2. Table of Contents: A table of contents is a brief list of main paragraphs in a paper. (Essays don't need to be listed in the table of contents)
3. Abstract: It is an excerpt from the main content of the article, which requires short and pithy content. The number of words can be as few as dozens, and it is advisable not to exceed 300 words.
4. Keywords or subject words: keywords are selected from the title, abstract and text of the paper, and are words with substantive significance to express the central content of the paper. Keywords are words used by computer systems to index the content characteristics of papers, which are convenient for information systems to collect and provide readers with retrieval. Generally, 3-8 words are selected as keywords for each paper, and a new line is set at the bottom left of the "abstract".
Subject words are standard words. When determining the subject words, the paper should have a theme, and according to the indexing and collocation rules, it should be converted into standardized words in the subject glossary.
5. Text of the document:
(1) Introduction: Introduction, also known as preface, preface and introduction, is used at the beginning of the paper. The introduction should generally write the author's intention, explain the purpose and significance of the topic, and point out the scope of the paper writing. The introduction should be short and concise, and stick to the theme.
(2) Text of the paper: The text is the main body of the paper and should include arguments, arguments, argumentation process and conclusions. The main part includes the following contents:
A. Propose-demonstrate;
B. analyzing the problem-arguments and arguments;
C. solving problems-demonstrations and steps;
D. conclusion.
6. The references of the paper refer to the main documents listed at the end of the paper that can be referenced or quoted in writing. References should be marked on a new page according to GB77 14-87 "Description Rules of References at the End of Documents".
English: Title-Author-Publication Information (Edition, Publisher, Publication Date): Author-Title-Publication Information
The requirements of the listed reference documents are:
The references listed in (1) should be official publications for readers' textual research.
(2) The listed references shall be marked with serial numbers, titles of works or articles, authors and publication information.
Question 2: What are the general parts of graduation thesis? The basic structure of the paper
1987, the national bureau of standards promulgated the format for writing scientific and technological reports, dissertations and academic papers (GB77 13-87) and the rules for the description of references after articles (GB77 14-87).
1, common format:
(1) title. The most appropriate and concise words reflect the logical combination of the most important specific content in the text. Unusual omitted words, acronyms, characters, codes and formulas should be avoided. Generally, the number of words does not exceed 20 titles.
Author's name and unit, more than two, generally sorted by contribution.
1 literary responsibility; ② Record the results; ③ Easy to search.
⑶ Abstract: It is a brief statement of the content of the paper without comment. Chinese abstracts are generally less than 300 words, and you can get important information from them without reading the full text.
Include: ① that importance of this study; ② Main research contents and application methods; General research results, outstanding new insights, and clarify the final conclusion, focusing on the results and conclusions.
(4) Keywords. They are 3-7 words or terms selected from the paper to express the subject information items of the full text, and have a special thesaurus.
5. introduction
[6] Text
(7) Conclusion: refers to the final and overall conclusion of the full text, rather than a simple repetition of the summary of each paragraph in the text. It requires accuracy, completeness, clarity and conciseness.
(8) Thank you: express your gratitude to those who helped write the paper, and ask for sincere attitude and concise words.
Levies reference list (note
⑽ Appendix: Indicate the attached drawings and charts.
Second, the basic composition of the text
1, the basic composition of academic papers
Preface: Title, author, abstract, key words.
Text: Introduction (introduction, introduction, introduction) Text, conclusion, notes, references and postscript (acknowledgement).
2. The basic composition of the text: introduction, ontology (linear reasoning)
Conclusion (parallel theory)
(2) Overview of the project:
subject
Basic argument
Content outline
First, the big project (upper argument, large paragraphs)
I. Project (lower level argument, paragraph theme)
(1) Small project (festival center, one material)
Title writing: concise, to the point, others are not easy to misunderstand.
Sentence writing: concrete and clear
3. Preparation of the paper outline
(1) Design drawing of thesis writing: (three-level title)
One,
Two, one
Three, two 1.
Three, two
3.
4. Writing order and drafting method
(1) order
Natural order: conclusion-ontology-conclusion
Reverse order: this theory-conclusion-conclusion
(2) Method (first draft) in one go; Write by division.
