Name: Original name: Gengsheng, with proper word.
Dynasty: Western Han Dynasty
Birth and death: about 77- 6 years ago
Official position: Successive Shi San Imperial Historian, Shi San Doctor, Guanglu Doctor and Tai Wei.
Comments: Confucian classics, bibliographers and writers in the Western Han Dynasty
Han Xing, after the Qin Dynasty was destroyed, was a world of scenery and martial arts. Dong Zhongshu's Gongyang Chunqiu began to advocate Yin and Yang and became a Confucian. After Xuanyuan, Liu Xiangzhi counted his luck in Gu Liang Chunqiu and passed it on to Hong Fan, which was wrong with Zhong Shu. To the treatment of Zuozhuan, the meaning of Chunqiu has also been well-behaved; It is very different to say "The Biography of Five Elements". Is to urge comfort, without complaint, sigh, preach Simon, Xiahou Sheng, Fang Jing, Gu Yong, Li Xun and others, stop at follwed, cited in the twelfth, written in the Spring and Autumn Period.
From where? A collection of Chinese studies? Eastern Han Dynasty? Ban Gu's Hanshu-Volume 27? The seventh part of the five elements/patchwork edition
Liu Xiang (about 77 years ago? The former 6) was originally named Geng Sheng, whose word is Zheng, and was born in Pei County (now Jiangsu). Confucian classics, bibliographers and writers in the Western Han Dynasty. Liu Xiang's prose is mainly ancient books written and proofread by Qin Shu? Narrative? The more famous ones are Sword Shadow Changling Book and Narration of Warring States Policy, which are characterized by simple narration, fluent theory and ease.
outline
Version 1
Liu Xiang is the grandson of King Jiao Liu IV of Chu Yuan. When Xuan Di was declared emperor, he advised doctors. Yuan Di, Zong Zheng. He was released because he opposed the imprisonment of eunuchs Gong Hong and Shi Xian. Later, he was imprisoned for anti-Gong and anti-Xian. After the emperor ascended the throne, he had to use it. Dr. Ren Guanglu changed his name to? Where to? The officer turned into a captain at the base. He was ordered to lead the school secretary and wrote Bielu, the originator of bibliography in China. The biography of Gu Liang in the Spring and Autumn Period. According to Hanshu? There are 33 existing Liu Ci poems in Yi, and only one is Jiu Tan today. Today, there are books such as New Preface, Shuoyuan and Biography of Lienv. And The Five Classics was compiled by Ma Guohan and A Qing Dynasty in Yi Tong. The original compilation was lost, and the Ming people compiled it as Liu Ji. Chu ci is a work compiled by Liu Xiang on the basis of predecessors? Chu ci? The Collection of Poems contains the works of Chu people Qu Yuan and Song Yu in the Warring States Period, as well as parody works of Jia Yi, Huainan Xiaoshan, Zhuang Ji, Dong Fangshuo, Wang Bo and Liu Xiang in the Han Dynasty.
Version 2
Liu Xiang experienced Xuan Di, Yuan Di and became an imperial dynasty. Dr. Zong Zheng, Dr. Guanglu. He wrote many times that he led a disaster and impeached the eunuch's consorts. When he became emperor, he was ordered to proofread books for nearly 20 years, and his unfinished business was continued by his son Liu Xin. The official was finally placed in the center of the base, so he was also called Liu. The ancient books edited by Liu Xiangdian mainly include Jing Zhuan, Zhuzi and Shi Fu. Canon school, and write down "no record". Later, on the basis of Bielu, Liu Xin wrote Qilue, the earliest bibliography work in China. The original book is lost. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ban Gu became Han Shu because of the Seven Laws. Yi Wenzhi, from which we can see the outline of Qilu. According to Hanshu? There are 33 existing Liu Ci Fu in the Records of Literature and Art, and only one "Nine Sighs" is left today, which can be found in Chu Ci. Liu Xiang's prose is mainly about dredging and proofreading ancient books? Narrative? , the more famous are "Sword Shadow Changling Book" and "Introduction to Warring States Policy". Liu Xiang's prose is characterized by simple narration, smooth argumentation and ease. In addition, he also compiled Historical Stories, New Preface, Shuoyuan and Biography of Ancient Lienv, which were the pioneering works of Wei and Jin novels. In the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Hui compiled Liu Ji and included 130 articles in Records of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties.
