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College: School of Civil Engineering and Architecture April 5, 2007
Structural design of office building in Xicheng District, Luoyang.
Student Name: Civil Engineering 033 Project Type Engineering Design of Lv Gangkui Professional Class
Lecturer Zhang Yihua is an associate professor.
1. Basis and significance of design (or research):
This project is a permanent building with multi-storey frame structure, and is an office building in Xicheng District, Luoyang City. The building has a total construction area of 8000㎡, the proposed location is given separately, and the seismic fortification intensity is 8 degrees.
According to urban planning, building scale and requirements, existing meteorological conditions (temperature, relative humidity, dominant wind direction and basic snow pressure), geological conditions of engineering site, material supply and construction conditions, the design is carried out. The office building in Xicheng District consists of the main building and the conference center. The main structure has 7 floors, and the interior and exterior decoration is general decoration.
Related design basis:
(1). Code for Design of Building Foundations (GB50007-200 1
(2) Code for Design of Concrete Structures (GB5000 10-2002)
(3) Code for Load of Building Structures (GB50009-200 1)
(4) Code for Seismic Design of Buildings (GB 500011-2001)
(5) Code for Design of Masonry Structures (GB50003-200 1)
(6) Unified standard of architectural drawing CB/T5000 1-200 1
(7) Drawing Standard for Building Structures GB/T50 105-200 1
(8) Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings (GB50045- 1995)
(9) Atlas of relevant standards, relevant teaching materials and relevant regulations.
Meaning:
In recent years, the frame structure has made great progress in the world, and many cities have generally built various types of frame buildings, including shopping malls, houses, hotels, office buildings and multi-functional buildings. It has become one of the realities that civil engineering students must face to participate in or engage in frame structure design after graduation.
Through the graduation project, I systematically summarized and applied the knowledge I learned during my college years. On the basis of being familiar with the task book, visiting similar buildings, consulting and collecting relevant design materials, comprehensively applying the learned knowledge, improving the application ability of comprehensive knowledge and systematically deepening the learned knowledge. And train me to solve the content and steps of architectural design and structural design independently, master the drawing method of structural construction drawing of architectural construction drawing, and lay a good foundation for future work.
At the same time, graduation design is the practical learning link of students' final study and comprehensive training in the first half of graduation, and it is an important process of deepening, broadening and comprehensive teaching. It is a comprehensive summary of students' learning, research and practice achievements; It is a comprehensive test of the training effect of students' comprehensive quality and practical ability; It is an important basis for students to graduate and obtain degree qualifications; It is also an important evaluation content to measure the quality and benefit of higher education. Therefore, every graduate should work hard to complete his graduation project and make himself a talent needed by society.
2. Overview of similar design (or similar research) at home and abroad.
Frame structure is a load-bearing structure system composed of beams and columns, which can bear vertical and horizontal loads. Generally, it is designed as a two-way beam-column lateral force resisting system, and the main structure should be rigidly connected. In seismic design, in order to coordinate deformation and distribute internal forces reasonably, the frame structure should not be designed as a single-span structure.
Under the vertical load, the bending of the beam is the main mechanical feature of the frame structure, and the bending moment at the beam end and mid-span becomes the controlling internal force of the beam structure. Under the action of horizontal load, the frame column bears horizontal shear force and column end bending moment, which leads to horizontal lateral displacement. At the beam-column joint, due to the coordinated deformation, bending moment and shear force are generated at the beam end, so the axial force, bending moment and shear force generated at the upper and lower sections of the column are the controlling internal forces of the column.
With the development of economy and the improvement of living standards, people also put forward higher requirements for building products, which should be safe, economical, practical and beautiful. As a kind of public building, government office building, compared with other public buildings, has not only the characteristics of * * *, but also its own unique characteristics. Its general characteristics are as follows:
(1). Modern government office buildings (especially urban office buildings) are generally high-rise and super-high-rise buildings, and a few low-level administrative units are multi-storey. This is mainly because with the development of economy and the acceleration of urbanization, a large number of people are constantly flocking to cities, which leads to the continuous expansion of the city scale, and more government agencies, units and staff are needed to manage and coordinate various relations within the jurisdiction. Therefore, government office buildings must provide enough office space for administrative staff at all levels. Now, with the emergence of a large number of high-rise buildings and the maturity of building technology, they have become the first choice for most government office buildings because they can provide a lot of building space.