5. Structure of academic papers
(1) Unified and complete specification part (another semantic part, incomplete part)
(2) The main clauses at the beginning and end of a paragraph indicate the purpose of the paragraph (there are also paragraphs in the middle or at both ends)
(3) The capacity is appropriate, and generally there are many long sections.
6. Expression:
(1) a clear point of view;
(2) Pay attention to the method in structure;
(3) Make it clear.
7. revision: focus on the whole and start from the big picture. First, the whole, then the part; First point of view, then material; Make chapters first, then make sentences again.
8. References and comments
⑴ Citation: Try to quote as little as possible, and don't take it out of context, thinking that readers don't understand. Quotations and explanations should be clearly defined and checked correctly. Generally, unpublished materials should not be cited. Materials published online should not be cited.
(2) Note: Footnotes, chapters, section notes and endnotes in paragraphs.
Quotations should be coded, generally using ① ② ③, and less comments can be added with * (asterisk).
(3) Annotation style
Purpose:
1 is to meet the actual needs of readers for verification and retrieval.
2. It is a necessary attachment of a standardized academic research institution, which embodies the vision, quality, level and interest of an academic achievement.
3. The attitude towards annotations also reflects the author's academic attitude, such as quoting other people's opinions or statements without making annotations, not indicating the true source objectively and accurately in annotations, and treating second-hand materials as first-hand materials. , are against academic ethics.
2. Format of comments
I. Chinese description
A. Cite monographs
Note: (1) The author's name is followed by the title without a colon or funny things;
(2) When quoting a translated work, the translator's name must be indicated, usually after the title of the book and before the place of publication;
(3) If there is no restriction on an author, the author's name should be separated by a pause; If there are more than two authors, you can write ... >>
Question 3: What parts does the undergraduate thesis include? How can we be sure that it is qualified? Undergraduate graduation thesis (design) is a comprehensive embodiment of the ability to analyze and solve problems independently and conduct preliminary scientific research during undergraduate study. It is also a comprehensive test of innovation consciousness, innovation ability and ability to acquire new knowledge, and it is an important basis for universities to award degrees. In order to standardize the writing format of graduation thesis (design) and improve the writing quality, the writing requirements and writing format of this thesis are formulated.
I. Contents of Graduation Thesis (Design)
The graduation thesis (design) contains the following contents, and its serial number also indicates the arrangement order of related contents in the thesis.
1, cover
(1) paper title
Should accurately reflect the core content of the paper, concise, no more than 30 Chinese characters, if necessary, subtitle can be added. The topic of graduation thesis (design) needs to be translated into foreign languages and written under the topic of Chinese characters. The topic of the paper is arranged in the middle of the cover.
(2) students' names, classes and student numbers
Students' names must be consistent with their valid identity documents. The class is a natural class, written in * * * numbers, and the student number is written in * * * numbers.
(3) Colleges and majors
Colleges and majors should write their full names.
(4) Instructing teachers
The lecturer's name should be followed by a professional title.
2. Contents
The catalogue consists of serial numbers, names and page numbers of chapters, sections, references and appendices. Just list the secondary titles of "chapter" and "section" in the table of contents, and the table of contents should list the page numbers separately from the main page.
3. Abstract of the paper
It is a brief statement of the content of the paper, without comments or annotations. The purpose, research methods, innovations and research results of the paper should be introduced in the simplest language, preferably 300-500 words. It needs to be written in Chinese and foreign languages, and the foreign abstract is the translation of the Chinese abstract, which is written under the Chinese abstract.
4. Document body
Generally, it consists of introduction (or preface), main body of the paper, conclusion, references and appendix (if necessary). The introduction expounds the theoretical basis, practical significance and research background, research status, research ideas and methods, and the overall structure of the paper. The main body of the paper is the core part of the paper, which requires clear arguments, rigorous logic and concise language; The conclusion is the induction and summary of the paper, and the language should be concise, accurate and complete; All papers that cite, refer to or borrow other people's achievements must be listed in detail in the references; The appendix is a supplementary explanation to the main body of the paper, including necessary charts, engineering design drawings and auxiliary tools.