biography
Liu Xiang (about 77 BC? 6 BC), Pei County (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province). Zizi was originally named Liu Gengsheng, a Confucian scholar, bibliographer and writer in the Western Han Dynasty. Grandson of King Jiao Liu IV of Chu Yuan. When Xuan Di was declared emperor, he advised doctors. Yuan Di, Zong Zheng. Against eunuch Gong Hong, Shi Xian went to prison, waiting to be released. Later, he was imprisoned for anti-Gong and anti-Xian. After the emperor ascended the throne, he had to use it. Dr. Ren Guanglu changed his name to? Where to? The official gave comfort to the middle base school. I was ordered to lead the school secretary and wrote Bielu, the earliest open book catalogue in China. Treating the biography of Liang in the Spring and Autumn Period. He wrote 33 poems, including Nine Sighs, most of which have been lost. Today, there are books such as New Preface, Shuoyuan and Biography of Lienv. The Five Classics is compiled by Ma Guohan of A Qing Dynasty in Yi Tong. The original compilation was lost, and the Ming people compiled it as Liu Ji.
1, The New Preface is a book compiled by Liu Xiang after collecting the historical facts of Shun Yu and even the Han Dynasty. There are thirty volumes in the original book and ten volumes in existence. Ceng Gong revised it in the Northern Song Dynasty, recorded what Song Yu said to the king of Chu, and listed the popular songs of Chu such as Xialiba people, Yang A and Xielu. , right? How many people belong to the country and make peace? .
2. Shuoyuan classifies and edits some historical stories and legends from the pre-Qin to the Western Han Dynasty, and includes the author's comments, which gives full play to the political thoughts and moral concepts of Confucianism and has a certain philosophical nature.
3, "Biography of Lienv": There are two concubines, and they are also the second daughters of Emperor Yao. Huang, the second English girl. Follow the father's stubborn mother. Father's name is Xiang, brother's name is Xiang. Traveling in Yan, you can be gentle and gentle, and you can be filial. Mother hates Shun and loves Xiang, but Shun still treats her internally, and she is not wicked or wicked. Siyue recommended Yao, who is a wife and two daughters to observe the interior of Jue. The two women succeeded in inheriting things in an acre of land. They were not arrogant because of the son of heaven's daughter, but remained modest and thrifty, thinking about women's morality. With murder shun. Let Yu Tu and Shungui tell the second daughter:? My parents asked me to smear, so I went. ? The second daughter said: Let's go ? Shun not only cured the shackles, but also donated the order. Gu Sou burned the shackles and flew out. Xiangfu and his parents conspired to dig wells. Shun is suing his second daughter, who says? Yu, go! ? Shun went to the well, checked in and out, and slipped out of the manhole cover. When he can't kill Shun, Gu Sou drinks fast. When he is drunk, he will kill Shun. Shun sued two women, two women accompanied Shun to take a bath, and Shun went. Shun drank all day and didn't get drunk. Shun's daughter-in-law sympathizes with her and is in harmony with Ersao. When his parents tried to kill Shun, Shun still didn't complain and was furious. Go to Yutian and cry, and call your parents every day. Only harm if the child, longing for it. Don't blame his brother, be honest and not lazy. Since it is to accept 100 people, the guests are at the four doors, choose trees, enter the foothills, and try their best, often everything is aimed at two women. Shun was the heir, and was promoted to Emperor, followed by E Huang and Nv Ying. It is a shame to seal the image, but it is still too early for Gu Sou. The second concubine claims to be smart and virtuous in the world. Shun Fangyi died in Cangwu, posthumous title Zhonghua. The second princess died between Jiang and Xiang, commonly known as Xiang army. The gentleman said:? The second princess is pure and honest. Shi Yun:? If you don't show virtue, you will be punished. ? This is also called.
Learn from other people's theories
Liu Xiang and Liu Xin and his son are important figures who re-studied and sorted out hundreds of books and theories after Confucianism was unified into Confucian classics, and emphasized that they should absorb ideological nutrition from them to improve Confucianism. On the basis of systematically sorting out Guanzi, Yanzi, Han Feizi, Liezi, Deng, Guan Yinzi, Zi and Warring States Policy, Liu Xiang thinks that they all conform to Confucian classics.
For example, Liu Xiang said: "Guanzi" book, serve the country and enrich the people, make a promise, you can understand the meaning; Xun Qing's book, whose Chen Wangdao is easy, is comparable to biography and can be used as a method; As for Taoism, Liu Xiang believes that it is in line with the Six Classics to stick to the basics, be pure and do nothing, be kind to the body and things, and worship without fear. In addition, Liu Xiang directly expressed his political and academic views in Shuo Yuan and Xin Xu, which was actually an affirmation of hundred schools of thought. Liu Xin inherited his father's business. In Seven Views, he listed hundred schools of thought, such as Confucianism, as ten schools, and thought that each school could complement each other: although their words were different, they were still incompatible and mutually destructive.
