The task of scientific socialism The theory, movement and social system of scientific socialism constitute another complete and closely related unity, and the task of scientific socialism is explained through the internal connection of this unity.

The content of scientific socialism

(1) The development of the contradiction between the sociality of production and the private ownership of capitalist means of production will inevitably lead to socialism replacing capitalism, and public ownership of means of production replacing private ownership of means of production. It scientifically discusses the objective law that capitalism will inevitably perish and socialism will inevitably win.

(2) The struggle between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie is a great lever of modern social change, and the proletariat appears as the grave digger of the bourgeoisie.

(3) The proletariat must overthrow the rule of the bourgeoisie and seize political power. After seizing political power, it will completely smash the old state machine and replace it with a new state institution in order to establish and consolidate the dictatorship of the proletariat.

The dictatorship of the proletariat is a transition to eliminate all classes and enter a classless society. Therefore, under the dictatorship of the proletariat, we must transform the whole society, develop productive forces, carry out socialist construction, and gradually realize the great goal of transition from socialist society to capitalist society. In addition, scientific socialism scientifically expounds the role of proletarian political parties in proletarian revolution and construction. Scientific socialism has distinct practicality, which has the most direct and close connection with the proletarian revolutionary movement and is the core of Marxist theoretical system.

First of all, scientific socialism is the core of Marxism.

1. Marxism and its three main parts

Marxist philosophy, Marxist economics and scientific socialism are three components of Marxism.

2. The internal relations of the three main parts of Marxism.

Marx and Engels carefully founded dialectical materialism and historical materialism, demonstrating that social existence determines social consciousness, productivity determines production relations, and economic base determines superstructure; At the same time, it is pointed out that social consciousness, production relations and superstructure have great reaction. The progress of science, technology and productivity is the driving force for the development of human society, and class struggle is an important driving force for the development of class society. These basic principles of historical materialism are the starting point for Marx and Engels to study the theme of proletarian and human liberation, and they are the first-level theory of Marxism.

Then, using the basic principles of historical materialism, this paper focuses on the laws of capitalist society, especially capitalist social and economic development, reveals the secret of surplus value exploitation, demonstrates the contradiction between socialized mass production and capitalist private ownership, and points out the inevitability of capitalist development to socialism. Marxist economics is the intermediary for Marx and Engels to study the theme of proletarian and human liberation, and it is the second level of Marxist theory.

Historical materialism and surplus value theory are the two theoretical foundations of scientific socialism. Finally, on the basis of these two theories, Marx and Engels expounded the historical role and mission of the proletariat, and reached the conclusion that the contradiction between the socialization of production and the private ownership of the means of production capitalists will inevitably lead to socialism replacing capitalism, which is generally the road and goal of the liberation of the proletariat and all mankind pointed out by scientific socialism, and also some basic principles of scientific socialism. Scientific socialism is the third-level theory of Marxism.

3. Scientific socialism is the core of Marxism.

First of all, judging from the relationship between the three major components of Marxism, since philosophy and economics are the starting point and intermediary, and socialism is the end point, if there is no end point, the starting point and intermediary will give up halfway and not be completed. In this particular sense, it can be said that scientific socialism is a more important part of Marxism than philosophy and economics, and it is the core part of Marxist theoretical system. Without scientific socialism, there is no Marxism, and it is not Marxism.

Secondly, judging from the guiding significance of theory to practice, it can be said that scientific socialism is an integral part of guiding the proletarian and human liberation movement more directly than Marxist philosophy and more comprehensively than Marxist economics.

Second, the research object and subject nature of scientific socialism

1. Scientific socialism can also be called Marxist socialism.

This is because utopian socialism existed before the birth of scientific socialism, as Marx pointed out in 1874: "Scientific socialism is only used to correspond to utopian socialism".

At the beginning of the 20th century, these two words were transplanted into Chinese by China people. 19 19 after the may 4th movement, scientific socialism and scientific * * * productism began to spread consciously and systematically in China.

2. Scientific socialism is a science that studies the general laws of changing the capitalist world and building a socialist world.