5. Other explanations
(1) Graduation thesis (design) writing must conform to national standards or general standards of this discipline.
(2) If a large number of professional symbols, signs, abbreviations, specialized units of measurement, user-defined terms and terms are used in the graduation thesis (design), it should be compiled into a summary table of notes and explanations to be listed.
Second, the writing format and binding of graduation thesis (design)
1. Graduation thesis (design) is bound in horizontal format, with unified cover and left binding. The Chinese and English topics on the cover of graduation thesis (design) and the columns of students' names, classes, student numbers, colleges, majors, instructors, etc. should be written in regular script, correct and neat, and students with conditions can print them out.
2. Directory format
(2 blank lines) (3 bold lines)
Table of Contents (bold 3, middle)
Introduction (or introduction) (or as in Chapter 65438 +0, Song Ti No.4, line spacing 18 lb, the same below) ...........................................................................
Chapter 1 ......................................................... y
Section 1
................................. (omitted)
Xxxx (text chapter 10) Chapter III Chapter IV Chapter IV Chapter IV Chapter V Chapter IV Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V Chapter V
conclusion
Thank you ... thank you ... thank you ... thank you.
references
Appendix A ××× (if necessary)
Figure 1 ×××××× (if necessary)
3. Summary format
Chinese abstract (bold No.4, middle)
(blank line 1) (bold type 4)
* * year * month * day * month * day * month * day * month * day * month * day * month * day * month * day * month * day * month * day * month * day * month * day * month * day * month * month * day.
Question 4: What are the most important parts of college students' graduation thesis now, which is related to whether they can graduate, and the format of graduation thesis determines the level of a thesis, so we must typeset it according to the correct format when making graduation thesis.
I. Composition of the Project
The graduation thesis includes the following contents:
Cover, abstract and keywords, table of contents, text, notes, appendices and references. Among them, "Appendix" is arranged according to the specific situation, and the rest are required items. If necessary, you can add "introduction" before the text and "postscript" after the references.
Second, the significance of each project
(1) cover page
The cover consists of prefix, paper title, author, school name, major, grade, instructor and date.
(2) Executive summary and keywords
It is a general description of the content of the paper, which should be faithful to the original text and the number of words should be controlled within 300 words. Keywords are extracted from the title, abstract or text of the paper, which can express the theme of the paper and have substantial significance, usually no more than 7 words.
(3) content
List the first-and second-level titles and corresponding page numbers of the main body of the paper, and the corresponding page numbers of appendices, references and postscript.
(4) Text
The text is the main part of the paper, which usually consists of three parts: introduction, theory and conclusion. These three parts cannot be clearly marked with words.
(5) Precautions
The explanation of the created terms or the explanation of the source of the quotation appears in the form of footnotes.
(6) Appendix
Attached to the text, the information material that plays a supplementary role in explaining the text can be in the form of words, tables, graphics and so on.
7. Reference
List of articles and works used by the author in the writing process.
4. Graduation thesis format
First, the paper type, margins and binding lines.
The graduation thesis will be printed on A4 paper (297mx210mm). The margins are: top (30mm), bottom (25mm), hem (30mm) and hem (25mm). The binding line is on the left, with a distance of 10mm from the margin.
Second, layout and words.
Characters and graphics are written horizontally from left to right, with 1.5 times line spacing. All characters are edited into a column, and standardized simplified Chinese characters are used. Avoid using traditional Chinese characters, variant characters and other nonstandard words.
Thirdly, the typesetting style and font size of each part of the paper.
(1) prefix
The top of the cover is centered, the second line, the top line and the center. The fixed content is "graduation thesis of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine".
(2) the title of the paper
The smaller ones are shown in bold. In the middle of the text, press a line above the smaller font. (If a subtitle is added to the paper, it is required that the number 2 be in bold, centered immediately below the main title, and a dash be added before the main text.)
The line spacing under the topic of the paper is: fixed value, 40 points.
(3) Author, college name, major, grade, instructor and date.