Benevolence and righteousness, respect and harmony, on the contrary, complement each other. Not only that, Liu Xin also stressed the importance of absorbing ideological nutrition from hundred schools of thought, and thought that only by taking the strengths of each family can we learn from others. As the Book of Changes says: The world is the same, but consistent and considerate. Today, different scholars push their own strengths and are as poor as they are concerned to make their meaning clear. Although there are shortcomings, we should return to it, which is also a branch of the Six Classics and future generations. Since the philosophers are all branches of the Six Classics and descendants of Liu, Taoism will be in short supply after a long period of sainthood, and there will be no more demand. Isn't the Nine Classics even more barbaric? If you can cultivate the skills of six arts, look at the words of these nine schools and you can learn from them.
That is to say, in Liu Xin's view, only by restoring hundred schools of thought's ideological tradition can Confucianism be transformed from rigid Confucian classics and secular theology into practical learning that can really govern the country and reassure the people.
At that time, Liu Xiang and Liu Xin's father and son strongly advocated the study of philosophers, which was of positive significance for weakening the rule of official academic thought and emancipating the mind.
main work
Miscellaneous work comes first
In the past, Shun cultivated crops, made pottery and fished, and bowed to his filial friends. His father is stubborn, his mother is arrogant and his brother is proud. Shunxiao, in order to support you. You and Xiang, in order to dredge the well, want to kill Shun, Shun Xiao and Li Du. Cry when you are out of the field, and you want to be a baby when you are 50 years old. It can be described as filial piety.
Therefore, in the cultivation of Mount Li, the cultivators of Mount Li make way; Riverside pottery, riverside pottery, not bitter; Fishing in Razer, Razer fishermen are equally divided. And stand as the son of heaven, the world changes, and foreigners are convinced. Search in the North Canal, pay attention to the address in the south, which means we are in the suburbs. So Confucius said: filial piety to the gods is lighter than four. ? Shun is also called.
In Zhou, Confucius performed filial piety, lived in Que Party, and the children of Que Party went fishing. With more relatives, filial piety has also changed. So seventy-two children came from afar and obeyed their virtues. Someone in Lu is Shen Youshi, who is full of sheep talk and lies to the city people. Gong Shen's wife commits adultery, but she carefully frustrates his arrogance and extravagance. Lucheng rewards cattle and horses and is good at preparing Jia. Confucius scolded Lu Sikou, but Shen Youshi did not dare to drink his sheep. Gong Shenshi gave birth to his wife and moved his territory cautiously. It's not for Jia, but Bu is waiting for him. Because it is a Scot and a city that lost money, the Qi people returned to the land invaded by Lu, which was also caused by the accumulation of righteousness. So:? He is honest and walks without orders. ?
When Sun Shuaio was a baby, he went out and saw two snakes, so he killed them and buried them. When he returned to tears, his mother asked him why, and Uncle Ao said to him: I heard that two snakes were dead, but I saw the other one. I was afraid of dying of my mother. ? His mother said:? The snake is safe now: I was afraid that others would see it again, so I killed it and buried it. ? His mother said:? It is said that people with virtue are blessed by heaven, and you will not die. ? And the dragon, as Chu Lingyin, has not been cured, but China people believe in its benevolence.
Yu Zhixing is also based on Tu Shan; Jay's death is also a joy at the end. Tang Zhixing also has a lot of enthusiasm; Zhou's death was also in da ji. Both civil and military are also for leadership; The death of the king is also a compliment. Therefore, the poem is right, and Ji Bo was praised in the Spring and Autumn Period.
Fan Ji, the wife of Chu, and Chu Zhuangwang went on strike together. Why? Zhuang Wang said? I don't know what day it is to talk to the sage today. ? Fan Ji said? Who is a saint? Wang said: For Qiu Yu. ? Fan Ji grinned. Wang asked why. Say: Fortunately, I serve the king with a towel comb, and I don't want to be expensive and loving. I think it hurts Wang Yi, so I can blend in with several people. Today, Qiu Yu's son has been with each other for more than ten years, and he has never been a sage. It is disloyal to know without entering. I don't know, it's unwise. If you are disloyal and unwise, you will find peace in the future. Wang told what he said and kowtowed. As Fan Ji said. ? So he resigned and went to Sun Shuaifu, where the country was rich and the people were strong, the king of Zhuang proclaimed himself, and Fan Ji was strong.
