With: a high degree of abstraction, strict logic.
The "Guidelines for Kindergarten Education" clearly points out:
You can feel the quantitative relationship of things from life and games, and experience the importance and interest of mathematics.
U guide children to be interested in the phenomena of number, quantity, shape, time and space in the surrounding environment.
Preliminary concept of construction number
U learn to solve some simple problems in life and games with simple mathematical methods.
Mathematics education in kindergarten:
1, focus on static knowledge-focus on dynamic knowledge.
2. Pay attention to representation knowledge-pay attention to action knowledge.
3. Pay attention to "mastering" knowledge-pay attention to "building" knowledge.
First, scientifically and reasonably design kindergarten mathematics education activities;
Expectations on the objectives, contents and steps of educational activities
Organize children to participate in mathematics learning activities purposefully and in a planned way.
Basic links of kindergarten education
The intermediary of teachers' educational concept into practice.
Really master the development level of children in this class.
Select the appropriate target for a specific activity.
Overall goal-unit goal-age stage goal-specific activity goal-children's mathematics education goal
First of all, we should understand the general goal of children's mathematics education.
For example, "Review the addition and subtraction operations within 6"
Review the addition and subtraction operations within 6-children's mastery of knowledge and skills in operation
Group competition-stimulate children's interest in learning;
Children's Performance in Operation —— Teachers' Requirements for Children's Normal Learning Habits
Requirements for children's operation speed and accuracy —— Training children's thinking accuracy and agility
Children's enthusiasm and initiative in participating in activities —— Teachers' concern for children's physical and mental harmony.
Secondly, understand the unit goal and age stage goal of preschool mathematics education.
For example, "Review the addition and subtraction operations within 6"
1, through review, children can further understand the meaning of addition and subtraction within 6.
2.6 Internal addition and subtraction are correct, skilled and flexible.
3. Review additive commutative law.
Finally, according to the content contained in the specific goal, choose the appropriate goal.
1, further understand the meaning of addition and subtraction within 6.
2. Cultivate children's ability to add and subtract within 6 correctly, skillfully and flexibly.
3. Proficient in additive commutative law.
Choose the appropriate teaching content: generally speaking, we should focus on the guiding outline of kindergarten education.
1 is not only suitable for children's existing level, but also challenging.
2. Choosing things and problems that children are interested in is not only close to children's life, but also helps to expand children's experience and vision.
3. It not only meets the actual needs of children, but also benefits their long-term development.
Enlightenment of Children's Mathematics Education Content
Children first perceive a lot and then gain knowledge.
Life-oriented content of children's mathematics education
In the environment where children live, all kinds of objects contain a lot of mathematical information.
Mathematics education permeates children's daily life.
Systematic content of children's mathematics education
The selection and arrangement of children's mathematics education content should reflect:
Easy first, difficult later-step by step-contact before and after
Take "Review the addition and subtraction within 6" as an example. The teaching contents in this respect should include:
1. Addition and subtraction questions appear alternately, allowing children to do calculations, requiring fast and accurate calculations.
2. Ask children to list the addition formulas with the number not exceeding 6, so that children can further master additive commutative law.
3. Pay attention to guide children to further understand the meaning of addition and subtraction when adding and subtracting within 6.
Select the appropriate operating materials.
Scientifically speaking, it is an activity that transforms mathematical concepts learned by children into direct manipulation of materials.
In terms of diversity, "one thing has multiple uses" to meet the needs of teaching and children's development.
At different levels, it is necessary to adapt to the development level of children and effectively promote the development of each child on the original basis.
At the hierarchical level, materials should meet the needs of different children.
In terms of materials, try to be close to children's lives and pay attention to safety.
(1) Original ready-made living materials
(2) Teaching AIDS processed from original materials
★ Choose appropriate teaching behaviors and organizational forms.
(A) the gamification of teaching methods
1. Mathematics teaching games: plot games, arithmetic games, games using various senses, oral mathematics games, competitive games, and mathematical intelligence games.
Children in small classes are mainly entertainment games with scenes and roles.
Children in middle and large classes are suitable for all kinds of games.
2. Diversified math games: games played by individuals, games played by groups, games played by groups, and games played by groups.
3. Combine math activities with music, art, sports and other games.
Extending mathematics activities to the gamification regional environment.
(2) Rationalization of business activities.
Collective homework-group homework-individual homework-(rational use of homework activities)
Children's individual differences in learning mathematics are the most prominent.
Such as "cognitive trapezoid",
Group work-understand the characteristics of trapezoid,
Grouping operations—
Find trapezoid from various single figures.
Find the trapezoid in the figures of various combined objects.
Cut into trapezoid with various materials.
Use trapezoid to combine into various physical figures.
Personal operation-transition from low level to high level
Appropriate selection of various types of mathematical operations.
Confirm the operation activity.
Creative operation activities.
Exploratory operation activities.
(3) the organizational form is life-oriented.
1, creating life-oriented situational teaching
Transfer to solve mathematical problems in life.
U specific steps of design activities
1, in design, according to the child's physiological and psychological characteristics.
Three-dimensional activity goals: knowledge and skills goals, emotional attitude goals and process experience goals-children's development.
Activity preparation:
Teaching aid preparation:
Paper teaching aid, magnetic teaching aid, velvet teaching aid, courseware, etc.
Teaching AIDS in life
Learning aid preparation:
Children's operational learning tools
Learning tools in life
Operation book and operation paper
Activity process
Generally, it is divided into four steps: preparation activities, group activities, group activities, exchange and summary,
Activity expansion: park expansion and family expansion.
2. Design activities from easy to difficult, step by step, and the difficulties are arranged in the middle of the activities.
3. When designing activities, we should consider the rationality of activity design.
Whether the length of time is appropriate.
Is it too difficult to design your own activities?
Do you estimate the child's development level correctly?
Can the predetermined educational goals be achieved?
Whether the educational content is appropriate.
Does the activity design reflect its own specialties?
2. Effective guiding strategies in the teaching process
The Kindergarten Guiding Outline clearly points out that teachers should be observers, supporters, collaborators and guides in children's learning activities.
1, effective interaction
Atmosphere-relaxed and happy
Participation-equality and cooperation.
Intervention-timely and moderate.
2. Pay attention to individual differences
Observe and understand children deeply.
Ensure the child's operation time.
Adjust educational strategies and requirements in time.
Children's mathematics education is an indispensable part of children's curriculum. There is still a long way to go to scientifically and reasonably design kindergarten mathematics education activities and make the guidance of kindergarten mathematics education activities really effective or even efficient. Let's work together:
Give children a space for their own progress;
Give children a condition to exercise by themselves;
Give the child a question and let the child find the answer by himself;
Give children a topic and let them create it themselves.