In the real study and work, everyone has tried to write a paper. The thesis is a kind of reasoning article that studies in various academic fields and describes the achievements of academic research. So, have you understood this paper? The following is my collection of greenhouse cucumber cultivation techniques and disease control papers, welcome to learn and reference, I hope to help you.
abstract:
Cucumber is a very important fruit and vegetable crop with good economic benefits in all agricultural planting, and it is one of the most important edible vegetables in people's daily diet. With the increasing market demand for cucumbers, people have higher and higher requirements for the taste and quality of cucumbers. Therefore, it is of great significance to learn the cultivation techniques of cucumber in greenhouse and study the prevention and control of cucumber diseases and insect pests. This paper briefly introduces the greenhouse cultivation techniques of cucumber, and puts forward the control measures of cucumber diseases and insect pests.
Key words:
Cucumber in greenhouse; Planting techniques; Pests and diseases; Preventive and control measures;
introduce
With the wide application of greenhouse cucumber planting technology in recent years, the time for cucumber to go on the market has been extended. At present, the output of cucumber has been greatly improved, and cucumber planting in greenhouse can meet the great market demand. Due to the advantages of greenhouse planting technology, cucumber planting can greatly reduce the influence of season and climate, so that cucumbers can be supplied all year round, effectively alleviating market demand.
1, Analysis of Cucumber Planting Techniques in Greenhouse
1. 1. Cucumber variety selection and greenhouse seedling raising
Selecting cucumber varieties suitable for planting areas is an effective guarantee for cucumber quality and yield. Excellent cucumber varieties can not only harvest higher yield, but also reduce the harm of pests and diseases to some extent. After selecting suitable cucumber varieties, it is necessary to carry out seedling raising. First, the selected cucumber seeds need to be moistened in clean water, then stirred in water at 55℃ for 6 hours, then taken out, and then left standing for more than 2 hours. The seed drying process is carried out indoors at about 27℃, and then some nutrient soil and sawdust are mixed together for culture. Finally, the greenhouse with suitable temperature is selected, and a small arch shed is added in the greenhouse to ensure that the seedling raising work can be successfully completed.
1.2, cucumber seedling management
After sowing cucumber, you can wait for the cotyledons of cucumber to grow out of the soil. During this time, the temperature must be controlled at around 20℃, and the temperature difference cannot fluctuate violently. After about a week, the seedlings can be transplanted into the nutrition bowl. When cucumber seedlings enter the flower bud differentiation stage, it is necessary to control the daytime temperature at about 25℃, so that cucumber seedlings can carry out photosynthesis. The temperature at night should be controlled at 13- 15℃, which can inhibit the consumption of respiration and help cucumber accumulate some nutrients in the body, thus effectively increasing the number of female flowers and reducing the node position. During this period, the bed soil should be kept moist, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea should be used as topdressing reasonably to ensure the healthy growth of cucumber seedlings.
1.3, cucumber seedling colonization
When the seedling age of cucumber seedlings is about 30-40 days, the transverse diameter of the stem is about 0.6-0.8cm, and the plant height is about 10cm, the leaves of cucumber seedlings are flat and full, and the color is dark green, reaching three leaves, one heart or four leaves, and sowing can be carried out. When planting, the row spacing of seedlings should be kept at about 60cm, and the spacing of seedlings in each row should be well controlled. Seeding seedlings is the key stage of cucumber seedling transplanting. If the cucumber seedlings are not operated correctly at this stage, it will have a great impact on the survival rate of cucumber seedlings. Therefore, before planting, the seedlings can be reasonably fertilized and loosened to keep the seedlings in a good state in the soil where they are planted, and in addition, the temperature, humidity and fertility should be controlled at the best level. While ensuring the survival rate of cucumber seedlings after colonization, the temperature should be kept at 25℃, so as to ensure that cucumber seedlings can recover their vitality in a short time and avoid the influence of temperature, resulting in low survival rate of seedlings and ultimately affecting the effect of colonization.