The research object of scientific socialism or socialism is to change the general laws of the capitalist world and build a socialist world. In other words, scientific socialism studies not only socialist society but also capitalist society. It takes capitalist society and socialist society as the research objects, and of course it also includes the national transition period from capitalist society to socialist society and the worldwide transition period.

3. Scientific socialism is a comprehensive science.

Scientific socialism is socialist politics.

Three Leaps of Scientific Socialism and Three Forms of Scientific Socialism Theory

1. Three historic leaps of scientific socialism

The fourth leap was from the early 1960s to the present. Socialism has changed from traditional mode to modern mode through reform, and gradually embarked on the road of healthy development.

Socialist thought came from nothing, initially from1the early 6th century to1the middle of 9th century.

The first historic leap in the understanding of socialist ideology was the development of socialism from utopia to science, which was realized in the forties and nineties of 19. This is Marx and Engels' scientific socialism. 19 17 after the victory of the socialist revolution in Russia in October, the process of scientific socialism from theory to reality began. This is the second historic leap in the understanding of socialist ideology, and scientific socialism has developed from Marxism to Leninism.

The third historic leap in understanding scientific socialism is being realized. From the end of World War II to the end of 1950s, socialism changed from one country to many countries, the world socialist system was formed, and Marxism became the guiding ideology of socialist countries.

Fourthly, the theoretical and practical significance of studying and studying scientific socialism.

1. Learning scientific socialism helps us to establish a scientific world outlook, a revolutionary outlook on life and correct values.

2. Learning scientific socialism helps us to learn specific scientific and professional disciplines well.

3. Studying scientific socialism will help deepen our understanding of socialism, improve our consciousness of implementing the basic program and line of the production party in the primary stage of socialism, and better contribute to the realization of China's socialist modernization.

4. Learning scientific socialism will broaden our horizons, enhance our analytical ability of the contemporary capitalist world, clarify the historical trend of socialism in the world, and strengthen our belief that socialism will surely win in the world.

Studying scientific socialism will help us understand the relationship between contemporary world socialism and world capitalism, clarify the policies we should adopt towards world capitalism in the reform and opening up, and gain insight into the future development trend of the world.

Five, study and study the basic methods of scientific socialism

1. integrating theory with practice

2. The world is connected with China.

3. Achievements are linked with setbacks.

4. Linking reality with history

5. Contact the future now

The first topic is utopian socialism.

The emergence and development of utopian socialism

First, the social and historical background of utopian socialism

From14th century to15th century, western European society entered the primitive accumulation period of capitalism, and handicraft workshops operated in a capitalist way began to appear. After the bourgeois revolution and industrial revolution, the capitalist economic and political system was basically established in Western Europe in the19th century. However, the unprecedented achievements of capitalism were bought at the same unprecedented social cost. The rapid expansion of capitalist mode of production is a process full of blood and fire.

It is in this sense that Marx hit the nail on the head and pointed out: "When capital comes to the world, blood and dirt are dripping from every pore from head to toe."

Socialist thought is the theoretical expression of the proletariat's struggle against the bourgeoisie, while utopian socialism is the theoretical forerunner of the early proletariat, reflecting their protest against capitalist exploitation and yearning for an ideal social system.

Second, the three historical stages of utopian socialism development

1. The first stage of utopian socialism development and its main characteristics

16th century to17th century was the period of primitive accumulation of capital, and the bourgeoisie began to form. Correspondingly, the struggle of the proletariat against the bourgeoisie appeared in the drought-resistant period, and its theoretical expression was the early utopian socialist ideological trend represented by British Moore, German menzel and Italian campanella.

Thomas? Moore (1478-1535) is a British humanist thinker and the founder of utopian socialism.

Thomas? Menzel (1489— 1525) was a German utopian socialist at the same time as Moore.

Thomas? Campanella (1568-1639), an Italian, was an early utopian socialist with the same fame as Moore and menzel.

The general characteristics of utopian socialism in this period are:

(1) They are basically a reaction to the primitive accumulation process of capitalism and the initial cry of modern proletarian pioneers for early capitalism.

(2) They all absorbed and transformed Plato's thought in ancient Greece, equality thought in early Christianity and bourgeois humanism thought that was booming at that time.

