Abstract: Appreciation education, as an educational method advocating encouragement and tolerance, has been applied to all aspects of school education. By analyzing the law of children's psychological development, this paper expounds the important role of appreciation education in family education, and puts forward some methods and suggestions for family appreciation education.
Keywords:: Appreciating and educating families
In recent years, Appreciate education? Educators have different views on the rise of the country. Appreciate education in educational institutions such as primary and secondary schools? This idea has been responded and implemented a lot, and teachers have also tested it through their own practice, and talked about their own views on this educational attitude and how to apply it reasonably to education. However, most people are concerned about education, and school education is the main carrier. But family is the first place for children to receive education. what do you think? Appreciate education? How to choose the influence on children's growth? Appreciate education? The status and role in family education, this study did not specifically elaborate and summarize. Therefore, this paper will make some personal understanding and evaluation of appreciation education, and put forward some suggestions on how to implement appreciation education in the family.
1. What does appreciation education mean?
1. Isabella Chow and? Appreciate education?
Mention? Appreciate education? You must tell Isabella Chow. Now people who know a little about appreciation education know this successful family educator, and most people think that appreciation education comes from this father's understanding of education. Isabella Chow is an ordinary worker in Nanjing. Facing his deaf daughter, Zhou Tingting, he didn't lose heart, nor did he relax his education and cultivate his children with his heart. In 20001year, Zhou Tingting entered Gatorade University, the best deaf university in the United States, to study for master's and doctor's degrees, and in 2002, she became one of the most influential outstanding women in China women's era at home and abroad in 20001year. Isabella Chow believes that the secret of successful education lies in the mentality of parents, who trust their children unconditionally from the bottom of their hearts? Okay？ ! He firmly believes that children should be praised, affirmed, praised, criticized and denied? Black boy? Give the child a thumbs-up and say? Can you do it? ,? Are you great? , even? Out of thin air? , he repeatedly said? Every child is a genius and a master! Good boy is bragging! ? And call it? Appreciate education? .
Isabella Chow's idea has aroused great repercussions in the education field, and has been supported by many scholars, and some even claim that? Appreciation education is a brand-new educational concept? , called Isabella Chow? Appreciate education? The founder of. For this, the author does not agree, thinking that such a big conclusion still needs in-depth thinking and consideration:
First of all, the concept of appreciation education is not recent, but has existed in China for a long time. Fun and education? Something like that Yan Yuan of the Qing Dynasty, 400 years ago, had a wise saying: It is better to win one prize than dozens. ? It's not hard to see that this is typical? Appreciation? Method. Abroad, Spencer also proposed it as early as19th century? Happy education? The idea. He advocates letting children master knowledge in a happy mood, and thinks that positive and optimistic mood is helpful to the development of personality and intelligence. To make children happy, parents' affirmation and support are needed, so that families can create a harmonious and pleasant atmosphere and children can experience the joy of success. Is that all? Appreciate education? In that case, how can we say that appreciation education was initiated by Isabella Chow? Not to mention the concept of education? Invention? .
Second, about? Educational philosophy? On the one hand, it is debatable whether it is appropriate as Professor Zhao Zhongxin of Beijing Normal University said. Educational philosophy? It is a set of educational theory, which is highly abstract and general, and needs long-term repeated verification and practical research. Appreciate education? Just a summary of a father's experience in educating disabled children. At best, it can only be regarded as personal educational experience or experience. Why does it rise to the conceptual level, and how can it be so easily extended to all ordinary children? What does the author think is popular today? Appreciate education? Isabella Chow's idea is that his own understanding of it through practice represents his own thoughts, but? Appreciation? Every scholar can have his own different understanding and views on the concept itself and the concept of education itself. This ancient educational method cannot be defined by one person's theory. Appreciation? The educational ideas it covers are broad, and we can't cover them all with one word.
2. About what? Appreciation? The educational thought of
The definition of appreciation in Ci Hai is: recognizing the talents or values of others, and paying attention to and praising them. Appreciation is essentially love and a state of mind, not only an educational method and idea, but also a way of thinking and mentality of educators. Appreciation education is to advocate replacing doubt with trust, replacing anxiety with tolerance and patience, and replacing constant accusation and degradation with love and tolerance. It requires educators to give their children trust and respect no matter how they behave. Appreciating children is not limited to behavior and appearance, nor is it limited to one party to the other, but to convey a belief to children. Through the appreciation of others, children can learn to love themselves, learn to affirm themselves, know themselves correctly, and grow up with a happy and positive attitude.