When Wei Linggong was in office, Chi Boxian did not use it, and Zixia Mi was ungrateful. Doctor Wei has been suffering from this disease for a long time, so he tried to warn him, but he wouldn't listen. History is sick and dead, which means his son said: I'm dying. I'm going to attend the funeral in Beitang. I can't go to Apollo, China, and then retire from Zixia Mi. I can't be an upright monarch. If I can't become an upright monarch, I will die as a gift and leave my body in the North Hall. That's enough for me. ?
Shi died and hanged himself. He watched his funeral in Beitang and asked him why. His son and his father said to Gong Ling. Gong Ling suddenly changed his appearance, but he suddenly lost his position. Confucius was born to be a saint and retired. He died unyielding and remonstrated with the corpse, which can be described as loyal and lasting. ? So his name is Chi. He entered the DPRK as Qing and never retired. Move to the mourning hall, return after the ceremony, and protect the family and rule the country.
Doctor Jin is old, and Jin Jun asked? Yong can make the heirs confront each other:? Xie huke. ? Jun said:? Yes, I'm not a son. You can ask, but you don't have to. ? Kim then lifted the fox. Then ask:? Qi Xi, captain of Yongneng national team, said: Afternoon is fine. ? Jun said:? Non-son's son, right? You ask questions, but you don't. ? A gentleman says that Qi can do good deeds, not flattering or comparing himself with his son. The book says:? Impartiality, the king waved. ? Qi also called. Raising outside does not avoid revenge, and raising inside can't bring back relatives, which can be described as extremely public. Only good, so you can quote. Poetry:? Only what it has is liked. ? Qi Xi has something to say.
King Chu * * * is ill, so call your son Yin. Always serve Guan Su and me, always be loyal to me, be righteous with me, and be uneasy with me. Although, I have something to do and my work is not detailed, I will be honored. Shen and Chu often indulge me, and those who enjoy me advise me; What I like, I'll take it first. I am happy with you, but I can't see you. Although, in the end, I didn't get anything. If I'm not good, I'll send it before. ? You Yin said:? No?
Tomorrow, Wang Qiu. Lingyin worshipped Guan Su as Shangqing and deported Hou Bo. Ceng Zi said? Birds are dying, and their songs are sad; The dying man speaks the truth. ? Contrary to his nature, * * * Wang also called it that. Confucius said:? If you listen, you will die in the evening. ? In order to open an heir, I feel the afterlife. The more so, the less I will get married.
In the past, when Wei Wuhou was looking for something, his ministers couldn't catch him. When he retreated, his face became bright. Wu Qijin said:? Today, some people have heard it in the language of Chu Zhuangwang, and those who have heard it say: Not yet. Zhuang Wang's words made Wuqi say? When Chu Zhuangwang was looking for something, his ministers couldn't catch it. When he retreated, he was worried. Kim said to him:? If you are worried, why do you say to the king of Chu? It is said that princes choose their teachers and kings, choose their friends and dominate them, and those who are satisfied with them will die. Today, it is being discussed in the DPRK, because it is not worthy, and the ministers can't catch it. Our country is dying, so we are in a hurry. ? King Zhuang is worried because of your unique smile. Why does the marquis of Wu wander around and thank him? Angel master inspires me, angel master inspires me. ?
Other matters followed.
In the past, the Tang dynasty raised nine sages and put them in place, but the domestic hygiene was great, the guests were scarce and the phoenix was in the suburbs. Shang Tang used Yi Yin, and civil and military officials used squire to die, becoming the king of Zhao Zhou. However, the rectification in the sea, Shang Yue's retranslation, auspicious and auspicious fall together, making Sui 'an a millennium. Thanks to Ren Xian. Without a virtuous minister, although there are five emperors and three kings, you can't be happy.
Qi Huangong is Guan Zhong, and he has the honor of dominating the princes. If you lose control, you will be ashamed of danger. Jade dies instead of Prissy, and Qin uses it wisely and uses it for public use. Chu was broken without Wu Zixu, and Wu He Lu used it to rule. Fu Cha had to kill Zixu, and the country died.
Yan Zhaowang used Le Yi to push down the Yan soldiers, break the strong and enlighten the mind, and slaughter seventy cities, while Hui Wang abolished Le Yi and replaced it with riding robbery, and the soldiers defeated and killed seventy cities. This is evident from the fact that this father uses it and his son doesn't. So, He Lv used his son Xu Yixing, and Fuxi killed him and died; Wang Zhao won, and Hui Wang was defeated one by one. This is white and black.