(3) They systematically expounded the socialist ideal for the first time in history. It opened a new era in the history of socialist thought.

(4) Their views on the future socialist ideal system are sketchy and lack of rigorous theoretical argumentation.

(5) Their ideal society is based on handicraft industry and small-scale peasant production, with obvious brand of small producers' thoughts.

(6) They generally do not recognize the historical rationality of capitalism, and regard capitalism, feudalism and all private ownership as just an evil system.

2. The second stage of utopian socialism development and its main features.

From the middle of17th century to the end of18th century, the bourgeois revolution broke out in Britain and France, which marked that the bourgeoisie had entered the historical stage as a powerful political and economic force.

Ye Mei (1664- 1729), Morelj (1720- 1780) and mably (1709- 1785) belong to/kloc-.

Francois Noe l Babeyf (1760- 1797) was an idealistic industrialist and a famous egalitarian revolutionary during the French Revolution.

3. The third stage of utopian socialism development and its main characteristics

There are three great utopias in European society:

Saint-Simon (1760-1825) was a great French utopian socialist at the beginning of the 9th century.

Fourier (1772- 1837) was another great utopian socialist thinker in France in the early 9th century.

Irving (1871-1858), 19 century British outstanding utopian capitalist thinker and practitioner.

/kloc-Utopian socialism in the early 0/9th century was the period when utopian socialism reached its peak. Its main characteristics are: the criticism is directed at the capitalist system; Theoretically, it is put forward that the economic situation is the foundation of the political system, and private ownership produces class and class exploitation, and from this point of view, it analyzes the history and present situation, thus predicting the exploitation essence of the capitalist system. When designing the blueprint of the future society, we take the big factory as the prototype, completely abandon egalitarianism and asceticism, and make socialism a highly developed society with material civilization and spiritual civilization.

The rational composition and historical limitations of utopian socialism in the second quarter

First, the rational components of utopian socialism

1. Utopian socialism exposes and criticizes capitalism, which provides extremely valuable historical documents and materials for studying the history of the rise of capitalism in the drought period, and also provides extremely valuable ideological materials for inspiring the qualifications of the working class.

2. Utopian socialism is an important ideological source of scientific socialism.

(1) Reflections on the regularity of social development.

(2) Abolish the idea of private ownership and wage labor.

(3) Thinking about the glory of labor and labor reform.

(4) the idea of organizing social production in a planned way.

(5) The idea of all-round development of human beings and replacing the old division of labor with the new one.

(6) The idea of building a harmonious and perfect society.

(7) the idea of vigorously developing science, prospering art and promoting people's all-round development.

(8) Thoughts on popularizing education and eliminating ignorance.

(9) Thoughts on eliminating the opposition and differences between urban and rural areas, industry and agriculture, and mental and manual labor.

(10) Thoughts on shortening working hours.

(1 1) Reflections on the future social distribution system.

(12) democratic political thought.

(13) Reflections on the construction of the rule of law

(14) Thoughts on the ways and methods to realize the ideal system

(15) Thoughts on establishing a lean professional revolutionary organization.

(l6) Thinking about the transitional period.

(17) Reflections on Implementing a Peaceful Foreign Policy

(18) The idea of national extinction and the idea of future social management.

(19) Thoughts on population development planning and population balance.

(20) Thoughts on women's liberation.

Second, the historical limitations of utopian socialism

1. Negative components of utopian socialism

(1) Slaves and slave labor still exist in the ideal society of some utopian socialists, such as Moore, Weinstein, Villar and others.

(2) The ideal society of some utopian socialists still retains colonies.

(3) Some utopian socialists discriminate against women and even advocate monogamy.

(4) Some utopian socialists' thoughts contain some religious mysticism factors.

(5) Some utopian socialists openly advocate egalitarianism and asceticism, among which Morelj and mably are the most typical representatives.

(6) Some utopian socialists' thoughts contain prejudice against social productive labor and labor inequality.

(7) A considerable number of utopian socialists pin their hopes for social change on one person or a few people.

(8) Some utopian socialists' thoughts and opinions have obvious political extremism, or contain political extremism.