Many people unilaterally understand appreciation education as praise and recognition, and think that appreciation means giving praise when children behave well, or giving affirmation when children behave badly. Children have a balance in their hearts, and they will have their own evaluation of their own behavior, and they don't need their parents to give affirmation and praise blindly or perfunctory. The essence of appreciation education lies in awakening and liberating children's own strength, and making children believe that they are an excellent person who is respected and needed by others, and a person who can bring happiness to others, rather than eager for superficial praise from parents or teachers. Appreciation education is not equal to a technology or behavior itself, but an educational feeling and accomplishment. The success of education lies in making children form a strong self, thus being self-disciplined and self-motivated. This is the purpose of appreciation, not simply the pursuit of affirmation and praise from others.
Second, the psychological basis of children's appreciation education
1. From the perspective of developmental psychology
Teenagers' physical development is very rapid, and they can reach the mature level within 2-3 years, but their psychological development is relatively slow, which makes their body and mind in an unbalanced state and is prone to various psychological contradictions. At the same time, adolescence is also the second leap in the development of self-awareness. Sensitive evaluation of others, strong self-concern and strong self-esteem make adolescent children urgently need the affirmation of others. The research of developmental psychology shows that in adolescence, one of the common emotional troubles is inferiority, low self-evaluation, often being sensitive, covering up and denying one's own defects, and sometimes showing strong vanity. This has also triggered a series of psychological contradictions, such as anxiety, depression, loneliness and so on. Therefore, in adolescence, families should pay more attention to their children, help them deal with psychological problems and pressures, give them affirmation and appreciation in time, and help them establish a good psychological mechanism.
2. From the perspective of psychoanalysis theory.
Psychoanalysis attaches great importance to people's early experience, especially in family of origin as a child. They believe that many psychological problems in adulthood can be traced back to all the trauma or special experiences in early childhood. This shows that the family's growing environment plays an indelible and powerful role in people's mental health. Affection with family, harmonious family and healthy and positive growth environment are all important factors affecting children's mental health. Within the family, every family member should not only be kind to children, but also learn to appreciate each other and create a warm and inclusive atmosphere, which is very meaningful. Appropriate affirmation and timely praise will play a great role in establishing a healthy psychological mechanism and shaping a positive and sunny attitude for children, and will play a good guiding role in their subsequent development.
3. From the perspective of behaviorism theory
Whether it is an infant child or a teenager, it has the * * * nature that human beings have. The research of behaviorism school shows that the formation of ideas and habits needs to be strengthened. If a child makes a correct step, parents will give him a reward and intensive stimulation, which will make him tend to follow this correct step when making choices in the future; Similarly, when a child makes a wrong behavior, parents will punish him, that is, negative reinforcement, which will make the child avoid this behavior and avoid committing it again in the future. And then what? Appreciation? Undoubtedly, this is also a kind of psychological reinforcement. Therefore, from this perspective, when children make progress or perform well, parents should give timely praise and feedback, which can promote children to develop in the right direction. But it also needs one? Appreciate? The experimental principle of behaviorism school proves that when reinforcement is stimulated again and again, its role will gradually weaken. So,? Appreciation? It also needs a correct strength and method, which the author will supplement in the following implementation measures.
Third, suggestions on correct appreciation.
1.？ Know first and then reward? , principled, not blind.
? Appreciation? , only in? Do you know? What is the basis? Reward? , is the real appreciation. After all, education is a rational cause. Praise for the sake of praise is to make children feel unreal and insincere, thus causing disgust. Please praise can only make children feel the hypocrisy of their parents, stimulate their self-esteem and fail to achieve good results. Appreciation does not mean coddling and unconditional accommodation. Appreciation does not need to be blindly obedient and tolerant. But on the premise of full understanding, we should find the bright spots and missing things in children, and affirm them from the heart, aiming at a specific aspect, rather than talking in general terms? You are a good boy. Isn't that great? Empty praise like that.