Qin doesn't need Shu, Wang Xiang doesn't need Han Xin, they are all wiped out. It's not far away for Han people to use it. This is a curse on those who have lost their virtue. A person who doesn't seek sages can't help himself, while the so-called sages are immoral when the country is in turmoil. Or let the sage do it, consult with the sage, let the wise figure it out, and the fool figure it out. Immortals envy smart people, fools envy smart people. It is the reason why the wise are isolated, so those who are not in harmony for a thousand years are also. Or you can't use the sage for a long time, or you can't end it for a long time; It's still a waste of being the unfaithful son of a virtuous father and loyal minister, and it's hard to record good or bad, but the reason lies in your own ignorance and the mouth of the audience. If he can't do it, he will know.
Wei Panggong and the Prince were born in Handan and called Wang Wei. Today, there are tigers in the city and Wang xin is the king. No? Say: The two men said, what did Wang xin say? I doubt it. ? Say: What did Wang xin say in three words? I believe. ? Pang Gong said:? There is no tiger in the city, but three people make a tiger out of words. Handan is far from the city today, and there are more than three ministers. I hope the king will check it, too ? Wei Wang said? I don't know. ? Pang Gong rebelled against Handan, and he made a false statement, so he couldn't see it.
Gan Mao, Cai Xia also. He went west to the state of Qin and made several contributions until the king of Wu thought he was the left prime minister and Li's son was the right prime minister. Guihe Gongsun was the son of Qin Dynasty, and their family Han had attacked Korea many times. Qin Wuwang said to Gan Mao. If I want my car to go to Zhou's, this is my best choice. ? Want to make Gan Mao cut Korea Yiyang, in order to ease to Zhou Shi. Gan Mao said? Please make an agreement with Wei to defeat North Korea. ? To the birthday girl. He said that he had made an appointment with Wei, Wei and Wei and returned to the village. The son is the king of words, and Wei listens to the minister, but he hopes that the king will not cut it. ? I told the king to return to his birthday. The king welcomed Gan Mao to all parts of the country, asked him why, and said, Yiyang, a big county. It is called a county, but it is actually a county. Today's king is full of risks, but it is difficult to attack thousands of miles away. ?
Where was Zeng Shen before? Zheng Ren killed a man with the same surname as Zeng Shen. Someone told his mother: Involved in the murder. ? Its mother knits well. Suddenly another person came to tell me that his mother said: My son doesn't kill people. ? After a while, another person reported that his mother jumped on the plane and went over the wall. The husband believed in the sages who had participated, but the mother was afraid. Today's sage is not as good as Zeng Shen, and Zeng Shen's mother's letter is not as good as Zeng Shen. There are three people who doubt me, and I'm afraid the king will vote for me.
Wei Wenhou ordered Yang Le to attack Zhongshan and withdraw it within three years. On the contrary, Yang Le was eloquent, but he was slandered by Hou Wen. Yang Le bowed his head again and said? This is not the job of the minister, but also the power of the Lord. ? Today, my minister was on a trip, and Li and his grandson discussed it with the help of North Korea. Wang Yi will believe that my minister was accused by Han because Wang bullied Wei. ? Wang Yue:? I won't listen. ? Cut Yiyang, Yiyang did not pull out in May.
Gui Lizi and Gong Sunzi did it, and Gan Mao, the king of Wu, wanted to stop it. Gan Mao said? The rest of the land is there. ? Wang Yue:? Yes ?
Knowing that Gan Mao would attack him, he pulled Yiyang. Wu, Zhao, Gui and Gong Sunzi slandered them, were found guilty and died. Therefore, it is unwise, and its mediocrity can be used.
The king of Chu asked his minister: When I heard that North Korea was afraid of Zhao Xi's sympathy, how could I be as sincere as Jiang Yi's answer? If the tiger asks all animals to eat it, it can get a fox. Fox said: I dare not eat me. God ordered me to grow all kinds of animals. It is against the emperor's orders to eat me now. I don't believe you, so I'll be my son first, and my son will follow me. All the animals will leave when they see me. ? The tiger thought so and followed. When the beast saw it, he walked away. Tigers don't know that wild animals are afraid of themselves, but they think they are afraid of foxes. Today, the king is 5,000 miles away, with 1 million armor. He wears Zhao Xi's shirt full time, and the north is not afraid of Zhao Xi's shirt. In fact, he is afraid of the king's armor, and he is afraid of the tiger. ? An old friend is a minister, and when he sees fear, he sees your majesty. If he doesn't use it, he will die.