(9) In some utopian socialist ideal societies, the life tenure of the top leaders still retains de facto inequality and even some privileges.

2. The historical limitations of utopian socialism

(1) Utopian socialism denies the inevitability of historical development, worships lucky contingency and advocates genius and heroic historical view.

(2) Utopian socialists can't see the power of the people, especially the power of the proletariat, so they have never found the material power to transform modern society.

(3) Utopian socialists leave class struggle to design, talk about and practice socialism, and their thoughts have to become empty talk, and their practical activities have to be full of childish fantasies.

(4) The theoretical basis of utopian socialists is rational principle, and their socialism is based on moral feelings.

(5) Utopian socialism "immature theory is compatible with immature capitalist production conditions and immature class conditions".

3. Historical achievements of utopian socialism theory.

First, the exposure and criticism of capitalism provided a lot of historical materials for the study of early capitalist society, and also provided many ideological materials to inspire workers' consciousness, making it one of the important ideological sources of scientific socialist theory.

Secondly, utopian socialists put forward some valuable predictions and opinions in various detailed descriptions of the future ideal society, and put forward a series of reasonable propositions and plans for the future ideal society on the basis of criticism.

Third, utopian socialists have guessed some social truths. Many utopian socialists put forward that the ideal society in the future is democracy and system, advocate democratic politics and election of public officials, and think that the development of human society has objective regularity, which all contain the factors of historical materialism.

Fourthly, utopian socialists put forward various ideas and carried out various experiments and struggles on how to realize an ideal society. Utopian socialists have designed two main ways to realize an ideal society. First, most people advocate eliminating social ills through social reform and finally achieving ideal social goals. Second, it advocates overthrowing the old society through revolution and violence and establishing an ideal society.

Third, the basic evaluation of utopian socialism

Utopian socialism is utopian and unattainable, but it is the world outlook of the early proletariat and the theoretical expression of the pioneer thought of the modern proletariat.

The second topic is Marx's scientific socialism.

First, the historical conditions for the establishment of scientific socialism

1. Social and economic conditions for the establishment of scientific socialism

The industrial revolution from the end of 18 century to the beginning of 19 century transformed capitalist production from handicraft workshops to large-scale machine production, greatly improving the level of capitalist productivity. But it also intensifies the basic contradictions in capitalist society, and economic crises often occur.

The first economic crisis occurred in Britain in 1825, and it has happened every ten years since then. The economic crises of 1836 and 1847 have affected the whole capitalist world, with many factories closing down, unsalable products, unemployed workers and uncertain livelihoods. At the same time, while the industrial revolution brought up capitalists, it also brought up a proletariat with a much larger number than it. This is the social and economic condition of scientific socialism.

2. The class foundation of scientific socialism.

The change of capitalist mode of production promoted the growth and maturity of the proletariat, and the European proletariat began to appear as an independent political force, which was the class foundation for the emergence of scientific socialism. The contradiction between the proletariat and capitalist production is more acute than in the past, and the struggle between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie has further developed.

lyon,worker's uprisings in

183 1 and 1834, a worker uprising occurred in Lyon, France. 183 1, more than 2000 workers took part, demanding higher wages, and conflicts broke out because of military and police repression. 1834, the workers went on strike again, which developed into a bigger conflict. This time, the workers demanded democracy and the country, which marked that the working class began to become a political force and began to compete with the bourgeoisie for political rights.

People's Charter Movement

The British constitutional movement from 1836 to 1848 was caused by the British parliamentary reform from 65438 to 0832, but the reform only met the requirements of the bourgeoisie. Active workers have no right to vote. 1836, workers set up a workers' association in London, demanding universal suffrage and canceling property qualification restrictions. Lenin called it "the first time-a real mass and political proletarian revolutionary movement". The uprising of textile workers in Silesia, Germany from 65438 to 0844 laid a class foundation for the emergence of scientific socialism theory.

3. The theoretical premise of scientific socialism.

(1) British classical economics

Representative: Adam? Smith and David? Ricardo. Their labor theory of value scientifically explains the source of commodity value, that is, the value of commodity is created by labor, and the value of commodity depends on the amount of labor to produce it, which is a great discovery. Labor is the only source of value, and the value created by labor is the source of wages, profits and land rent.