The project name is in small three bold letters, and the content to be filled in is underlined. Length of eight Chinese characters, content to be filled in, single line, centered alignment. Clear two lines.
(4) executive summary and keywords
Start a new page immediately after the cover, with the layout and font size according to the requirements of the text. Among them, "Executive Summary" and ":"
Bold, the content is Song Dynasty. In the top line, the first paragraph is empty, and after the top line: "keywords" and "executive summary" are separated by two lines, and the first paragraph is empty. "Keyword" and ":"are bold, and the content is Song Dynasty. There are usually no more than seven keywords, with a space between words.
(5) content
On the new page, the project name is in bold type No.3, arranged in the center, one line above and one line below; The content is imitated by Xiao 4.
(6) Text: Start a new page.
(7) Title of the paper: Bold body plus No.2 Bold body, arranged in the middle, on the previous line; Indicate the grade, major and author below, and the author's name will be placed in the middle of a new line in italics No.4; The next two lines are connected to the text. Generally, the text is Song Ti No.4, with two spaces at the beginning of each paragraph, with the top space at the back and single-line spacing.
(8) The title of the text
First-class title, the title number is "I", which is the same as the text size, bold and exclusive, and there is no punctuation at the end;
Second-level title, the title serial number is "(2)", which is the same as the font size of the text, with a dedicated line and no punctuation at the end;
The serial numbers of titles below the third level are "1" and (1), which are the same as the font size of the text. In order to avoid confusion with notes, "①" cannot be used. You can determine whether the line is exclusive according to the length of the title. If the line is exclusive, no punctuation will be used at the end ... >>
Question 5: What part of the cover should be included in a graduation thesis (the cover consists of header, title of the thesis, author, school name, major, grade, instructor, date, etc.). ), executive summary and keywords, table of contents (list the first-and second-level title names and corresponding page numbers of papers, and the corresponding page numbers of appendices, references, postscript, etc. Text (The text is the main part of the paper, which usually consists of three parts: introduction, theory and conclusion. These three parts cannot be clearly marked with words. ), notes, appendices and references. Among them, "Appendix" is arranged according to the specific situation, and the rest are required items. If necessary, you can add "introduction" before the text and "postscript" after the references.
Question 6: What should be included in the graduation thesis? Writing specification for graduation design (thesis) In order to ensure the quality of graduation design (thesis), the writing specification for graduation design (thesis) is formulated. 1. Filling and printing of graduation design (thesis) data: graduation design (thesis) data package, graduation design (thesis) task book, graduation design (thesis) comments, graduation design (thesis) cover and graduation design (thesis) uniformly printed by the school are used for graduation design (thesis). Graduation design (thesis) task book and graduation design (thesis) comments should be carefully filled in as required, with neat fonts and neat volumes, and the handwriting should be written in black or blue-black ink. The task book shall be filled in and signed by the classroom teacher, and issued after being signed by the dean (department head). Graduation thesis (design) must be printed in imitation of Song Dynasty on the unified graduation thesis paper of the school. Second, the main format and requirements for writing the paper: 1, title: title of the paper-bold small 2, Chinese and English abstract: (Chinese comes first, English comes last): abstract words-bold imitation song small 4 keywords-bold imitation song small 4 3, paper body: (1) The paper body includes (2) printing the paper body. (3) Pay attention to the binding line when setting paper pages. Single-spaced text with standard character spacing. Three. Writing content and requirements of graduation project (thesis): 1. Title: The title should be short, clear and general. Title words should be appropriate, not more than 20 words. If you must put some details in the title, it can be divided into main title and subtitle. 2. Abstract or design overview: The abstract summarizes the content of the research topic in a condensed form. The Chinese abstract is about 300 words, and the foreign abstract is about 250 words. The general description of design mainly introduces the source of design tasks, design standards, design principles and main technical data. The number of Chinese words should be within 1500 ~ 2000, and the number of foreign words should be around 1000. 