Influence of automobile development on society
This paper introduces the social changes brought about by the development of automobiles, and expounds the resources, environmental costs and various social problems brought about by the rapid development of automobiles. Combined with the knowledge of dialectics of nature, it is considered that the development of things is multifaceted, and the development of China automobile industry should not be blind, but should be coordinated with the natural environment and society, adhere to healthy and sustainable development, and avoid the unbearable heavy price brought by "automobile society".
Keywords dialectics of nature in the development of automobile society
Cars are "machines that change the world" and wheels that promote social progress. Cars have become an indispensable part of our daily life. The extensive use of automobiles will change the economic and social structure, form a whole set of new economic, cultural and living systems, improve people's quality of life, promote social progress and promote economic development. However, the rapid development of automobile has paid the price of resources and environment. Not to mention the consumption of raw materials for manufacturing cars, the non-renewable energy consumed by cars alone will almost exhaust the resources of the earth. At the same time, building kilometers to occupy roads will also cause air pollution and trigger a series of social problems.
1 Social changes brought about by automobile development
As a pillar industry, the automobile industry is connected with the primary, secondary and tertiary industries, which not only directly brings remarkable economic benefits, but also its industrial system and industrial chain penetrate into a wide range of disciplines, driving the rapid development of a large number of related industries, inducing the emergence of emerging industries and high-tech, and forming a huge industrial system and industrial chain in Lian Heng. The car has changed from a dream to an ordinary commodity that can be driven away with a down payment of 20 thousand. Since then, travel has become unrestrained. People's life style, life concept and quality of life have all changed because of cars. Many people's concept of time is no longer limited to the timetable of public transportation, and the concept of distance is no longer limited to "how many stops". Cars have thus become a symbol of freedom, and people buy cars to change their lives.
(1) causes changes in production management.
In the 1920s, Ford and General Motors of the United States initiated large-scale production mode and diversified production. After World War II, Toyota Motor Corporation of Japan started a "lean production model". These industrial management revolutions have changed all forms of almost all industries, including production organizations, management organizations and traditional concepts. The popularization of agile production management mode has further led to the change of the whole value chain of automobile industry.
(2) The road network has been formed.
Compared with other means of transportation, cars have the characteristics of "long distance difference benefit", "time difference benefit" and "poor transportation quality benefit", so they are widely used. In order to develop automobile transportation, all countries in the world have accelerated the development of expressway network. After World War II, it was the expressway era, and the expressway network almost penetrated most towns in the world. Automobile has played an inestimable role in promoting regional and industrial development.
(3) Accelerate the process of urbanization.
Urbanization and the formation of group-like urban agglomerations are all the effects of automobiles. Cluster urban agglomeration is conducive to the expansion of urban space and the improvement of automobile use environment, which leads to the increase of automobile circulation speed and the further increase of automobile demand. The income of urban residents has grown steadily and become the main consumer in the automobile market.
(4) Opening the automobile service trade market.
Every link of the automobile industry, from market, research and development, procurement, production, sales, service to logistics, is beyond the scope of the country, and the trade, law, environmental protection and industrial economic impact brought by it far exceeds the automobile industry itself. At the same time, automobile service trade and automobile aftermarket, which are closely related to the development of automobile industry, are developing rapidly, and mature businesses such as used car replacement, insurance, credit, repair, maintenance, leasing, logistics, trade and recycling are developed in developed countries.
(5) produced a series of new things.
The popularity of automobiles has created many new things for human social life. Automobile art, automobile advertisements, automobile models, automobile exhibitions, automobile sports, automobile tours, motels, automobile communities, satellite cities, country houses and automobile banks have penetrated into people's daily lives in developed countries, changing people's lifestyles and traditional concepts, and then changing the urban structure, rural structure and employment structure, changing people's regional concepts, residence choice, consumption structure and business model. The use of cars is an extension of individual rights and a symbol of individual initiative. Cars have created brand-new values and life contents, and the cultural concept, psychological quality and moral factors of the whole society have undergone tremendous changes.
2 The heavy price paid by automobile development
When we are enjoying the convenience brought by cars and preparing to enter the "automobile society", we have to endure all kinds of pains brought by cars to human society. At present, the average population of the world is less than 10, and the resources and environment of the earth are overwhelmed, and the rapid development of automobiles has also paid a heavy price. When cars become the means of travel for most people, the development of cars is a severe challenge to nature and society.
(1) Excessive consumption of resources
First of all, the development of automobiles has caused energy consumption. In China, oil reserves and exploitation are very limited, and the demand for oil is increasingly dependent on imports. According to statistics, China became the third largest oil consumer in the world from 65438 to 0996, and the second largest oil importer in the world in 2003, and according to the current development trend of automobile industry, China's oil imports will continue to increase. According to experts' prediction, China's current dependence on energy imports is 44%, and it may reach 60% in 2020-2025, and13 of China's oil imports are used for automobiles. Cars have put a great pressure on China's energy security, and the pressure is getting bigger and bigger. At the same time, due to the shortage of global oil resources, automobiles began to look for various alternative energy sources, such as natural gas and other non-renewable energy sources. Excessive consumption will lead to no energy available for future generations.
