1. The concept of information and information technology. Generally speaking, information technology refers to the sum of all means by which human beings develop and utilize information resources. Like information, information technology has existed since ancient times as a means of information processing. The information technology in this paper refers to the new development of modern information technology since the birth of the first electronic computer in 1946. Specifically, modern information technology includes: sensing technology, communication technology, computer technology and network technology, as well as other high-tech such as new materials, aerospace, biotechnology and so on. Comparatively speaking, information technology has the characteristics of the highest degree of industrialization, the most mature development, the widest penetration and the deepest integration with the development and utilization of information resources. This determines that information technology plays an incomparable role in macro and national economy and micro enterprise management. The application of information technology in management field has contributed to the birth of information system. Information system refers to a man-machine system in which modern information technology with computer and network communication technology as the core is applied to the management field, and relevant information is collected, stored, processed and used by mathematical methods. Management information system is a man-machine system that uses information technology to collect data from inside and outside the organization, process it, form useful information, and provide it to all management levels (mainly middle managers) in a predetermined way for management control.
2. The definition and characteristics of enterprise informatization. With the help of modern information technology and advanced management ideas, enterprise informatization has carried out comprehensive and profound changes in backward management methods, rigid organizational structure and inefficient management processes. Therefore, informatization is not the application and innovation of new technologies in the general sense, but a brand-new revolution at a higher level. Enterprise informatization covers all aspects of business activities. Enterprise informatization includes capital market, supply chain, customer value, knowledge market and value management, financial management, logistics management, enterprise resource planning, office automation, human resources, customer relationship, knowledge management and enterprise e-commerce portal. Enterprise informatization mainly has the following characteristics: first, the basis of enterprise informatization is enterprise management and operation mode, not computer technology itself, in which computer technology is only a means to realize enterprise informatization; Secondly, enterprise informatization is an integrated technology, and the key point of enterprise informatization lies in the integration and sharing of information, that is, key and accurate data can be transmitted to relevant decision makers in time to provide basis for enterprise management decision-making; Thirdly, enterprise informatization is a systematic project, and enterprise informatization construction is a hierarchical systematic project of man-machine integration, including informatization of enterprise leaders and employees' thoughts, informatization of enterprise organization management, informatization of design and processing application; Finally, the realization of enterprise informatization is a process, including consulting service, scheme design, equipment procurement, network construction, software selection, application training, secondary development and so on.
Second, the role of information construction in coal enterprises
1. The application of information technology can improve the comprehensive management level of enterprises. In a sense, management is the processing of information. Peer-to-peer chain and matrix chain formed by the interconnection of all management layers only play the role of "transfer station" for information collection, selection and forwarding as far as a certain link in the chain is concerned. If these tasks are undertaken by the formal information system, it will be faster, more accurate and more comprehensive. Shortening equal chain length and matrix scale and simplifying manual coordination can improve efficiency. Some researchers believe that the ratio of programmable decision-making to non-programming decision-making is about 80: 20. This shows that most of the data and information in enterprises can be processed centrally by modern computers and data terminal equipment, thus promoting the centralization of important decisions and improving the speed and quality of decisions.
2. The application of information technology can reduce the uncertainty and risk of decision-making. Correct decision-making must rely on timely and accurate information, so the means and methods of information acquisition are particularly important. By establishing enterprise's computer information management and system and connecting with external information systems through the Internet, enterprises can quickly obtain the development trends of domestic and foreign markets and technologies, discover new opportunities and potential risks in time, respond quickly and adjust production and operation strategies in time; Quickly discover and master market changes, master raw material price information, and reduce investment risks; Understand the new scientific research achievements of this industry and realize the transformation of scientific and technological achievements of universities and scientific research institutions into enterprises.
3. The application of information technology can change the organizational structure of enterprises. In the top-down pyramid management structure of coal enterprises, the information transmission and exchange between layers is also vertical, and there is little horizontal contact. The application of network can make direct communication between superiors and subordinates, and can also allow horizontal communication or leapfrog communication, and the form of communication is extremely flexible. In this way, many intermediate levels (links) in the original pyramid structure will be reduced or disappeared, functional departments will be organically combined, the demand for auxiliary personnel will be reduced, the management organization will be flattened and the management efficiency will be greatly improved.
4. The application of information technology can expand the competitive field of enterprises. On the one hand, the application of information technology can reduce the connection between enterprises and consumers, shorten the path distance, reduce the transaction cost of enterprises and improve the cost advantage. On the other hand, it increases the transaction cost of changing suppliers between enterprises and distributors, and distributors may face the cost of replacing information systems when changing suppliers. Information technology has become a barrier for enterprises and constitutes a barrier for new competitors to enter.
5. The application of information technology is conducive to the cultivation of learning organizations. Employees acquire knowledge through various internal information bases, form ideas, and then refresh their knowledge through communication and discussion among employees, especially team members, improve work efficiency, and store new knowledge in enterprise information bases for other employees to learn and use, so as to enjoy information, continuously improve the learning ability of the whole organization, and finally achieve the goal of continuously improving the overall quality of the whole organization.
Third, the coal enterprise information implementation countermeasures
1. Establish enterprise computer network and select information system software. Enterprise computer network is the channel of information and the basis of informatization, and mainstream technologies and equipment should be selected according to the technical strength and application requirements of enterprises. At the same time, choose the system software that conforms to the actual situation of the enterprise.
2. Establish a large dynamic database of this enterprise. Establish large-scale databases on personnel, finance and sales on the Internet, vigorously tap enterprise information resources, collect all aspects of enterprise information, summarize and sort it out according to the requirements of information system, and incorporate it into the database, so that a large number of valuable and orderly information can circulate on the Internet and provide effective decision-making basis for decision makers.
3. Establish the computer-aided management system of this enterprise. Including management information system (MIS), office automation system (OA), decision support system (DSS), expert system (ES) and so on.
4. Establish a new management process and mode that meets the requirements of enterprise computer information system. As mentioned above, the information system must have an effective management workflow to adapt to it. The basic network and data have been established. The main task in the next step is to transform the traditional workflow such as production link, sales, management and operation according to the requirements of information flow, and establish a fast and efficient production management system to adapt to the rapidly changing and highly competitive market.
5. Pay attention to the development of e-commerce and gradually establish online trading means. At present, Internet-based e-commerce has become the core content of international business activities. 1998, the government of China has also incorporated e-commerce into its planning. This is both a challenge and a development opportunity for coal enterprises. We can start with e-mail and international online information services, and gradually develop into business-to-business transactions, such as accepting orders and distributing payment.
In addition, the following problems should be paid attention to in the informatization construction of coal enterprises: first, improve the information consciousness of enterprise decision makers; Second, information construction should proceed from the reality of enterprises, make overall plans and do what one can; The third is to strengthen the construction of enterprise information technology and management talent team; Fourth, enterprise management should be scientific, standardized and rational; Fifth, strengthen the development and utilization of information and the standardization and standardization of data; The sixth is to ensure capital investment.