1.4, site management
Half a month before planting, it is necessary to dig ditches and fertilize the planting area. After determining the nutrients in the soil and the amount of fertilizer required for the growth of cucumber seedlings in the current growth environment, it is usually necessary to apply 30kg of compound fertilizer, 2000-3000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and high-quality biological fertilizer 10kg as base fertilizer per mu. Top dressing is needed at any time during the growth of cucumber, and the total amount is 50 kg urea and 55 kg potassium sulfate per mu. Fertilization should follow the principle of small amount and more meals, so that soil fertility can be kept in a suitable range, which can not only meet the growth needs of seedlings, but also maintain a good soil structure. At the same time, drip irrigation can also be used to effectively control the water content in the soil and ensure the needs of seedling growth. When cucumber is cultivated in greenhouse, plastic film is also used to cover the planting area, which can not only control the growth of weeds, but also ensure the growth of seedlings.
2. Prevention and control of cucumber diseases in greenhouse
2. 1, cucumber black rot
Black rot is a common disease in cucumber growth. Its main manifestations are light brown or yellowish brown circular spots on leaves, diamond spots on cucumber branches and vines, and some transparent colloids often seep out, and even vines rot in severe cases. Because the disease is mainly hidden in the soil with diseased plant residues in the form of ascomycetes, the prevention and treatment of the disease is to treat the diseased plant in time, dig and bury the diseased plant or dig and burn it. In addition, disease-free fields and disease-free plants should be selected as seed plants to leave seeds. If the seeds are suspected to be infected, they can be disinfected. When crops are used to make organic fertilizers, enzyme bacteria can also be used to make compost to kill black rot fungi. In the prevention and treatment of diseases, the most important thing is to control the rational use and concentration of drugs in different onset periods. Generally treated with Sheng Da M-45, 80% Sheng Da M-45 and 50% carbendazim are fully mixed according to the ratio of 1: 1, and then diluted 600 times for spray control [1].
2.2, cucumber damping-off disease
The disease mostly occurs in cucumber seedling stage. If the seedlings suffer from this disease, it will cause heavy damage to the roots of the seedlings, leading to poor harvest of cucumber seedlings and even more serious death. For the control of damping-off, we only need to use efficient and nontoxic bactericide, and the commonly used bactericide is Sheng Da M-45. 80% Sheng Da M-45 and 50% carbendazim can be mixed at the ratio of 1: 1, diluted 600 times after mixing, and sprayed every 7- 10 days for 2-3 weeks.
2.3, cucumber flower topping phenomenon
From seedling stage to early fruiting stage, there are mixed flower clusters at the top of cucumber seedlings, and no new leaves can grow at the growing point. This phenomenon is top-notch. This disease leads to the growth lag of cucumber, which greatly reduces the yield and taste. In order to prevent and control this disease, it is necessary to raise the surface temperature above 10℃, and if necessary, dig ditches to dry the soil. The main purpose of this method is to reduce the water content in the soil. In addition, smaller cucumbers should be selected to protect seedlings and promote roots. For the topping phenomenon with low temperature at night, the temperature should be kept at 15℃ in the first half of the night and around 10℃ in the second half of the night.
3. Concluding remarks
In short, we need to pay attention to the cultivation of cucumber in greenhouse in many aspects, and at the same time introduce advanced technologies, such as Internet technology. In this way, the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse can be controlled, so as to establish a system with prevention as the main body and take comprehensive measures to prevent and control cucumber diseases and insect pests in the greenhouse, so that the cultivation of cucumber in the greenhouse can be better developed and more cucumbers with high quality and high yield can be harvested.
refer to
[1] Jin Chunfan. Cucumber cultivation techniques and pest control in greenhouse [J]. Agricultural technical service, 2015,32 (10): 68.
[2] Randelin. Cucumber planting technology and pest control technology in greenhouse [J]. Henan Agriculture, 20 18(26): 17+20.
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