3. Contents: The contents are compiled according to three-level titles (i.e. I, ……, 1, ……, (1), ……), and the title level is required to be clear. The title in the table of contents should be consistent with the title in the text. 4. Text: The text of graduation project (thesis) includes: (1) Topic background: explain the source, purpose, significance, main problems to be solved and technical requirements to be achieved; Briefly describe the development status and existing problems of this topic at home and abroad, as well as the guiding ideology of this design. (2) Scheme demonstration: explain the design principles and make scheme selection, and explain why this design scheme is chosen (including the analysis and comparison of various schemes) and the characteristics of the adopted scheme. (3) Process (design or experiment) discussion: refers to the author's detailed statement of his own research work. It requires correct reasoning, conclusive arguments, strong logic, clear hierarchy and accurate expression. (4) Result analysis: Make qualitative or quantitative analysis of the main data and phenomena obtained in the research process, and draw conclusions and inferences. (5) Conclusion or summary: Summarize and synthesize the whole research work, and explain the problems existing in this research and the opinions and suggestions for further research. The conclusion should be general and short. 5. Acknowledgement: Thank those who have given direct help in the process of research and thesis writing (such as instructors and answering teachers) in short words. This is not only a courtesy, but also a respect for others, and it is the ideological style that scholars should have. 6. References and appendices: References are an indispensable part of graduation project (thesis), which reflects the source, breadth and reliability of materials, and is also the author's recognition and respect for other people's knowledge achievements. Complete references can provide readers with valuable information. Generally speaking, there should not be too many references for graduation design (thesis), but the main documents should be above 10, including more than 2 foreign documents. Appendices refer to some contents that are not suitable for the text but have reference value, and can be compiled into ... > >
Question 7: What does the graduation thesis for comments include? It's too difficult to write your own graduation thesis. Let's get someone to write it for you. Look at Jiabo Paper Network. Several students worked together and all the tutors passed. It's amazing.
Question 8: What does the graduation thesis design include? Content composition and writing format requirements of graduation thesis (design)
I. Writing of Graduation Thesis (Design)
A complete graduation project (thesis) should be composed of title, abstract (in Chinese and English), table of contents, introduction (preface), keywords, text, conclusion, references, appendix, thanks and so on.
Second, the graduation thesis (design) writing content and format requirements
1. Page requirements: All contents are printed on A4 paper.
2. Title (No.3, bold and centered; The new Roman style of time (bold) should be short, clear and general; The number of words should be appropriate, generally no more than 20 Chinese characters.
3. Abstract ("Abstract" is in bold type No.5, and the abstract content is in song style No.5) summarizes the contents of the design and research topic in a condensed form. The Chinese abstract is about 250 words, and the English abstract basically corresponds to the Chinese abstract.
4. Table of Contents (No.4 Song Ti) After the paper is written, it is necessary to write a table of contents for the convenience of readers. The table of contents can be divided into chapters, and the page number should be written after each chapter.
5. Introduction (Song No.5) should explain the purpose, significance, scope and technical requirements of this article (design); Briefly describe the general situation and existing problems of this topic at home and abroad; The main problems to be solved in this paper.
6. Keywords (bold No.5, Time New Roman in foreign language, bold) Keywords are words or terms that express the content information of design (paper), and the number of keywords generally does not exceed 6. Each keyword is separated by a comma, and no punctuation marks are used after the last keyword.
7. Text (The titles of chapters in the text are in bold type No.5, centered. Others use no.5 style; The time of using foreign languages is in new Roman style, and the title is bold)
8. Conclusion (No.5 Song) summarizes the situation and value of this article (design), analyzes its advantages, characteristics and innovation level, and points out the existing problems and the direction of improvement in the future.
9. References (No.5) References should be listed in the order in which they appear in the text and attached to the end of the text (note the corresponding position in the text). Please give the document type identification (monograph [M], collection of papers [C], dissertation [D], report [R], journal [J], standard [S], patent [P], etc. ) after the document title.
10 and appendix (No.5) should not be put in the text, but should be put with reference value, such as questionnaire, formula derivation, programming, original data schedule, etc. , should be placed in the appendix. The length of the appendix should generally not exceed the text.
1 1, and the thank-you note (ì No.5) is placed at the end of the paper. In short, you are grateful to the teachers and other people who have given you support in the research and writing of the project.