Family is the most relaxed environment for children to grow up. Parents watch their children grow up step by step, and they have the responsibility, time and energy to understand their children, see their hearts and communicate more, so as to observe their true thoughts. Compared with the school environment, education in the family is more targeted, and it is difficult for teachers to know every student like the back of their hands. However, parents can, so the praise and affirmation of children in the family should be specific. If a child is rarely praised by his parents, then the sudden change of parents and casual boasting will only make the child feel false and at a loss. There are also some parents who appreciate it for the sake of appreciation. Before one's children have achieved success, it is often counterproductive to praise them in a perfunctory way to show encouragement, so that children no longer believe in the so-called praise. Most children have correct self-judgment ability, whether from teachers or classmates, they will have a comprehensive evaluation of their achievements. Only sincere and well-deserved praise can directly penetrate people's hearts, impress children and build self-confidence.
2. Accept differences, trust and respect
As mentioned earlier, Isabella Chow emphasized in promoting appreciation education? Every child is a genius and a master! ? I don't quite agree with this. First of all, it is unrealistic to expect every child to become a master and genius. Everyone has his own position and the length of his fingers, let alone a person. Children who study in the same class are bound to have good and bad. Even if you are engaged in your favorite industry in the future, not everyone can go to the forefront of the field. Secondly, do you appreciate children because you hold the belief that every child is a master and a genius? I don't think so. Appreciation is simply praising his worthy behavior. Even though he is still inferior to others, every progress made through hard work is worth appreciating.
3. Relaxation is moderate, but too much is not enough.
? Appreciation? Its role in family education is unquestionable, but it should not be overdone. Why do the current media and education circles always make a fuss about the only child? They always find that there are moral problems of one kind or another. It is precisely because of various problems that family education came into being under the special background of family planning in China. In fact, many parents today think they are? Appreciation? Children do well in this respect, but they misunderstand? Appreciation? What it really means is that loving children is obedience, and raising children is responsive. Whenever children make a little progress, they will publicize and praise, and even give generous material rewards. In the long run, how can children establish correct values? So-called? Too much? Appreciation education is like a child's dessert. It is better to eat properly. Excessive use will inevitably lead to vicious consequences and should not be allowed to become? Only? .
4. Examples speak louder than words.
One of the reasons why psychology emphasizes the importance of family background to children's growth is the influence of hearing and hearing on children. Whether children or teenagers in infancy, their learning speed and assimilation speed are very fast, and their outlook on life and values are in a very unstable period, which is easily influenced by the surrounding environment. Family members are children's long-term environment, and their personality and behavior are always in children's eyes, which can be ignored.
5. In criticism? Appreciation?
Many articles about appreciation education attribute appreciation to praise and praise, and think that criticism is not appreciation. In fact, this cannot be generalized. Students who are criticized by teachers may also be criticized with appreciation. ? Reasonable criticism? What else? Appreciation? Part of education. What matters is the way and attitude of criticism. What principles should parents pay special attention to? The right thing, not the person? . Criticism and punishment should be well-founded, so that children can be convinced of something and admit their mistakes, not a big blow to their personality itself. In addition, after criticizing and punishing children, we should wait for their changes with a tolerant attitude, allow them to repeat or spend time, as educational researchers have said? Education is an art of waiting? . After all, family is the last guarantee for a child to be inclusive. He needs to be accepted, and he needs time to correct and improve.
Fourth, summary.
To sum up,? Appreciate education? Development is not new so far; It has a long history and profound content, which can not only be explained by some educational experience or some successful ways and means, but also deserves in-depth study by educators from both theoretical and practical perspectives. Today's appreciation education? Many families and teachers are familiar with this educational thought, but they may not understand its true meaning and essence. Is the author right? Appreciation? This educational attitude expresses some opinions and suggestions, hoping to help family education. In addition, this paper only looks at the application of appreciation education attitude from the perspective of family education. Although there have been many research articles on the implementation of appreciation education in schools and how teachers should realize it, there are few such studies, and there is a lack of combining them, or comparing or reconciling them. Appreciation? The research of education can also be developed and deepened in this respect, so as to realize the good cooperation between family and school education.
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