(2) German classical philosophy

Hegel and Feuerbach are masters of German classical philosophy. Hegel is a master of German idealist dialectics. The basic law of dialectics he founded reveals that the world is a world of constant movement, change and development, but his philosophy is idealistic in nature. Feuerbach regained the authority of materialism after idealism ruled Germany for a long time, but his materialism was metaphysical.

(3) Utopian socialist theory (see above)

Second, socialism has changed from fantasy to science.

1, the theoretical cornerstone of the establishment of scientific socialism

Historical materialism in Marxist philosophy is the first cornerstone of scientific socialism. The theory of surplus value in economics is the second cornerstone of scientific socialism.

The establishment of historical materialism reveals the general law of the development of human society and lays the foundation of world outlook for the establishment of scientific socialism. The theory of surplus value scientifically reveals the special laws of the development of capitalist society and provides an economic basis for the establishment of scientific socialism.

3. The publication of the Manifesto of the Productive Party marks the establishment of scientific socialism.

1847, the international "* * * producers' union" held its second congress. Entrusted by the Congress, Ma and En drafted the Declaration of the Producer Party of * * *, and officially published the Declaration of the Producer Party of * * * in 1848.

The Basic Contents of the Manifesto of the Productive Party

1. scientifically expounds the development history of human society.

2. Scientifically expounded two inevitability of the development of human society.

3. Scientifically expounded the historical position and mission of the proletariat.

4. The basic theory of proletarian revolution and dictatorship is expounded scientifically.

5. Scientifically expounded the basic theory of proletarian party.

6. Scientifically expounded the national and ethnic issues.

7. Scientifically expounded proletarian internationalism.

8. The basic outline of capitalism in the future is outlined scientifically for the first time.

4. Marx and Engels enriched and developed the theory of scientific socialism.

Marx and Engels' Summary of 1848 European Revolution

First, it is the fundamental way of proletarian revolution to break down the worn-out state machine by violence and establish proletarian political power.

Second, the alliance of workers and peasants led by the proletariat is the basic class force to win the revolution.

Third, "continuous revolution" is the fighting slogan and thought of the proletariat.

Fourth, the liberation movement of the oppressed nation is an ally of the proletarian revolution.

Marx and Engels' Summary of the Revolutionary Experience of the Paris Commune

First, the first condition of proletarian dictatorship is the army of the proletariat.

Second, the proletarian revolution can't use the old state machine to achieve its own goals, but must break the bourgeois state machine and establish its own state power.

Third, the proletariat must go through a long historical process to complete its historical mission.

Fourth, the proletariat must establish its own political party.

Marx and Engels' Summary of the Experience from Paris Commune to the Second International Production Revolution

First, it is proposed that the authority of Marxism must be established. After the 1970s of 19, revisionist thoughts appeared. At the same time, the establishment of Marxism, non-Marxist ideological trend or theory has not disappeared, and it has not disappeared until now. Therefore, the proletariat must establish the authority of Marxism in order to win the victory of revolution and construction.

Second, systematically study the stages of social development. It is pointed out that the first stage of socialist society is a socialist society, and "from each according to his ability, distribution according to work" is implemented. The second stage is the advanced capitalist society, which implements "from each according to his ability and distribution according to his needs".

Third, it further enriched and developed the theory of proletarian political parties. It is pointed out that proletarian political parties must have a scientific program, pay attention to struggle strategies and strengthen party building.

Fourthly, the theory and policy of socialist transformation are comprehensively discussed, and the tasks after the victory of the revolution are preliminarily discussed.

Four, the essential characteristics of scientific socialism and its great significance

1, the essential characteristics of scientific socialism

The essential feature of scientific socialism refers to the inherent stipulation that scientific socialism is different from other socialism and capitalism.

In socialist society, public ownership of the means of production is practiced. In the distribution system, socialist society implements "from each according to his ability, distribution according to work". Politically, we should uphold the leadership of the Party, take Marxism as the guiding ideology, and adhere to socialist ideology.

In the socialist society, public ownership of the means of production is still practiced, but personal consumer goods are "from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs".