly achieve all-round development of morality, intelligence and physique, and pay equal attention to goodness, mediocrity and inferiority. Secondly, we should pay attention to the management and education of poor students and students with bad behavior to prevent muddling through. Finally, we should organically combine school education, family education and social education, pay close attention to implementation, and do not provide students with bad behavior with opportunities to commit crimes.

Fourth, purify the social environment

1The Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency, adopted at the 10th meeting of the 9th the NPC Standing Committee on June 28th, 999, is the first special law to prevent juvenile delinquency in China and even in the world. The law has made clear provisions on purifying the social environment, such as stipulating that business premises are not allowed to sell alcohol and tobacco to minors; It is forbidden to set up commercial song and dance halls, commercial electronic game places and other places that are not suitable for minors to enter near primary and secondary schools; Publications for minors shall not contain contents that induce minors to commit crimes, solo dances, audio-visual products or electronic publications that promote violence, pornography, gambling and terrorist activities that endanger the physical and mental health of minors. The "Regulations on the Administration of Internet Service Business Places" promulgated a few days ago also clearly stipulates that minors are not allowed to enter commercial Internet cafes, and Internet cafes are not allowed within 200 meters of primary and secondary schools. The implementation of laws and regulations is helpful to improve and purify the social environment and create a good cultural environment for the healthy growth of teenagers, which should be strengthened. At the same time, it is suggested to regularly carry out activities such as reading and popular science competitions, correctly guide young people to learn advanced cultural knowledge, enable more green websites to filter unhealthy content, make efforts in the development of educational resources software, and move some wonderful TV programs for young people online. Retaining young people in content is more fundamental than simply "blocking" and "banning".

In a word, juvenile delinquency is a social problem, and we should solve it as a social system project. The implementation of comprehensive management is a measure of public security management in China, which has achieved remarkable results for many years and has had a significant impact at home and abroad. This is of far-reaching significance to prevent and reduce social crimes, strengthen youth education, solve various practical problems of young people as a whole, and promote their healthy growth. At present, the efforts to strengthen the legal system in China are increasing. There are thousands of written laws and regulations at present. However, relying solely on legal coercion is very passive. We should call on the whole society to mobilize all forces, let families, schools and all walks of life actively participate in the comprehensive management project, and combine extensive rights protection, ideological education and illegal punishment for young people. Strengthen legislative protection, increase the inclination of people's resources and financial resources, take education as the basis and punishment as the supplement, keep pornography, gambling, drugs and all social evils away from them, give young people a pure living and learning space, and create a new situation of social security in China.