Question 9: What is the main content of graduation project? A complete graduation project (thesis) should include the following aspects: the topic should be short, clear and general. Through the title, readers can roughly understand the content, professional characteristics and subject categories of graduation project (thesis). Title words should be appropriate, generally not more than 20 words. If some details must be placed in the title, they can be divided into a main title and a subtitle to avoid redundancy. The main title should be concise, and the details should be put in the subtitle. Abstract (or overall design specification), also called content abstract, should summarize the contents, methods, viewpoints, achievements and conclusions of the research topic in a condensed form, and should reflect the essence of the whole content. 300~500 words is appropriate for the abstract of the paper. When writing an abstract, you should pay attention to the following points: (1) It should be expressed in concise and general language, and each item should not be demonstrated or explained; (2) objective statement without subjective evaluation; (3) Results and conclusive sentences are the focus of the abstract. There should be more written discussions to deepen readers' impression; (4) It should be written independently, and the choice of words should avoid being identical with the full text, especially the preface and conclusion; (5) Write succinctly and vividly. Write as well as possible in terms of text polishing, expression and structure, so as to arouse readers' interest in full-text reading; (6) The general design description mainly introduces the source, design standards, design principles and main technical data of the design task, and the Chinese characters should be within 1500~2000 words. The directory is written with three-level titles (i.e. 1. ……; 1。 1……; 1。 1。 1 ...), which requires a clear title hierarchy. The title in the table of contents should be consistent with the title in the text. The introduction should explain the significance, purpose, research scope and required technical parameters of this topic; Briefly describe the main problems to be solved in this topic. The text is the author's detailed statement on the research work. It accounts for the vast majority of the full text. Its contents include: problems, basic premises, assumptions and conditions of research work; Basic concepts and theoretical basis; The establishment of the model and the drafting of the experimental scheme; Methods and contents of design calculation; Experimental methods, contents and analysis; Theoretical demonstration, the application of theory in the project, the results of the project and the discussion of the results. Under normal circumstances, candidates should be treated according to the nature of graduation design (thesis). The text contains the above parts as much as possible. The specific requirements for writing the body part are: (1) The theoretical analysis part should state the hypothesis and its rationality, as well as the analysis methods, calculation methods and experimental methods used by others, which are improved by themselves and which are created by themselves, so as to guide teachers to review and correct. The length should not be too long, but it should be expressed in concise words. (2) For the objects studied by experimental methods, the performance of experimental devices and instruments shall be specified, and all devices and instruments shall be tested and calibrated. The process and operation method of the experiment should be described concisely, and the familiar contents or details need not be detailed. For the subject that achieves the research purpose through theoretical deduction, we should carefully organize the content, make the concept accurate, judge and reason in line with the development law of objective things, and conform to people's cognitive habits of objective things. In other words, the words should be orderly and reasonable, take the argument as the center, and form a complete and rigorous content whole. (3) The results and discussion are the core of the full text, which generally occupy a large space. When writing, we should fully analyze the necessary data, phenomena and understanding as an effective basis to write. In qualitative and quantitative analysis of the results, we should explain the data processing method and error analysis, explain the conditions of the phenomenon and its provability, and explain the origin and development of knowledge in theoretical derivation, so that others can carry out experimental verification accordingly. The conclusion drawn from the result analysis should also explain the applicable conditions and scope. In addition, the proper use of charts as results and analysis is also a common expression of scientific papers, which should be carefully made, neat and beautiful. Conclusion The conclusion reflects the author's research results, expresses the author's views on the research topic, is the ideological essence of the full text, and also reflects the value of the article. The conclusion part includes the summary of the whole research work, the comparison between the obtained results and the existing results, the problems existing in this topic, and the opinions and suggestions for further research. The conclusion should be general and short. Pay attention to the following points when writing: (1) The conclusion should be concise and clear, and the wording should be rigorous and easy to understand; (2)......& gt& gt
Question 10: What parts does the graduation thesis consist of? Contents, abstracts, keywords, introduction and conclusion mainly refer to the author's brief introduction.