What are the similarities and differences between primary batteries and secondary batteries?
The primary battery can only be discharged once, and the secondary battery (also called rechargeable battery) can be used repeatedly. When the rechargeable battery is discharged, there are reversible changes between the electrode volume and structure, so it is necessary to adjust these changes in the design, while the interior of the primary battery is much simpler because it is not necessary to adjust these reversible changes. The mass specific capacity and volume specific capacity of primary batteries are larger than those of ordinary rechargeable batteries, but the internal resistance is much larger than that of secondary batteries, so the load capacity is lower. Another battery is much simpler.
What is IEC standard?
IEC standard is the International Electrotechnical Commission (International
Electricity-related
Commission) is a worldwide standardization organization composed of national electrotechnical committees, aiming at promoting the standardization in the field of electrotechnics and electronics in the world. Among them, the standards for nickel-cadmium batteries are as follows
"C60285", the standard of nickel-hydrogen battery is IEC6 1436, and the standard of lithium-ion battery is IEC6 1960. Generally, the battery industry is in accordance with the standards of Sanyo or Panasonic.
What are the common standards for batteries?
IEC standards commonly used for batteries are:
The standard of nickel-cadmium battery is IEC 602851999;
The standard of Ni-MH battery is IEC 6141998 438+0;
The standard of lithium battery is
iec 6 19602000. 1 1 .
Commonly used national standards for batteries are:
The standard of nickel-cadmium battery is GB/T.
1 10 13 _ 1996 GB/T
18289_2000;
The standard of Ni-MH battery is GB/T.
15 100 _ 1994 GB/T
18288_2000;
The standard of lithium battery is
GB/T
10077_ 1998, yard/ton
998_ 1999,
GB/T
18287_2000。
In addition, the commonly used standard for batteries is Japanese industrial standard JIS.
C
Battery standard
And battery enterprise standards formulated by Sanyo and Panasonic.
What is the electrochemical principle of nickel-cadmium battery?
Ni(OH)2 is used as positive electrode, CdO is used as negative electrode, and alkaline solution (mainly KOH) is used as electrolyte. When the nickel-cadmium battery is charged, the positive electrode reaction is as follows.
Nickel hydroxide
–e
Oh-
→
Neo
H2O
Reaction on the negative electrode:
cadmium hydroxide
2e
→
cadmium (Cd)
2OH-
The total reaction is 2Ni(OH)2.
Cadmium hydroxide →
2NiOOH
cadmium (Cd)
2H2O
When discharging, the reaction is carried out in reverse NiOOH.
H2O
e→
Nickel hydroxide
Oh-
cadmium (Cd)
2OH-
2e→
cadmium hydroxide
When charging, with the increase of NiOOH concentration and the decrease of Ni(OH)2 concentration, the positive potential gradually increased, while with the increase of Cd and the decrease of Cd(OH)2, the negative potential gradually decreased. When the battery is fully charged, the potentials of the positive electrode and the negative electrode both reach an equilibrium value, and the difference between the two potentials is the charging voltage of the battery.
What is the electrochemical principle of Ni-MH battery?
Ni-MH battery uses the same nickel oxide as Ni-Cd battery as positive electrode, hydrogen storage metal as negative electrode, and alkaline solution (mainly KOH) as electrolyte. When charging the Ni-MH battery, the positive reaction is as follows:
Nickel hydroxide
–e
Oh-
→
Neo
H2O
Negative reaction: MHn
Original name
→
M
Nitrogen/hydrogen
When discharging, the positive electrode: NiOOH
H2O
e
→
Nickel hydroxide
Oh-