Lujun made Mizi a single father, and Zizi resigned, because two people were invited to borrow good books, making the Constitution a teaching product; Lu Jun gave it to me. Being a single father, making books, children drawing elbows from the side, getting angry when books are ugly, and drawing when books are good. If the book is ill, please resign and leave. To tell Lu Jun, Lu Jun said? I disturbed my son's pain. Make it impossible to practice good governance. ? It is the fate of the company that the company is not good at recruiting single fathers, and single fathers will turn it into a big rule. Therefore, Confucius said: a gentleman is cheap, Lu has no gentleman, beauty is the virtue, and harmony is the most precious. Chu people once offered fish to the king of Chu, saying: Today's fishing is inexhaustible. If you don't sell it, you will abandon it, so you come to offer it. ? About:? How despicable! I quit, too ? The king of Chu said: I didn't know fishermen were kind. If you hear that there is more than enough millet in the warehouse, there are hungry people in the country; There are many secluded women in the harem, and the people are more open; In the warehouse, gathered in the national treasury, is a poor man's territory; Have lost the way of being a gentleman. So there are fat fish, fat horses and hungry people in the stable. Therefore, the king of national subjugation is hidden in the national treasury. I have heard about it for a long time and failed to do so. Fishermen all know that it is a metaphor for me, and it is the same today. ? Therefore, it is not enough to send an envoy to be widowed and send money out of the warehouse. He went to the harem, left his wife and became a widow. Chu enjoys folk music, and neighboring countries return to it. Therefore, the fisherman's fish is a benevolent person, and the State of Chu relies on it.
Theological viewpoint
Liu Xiang was a "pillow secretary" in his early years. It is said in the book that immortals turn ghosts into gold, and Zou Yan insists on prolonging his life? Deeply influenced by mysterious thoughts. After that, he attended lectures on the Five Classics in Shiqu Pavilion, which was deeply influenced by the activities of modern literary classics. Later, when he discussed the gains and losses of political reforms and national politics in previous dynasties, he took out the style of today's writers and based his argument on Yin-Yang and Five Elements. When he was here, he became a feudal official, blaming all the disasters in the Spring and Autumn Period after the Shun, Yu and You calendars. The disaster is not thick, today? . When the above was cited as the emperor, he was sealed, and since Zhou Zong, the minister has been in charge of the country's dangerous country. Grandpa Wang's grave is in Jinan, and his catalpa column has branches and leaves, which helps him become a monk. Difference, prediction? Things are not two major events, and Wang and Liu are not harmonious? . This shows that Liu Xiang's view of history is theological. His thoughts reflect the pessimism of the decline of the Western Han Dynasty and the decline of the royal family.
Hanshu? About 152 pieces of Liu Xiang's biography of Hong Fan's Five Elements. Among them, there are about 31 articles about the relationship between disasters and queens, princesses, imperial concubines and consorts, and about 39 articles about the relationship between disasters and the fall of monarchs and the country. This is not only an academic reflection of Liu Xiang's political stance, but also a tool for political struggle with the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements. Hanshu? The Records of Five Elements also includes about 73 biographies of Hong Fan's Five Elements by Liu Xin. Although the objects of discussion are basically within the scope discussed by Liu Xiang, none of them are the same as those of Liu Xiang. This is also because Liu Xin's political attitude is different from his father's, and he also has different academic reflections. The difference in academic views between Liu and his son was a reflection of the internal struggle of the ruling class at that time.
Although Liu Xiang thinks? Isn't Bo the only surname given by fate? ,? Is there a fairy kingdom since ancient times? , but want to? Wise men are blessed invisibly, but they take precautions before disasters happen? , ok? Chang Luan, didn't lose his country? . This is equivalent to saying that fate can still be transferred by manpower, or at least it can be extended for a longer period. In Liu Xin's legacy, you can't see such a statement. According to Hanshu? According to the data of Sanli Tongpu preserved in the Book of Rites, the rise and fall of dynasties were carried out in the order of five elements. According to this order, it should be natural for Wang Mang to inherit Han's fire virtue with earth virtue. When Wang Mang died, he said: Born with virtue, Han soldiers are like giving! ?
When revising the Royal Library, Liu Xiang seldom used this theological view of history, but showed a humanistic attitude to a great extent.