(2) The main body mostly adopts frame structure or frame shear wall structure to meet the requirements of flexible layout, large bay and large depth of modern office buildings. Reinforced concrete is mostly used as the material, and steel structure is used locally to meet the requirements of bearing self-weight, live load and office equipment load, and to ensure sufficient strength and stability.
(3) In order to reduce the self-weight of the structure, aerated concrete blocks are mostly used in the interior filler walls of modern frame structures, and non-load-bearing clay hollow bricks are mostly used in the exterior walls.
(4) The government office building has a large area, a large number of users and great mobility. It is generally arranged as an inner corridor, with several elevators and stairs vertically arranged.
(5) As a special public building, government office buildings have different functions due to different users. Therefore, in the design, we should fully consider the requirements of facilitating the management of various departments.
(6) There are some special rooms in the government office building, such as conference room and press conference hall. Because of its large building area and empty interior, it is difficult to arrange columns, so it needs special attention and key consideration in structural design.
(7) Office environment will affect office efficiency. Therefore, modern government office buildings should fully consider the requirements of heat preservation, noise elimination and ventilation, and adopt new non-toxic decorative materials to reduce the impact on office staff. Special purpose rooms, such as conference rooms and press release rooms, should also be specially designed to meet their special requirements.
(8). With the increasing shortage of energy, buildings, as large energy consumers, should also fully consider environmental protection requirements. In modern government office buildings, new environmental protection technologies and materials are often used to minimize energy consumption and save energy.
(9) As a public building, the government office building must consider the traffic requirements to ensure the smooth flow of surrounding roads.
(10). In terms of safety monitoring, cleaning and hygiene, special personnel shall be responsible for it, so as to facilitate the work and the implementation of responsibilities.
3. The content of project design (or research)
In this project, the office building is designed according to the design task book, the building foundation is designed according to the geological conditions and various loads, the structure of each floor of the building main body is designed according to the load and the layout of the building, the dimensions and reinforcement of the beams and columns are designed, and the underground waterproof and moisture-proof of the building, roof waterproof and thermal insulation are designed according to the meteorological conditions, so as to meet the requirements of "practicality, safety, economy and beauty".
(1). Architectural scheme design
Draw the main plan, elevation and section, and indicate the size (drawing number 1), with the scale of 1: 200.
(2). Architectural construction drawing design
1). Plane: bottom plane, standard plane and top plane, with the ratio of1:100;
2) Facades: main fa? ade, back fa? ade and side fa? ade, with the ratio of1:100;
3) Section: main section (1: 100) and stair section (1:50);
4). Detailed drawing: nodes that need to be explained in detail, with the scale of 1: 10 or1:20;
5). General plan (1: 500), door and window table, and architectural design description.
(3). Structural construction drawing
1). Foundation plan and foundation details, with the scale of1:100;
2) Floor roof structure plan and node details, with the scale of1:100;
3). Details of reinforced joints of frame beams and columns, scale1:50;
4). Detailed drawings of some structural members with the scale of 1: 20 or1:10;
4. Design (or research) methods
The approximate calculation method of frame structure is adopted, and the internal force under vertical load is calculated by moment distribution method. When calculating the internal force under horizontal load, there is D value method. The horizontal earthquake action is calculated by bottom shear method;
Combined with the knowledge learned, make a preliminary design by consulting the reference materials, and then submit it to the tutor for review. After the approval, the drawings are completed by AutoCAD and manual, and the design instructions are compiled by Excel and word.
The approximate steps of structural part calculation:
1). Preliminary estimate of beam-column section size 2). Load calculation
3) Calculation of lateral displacement under horizontal earthquake 4) Calculation of lateral displacement under wind load
5). Calculation of internal force of transverse frame under horizontal earthquake 6). Internal force calculation of frame under vertical load.
7). Reinforcement of frame beams and columns 8). Calculation of reinforcement of slab
9). Stair reinforcement 10). Foundation design and reinforcement calculation
5. Implementation plan
Time spent designing content
1. English translation 1 week
2.2-week opening report and construction plan.
3. The determination, drawing and preparation of design specifications for various structures will last for 7 weeks.
4. Modify and organize 1 week
5. Examination, preparation and defense 1 week
Instructor's opinion
Teacher's signature: year month day.
Opinions of research institute (teaching and research section)
Signature of Director of Institute (Director of Teaching and Research Section): Year Month Day