I. Review and analysis of the cold war:

The Cold War is not just a struggle for social fame and capital, nor is it a struggle between the eastern evil empire and the western just empire, but it is meaningful: First, on the surface, the Cold War is a struggle for ideology and national interests between the United States and the Soviet Union, but from a longer historical stage, the Cold War is a continuation of the colonial wave since the era of great navigation, from the division of the territory and resources of the third world by European colonists to the ideological means of the system and ethics of the third world between the two empires of the United States and the Soviet Union. Second, the third world's response to the two different modernization roads provided by the United States and the Soviet Union.

During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union each had a set of modern ideals, paths and spiritual strength, including how to realize the true equality, justice, happiness, prosperity and dignity of mankind. The United States and the Soviet Union can be summarized as "freedom empire" and "justice empire" respectively. No matter what atrocities the United States and the Soviet Union committed in Vietnam or Afghanistan, their lofty ideals and their persistence in their respective ideologies during the Cold War were not completely hypocritical. Because, while taking into account the interests of themselves and their allies, the two groups are indeed trying their best to point out the road to modernization for the third world.

The United States is the first country established according to the scientific principles of the Enlightenment, which means that the United States is a pioneer for other countries to follow suit ... In the19th century, an American identity began to be associated with the concept of modernity. The only way to become a modern man is to follow the example of America. This argument is profound. In today's world, the United States is both a liberator and an aggressor; It is not only a modern beacon leading to freedom and democracy, but also a "king of destruction" who violently destroys traditional customs in other regions; There is no contradiction between eliminating violence and being full of violence in the United States. The reason lies in this enthusiastic modern missionary work. Americans seem to feel that all countries and regions that are different from the United States but still live well, even if they do not challenge the United States, have already posed a threat to the United States and even mankind.

The Soviet Union not only opposed the United States in national interests everywhere, but also provided a completely different modernization road from the United States, but showed great vitality and was more "equal" at that time. As a result, the Soviet Union both actively and passively challenged the divine mission of the United States. The Soviet Union is far inferior to the United States in the level, intensity and frequency of foreign intervention, but it is aggressive in ideological strength. From the beginning, the Cold War transcended the struggle between two countries and two groups and became a struggle for the future of mankind.

For countries outside the United States and the Soviet Union, including China, the outcome of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union is not important. It is important to see the complexity of the road to modernization. The cold war is not an unbearable past, but a valuable experience of mankind leading to the future. For the third world countries, it is of more practical significance to find out the experiences and lessons hidden under the superficial phenomena of good and evil, progress and retrogression, freedom and equality, violence and peace and equality from the cold war.

Second, China in the past century

We might as well use the Imitation History of the Chinese Empire to sum up these 200 years simply and jokingly: the Westernization Movement is only a military and economic reform led by bureaucrats. Since then, the Reform Movement of 1898 and the New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty have imitated Japan, with a constitutional monarchy as the mainstay and at least a constitution. In the early years of the Republic of China, it was initially imitated by the United States, focusing on the centralized presidential system; Jiang Zhongzheng's early rise followed the example of Germany and the Soviet Union.

The 200-year history of imitation fully shows that it will always imitate and never surpass. China is a country that has exported benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and righteousness to its neighbors for thousands of years. It is also a civilization with strong ideological color. The road to modernization of such a country is more difficult than that of ordinary third world countries. Therefore, in my opinion, when China faced great changes in the millennium, its response was quick enough. Adjusting the pace as soon as possible and repeating trial and error, so many elites have died, which has always been the precious wisdom and wealth of this nation. But this is also why it is difficult for us to evaluate the history of the past two hundred years today, sometimes due to tradition and sometimes due to foreign aggression; Sometimes tolerant, suddenly harsh; Sometimes it's called a traitor, sometimes it's called a savior This confusion is the inevitable result of imitation.

The fate of the Third World in the Cold War has given China the greatest enlightenment that it can be imitated, but not transplanted, and the thinking of simply "prescribing prescriptions" is out of date.

Third, the modernization of China in the future.

When all countries in the third world realized that the United States and the Soviet Union would bring disasters and reflected on their own traditions, the "third world" in the original sense was declared disintegrated. Today, the most typical phenomenon in the world is the rise of Islamism. After rejecting the road signs of modernization of the United States and the Soviet Union, Islamists chose the road from their own religious and historical traditions, and almost rejected modernization itself at the same time.

This provides another reference for China's unfinished road to modernization besides the United States and the Soviet Union. That is, although China can't transplant any road from the United States to the Soviet Union, it can't refuse modernization, especially the road of radical nationalism. For a multi-ethnic "empire" like China, radical nationalism will inevitably lead to division and war. In addition, strictly speaking, China's 200-year modernization road has not been in vain, at least in terms of industrialization and education popularization. However, if political modernization cannot be successfully realized, other modernization achievements, including infrastructure accumulated for many years such as transportation and construction, are likely to be lost. At that time, no matter which faction, no matter how grand the ideal, how noble the idea, how beautiful the vision, once there was killing and death, it meant eternal failure. There is a good saying: there are always winners and losers in war, and mothers are always losers.

For China at present, political reform is political modernization. This problem can be expressed as: how to realize political modernization peacefully, humanely and morally.

China's modernization road after the Cold War should first avoid "importing" or "transplanting" other countries' political modernization models. Second, no matter how to reflect on the drawbacks of modernity and the nihilism brought by modernity, we must also accept the fate of modernity. It is an uncontrollable trend for human society to move towards individual freedom and group equality. Thirdly, and most importantly, why do China people who have always been indifferent to "takenism" walk so hard on the road of political reform? This is probably because China is still an "empire" with its own system. There is another kind of ideology that has been prepared, but it has not been institutionalized; We still need a * * * identity ethics shaped by tradition as the basis and premise of peaceful political reform. Only by modernizing this traditional ideology and morality can we realize political modernization and the road to political reform be logical.

China in the future should not and will not provide a modern model that challenges the United States like the Soviet Union. China's modernization model must only be suitable for himself, but it should also be based on China's future economic development and huge production and consumption capacity, fair and free economic and trade, and humanitarianism provided by Confucianism. Because China's purpose is not to export the road of modernization, but to complete his own economic and political modernization, to care for the ethics brought by tradition, so that everyone can live a rich, kind and polite life. This is China's modernization mission after the Cold War.