Secondly, with the increase of car ownership, more roads, parking lots and supporting infrastructure need to be occupied. China has a large population, and China is the poorest country in the world in terms of per capita land resources. The excessive development of automobiles will further reduce the cultivated land on which we depend. According to the statistics of relevant departments, the per capita arable land in China has decreased from 1.37 mu in 1986 to 1. 18 mu in 1995, which is less than one third of the minimum standard of per capita arable land stipulated by the United Nations. If China enters the automobile society, the number of cars will reach the Japanese level in the future, that is, one car for every two people, then the number of cars will reach 640 million (currently 23 million). According to the standards of Europe and Japan, the land area consumed by each vehicle is 0.02 hectares, which will consume 6,543,800 hectares of land. However, China's existing cultivated land area is only 23 million hectares, which has exceeded half, so the shortage of cultivated land resources will be very serious.
(2) serious environmental pollution
The pollution of automobiles to the natural environment includes air pollution, noise pollution and vibration. The main components of automobile exhaust are CO, HC, NOX and particulate matter, which are mainly concentrated in densely populated cities. Usually, the concentration of pollutants formed by CO discharged from downtown traffic accounts for 90% ~ 95% of the total concentration of CO, and HC and NOX account for 80% ~ 90%. According to the statistics of the State Environmental Protection Administration, in 2005, the share rate of motor vehicle exhaust emissions in urban air pollution in China has reached about 80%. Automobile exhaust directly affects people's physical and mental health and quality of life. The well-known urban greenhouse effect is closely related to automobile exhaust and particulate matter. The noise and vibration of automobiles have become prominent factors that pollute the living environment of residents and sensitive facilities such as schools, institutions and hospitals. In addition, roads and automobile traffic have a great impact on the ecological environment, affecting land, greening and water quality. Cars occupy the limited space that can be used for urban life and economic activities, which makes residents lose a healthy living environment.
(3) Frequent traffic accidents
The development of automobiles makes people live in fear of accidents. China has the largest number of car accidents in the world. Although China's car ownership accounts for only 2% of the world's total, the number of people killed by car accidents accounts for 20% of the world's total every year, with more than 654.38+million people killed and injured 1 10,000 people. According to the statistics of relevant departments, there were 4 13000 traffic accidents in China in 1999, resulting in 84,000 deaths, 286,000 injuries and direct economic losses of 2120 million yuan. By 2002, the number of deaths due to automobile traffic accidents rose to1090,000, 562,000 people were injured, and the direct economic loss reached 3.32 billion yuan. Automobile traffic accidents have become the biggest killer of people aged 15-45 in China, which has a serious impact on social and economic development. Secondly, the rapid development of automobiles causes road congestion, which leads to low efficiency, making automobiles unable to be fast, comfortable and efficient, seriously affecting the development of urban economy, and at the same time increasing automobile fuel consumption and pollutant emissions, which has brought many negative effects. In almost all big cities in China, traffic congestion has become a major obstacle to the normal operation of urban functions. The annual economic loss caused by the time loss of Beijing bus passengers alone is as high as 79.2 billion yuan, not to mention the economic loss caused by traffic jams and environmental pollution.
(4) Complex social problems
The development of automobile has brought many problems to the society, affected people's quality of life, and reduced people's happiness in life in a sense. The rapid development of automobiles has caused new unfairness, which is unfair in both convenience and cost burden. For those who don't have a car or can't drive, he will be isolated from the automobile society. The improvement of traffic has nothing to do with him, but he must bear all kinds of problems caused by cars, traffic jams and urban roads, as well as the cost of road construction and maintenance, just like car owners. In addition, as a product of civilization, cars not only bring people material losses, but also psychological and spiritual losses can not be ignored. Traffic jams and waiting for red lights for a long time are one of the root causes of people's daily disappointment with the city, leading to all kinds of irritability and depression, even "road rage" and "asphalt syndrome". At the same time, the automobile society deprives human beings of the opportunity to contact nature. The reinforced concrete they face all day long has caused psychological harm to people, making them feel lonely and their happiness reduced.
3 automobile development should adhere to sustainability
A series of problems brought by automobile development have become global problems. According to the principle of dialectics of nature, science and technology are the premise and one of the reasons for some global problems, and the solution of these problems needs to further rely on the development of science and technology. Therefore, on the road of the development of China's automobile industry, we should not blindly develop too fast. We should fully realize the huge cost and price of the development of automobile society in time, strive to overcome and reduce the negative effects brought by automobiles in policies, systems and planning, establish a resource-constrained and moderate automobile consumption model, and adhere to sustainable development.
From the aspect of automobile design, it is necessary to reduce the size and displacement of automobiles, use environmental protection systems such as unleaded gasoline, EFI engine and three-way catalyst, implement Euro II and Euro III standards, and develop hybrid and electric vehicles. When a car is small, it consumes less raw materials, occupies less roads and ground when it is used, consumes less energy naturally and emits less pollutants. With the same resources, more cars can be made and more people can use them.
At the same time, the state must introduce various policies to restrict the production of large-displacement vehicles, encourage environmentally friendly and economical vehicles, strictly manage the scrapping of vehicles, and scientifically guide the development of vehicles; Strengthen traffic management, apply advanced information, control, communication technology and other high-tech means, adjust the traffic structure, strengthen the construction of traffic laws and regulations, strengthen education, and improve people's traffic awareness and consciousness of obeying traffic rules.
In urban planning, we should build compact cities and self-sufficient satellite cities, and give priority to the development and comprehensive improvement of public transportation. Building bus lanes and developing light rail and subway; Improve the comfort, neatness, friendliness and thoughtfulness of public transport facilities, improve the civilized quality of passengers, and introduce the competitive mechanism of public transport in terms of fares and services; Reasonable planning of traffic forks to improve the road surface; Set up public transportation stations reasonably to realize people-oriented. Take a variety of comprehensive measures to ensure the sustainable development of the city, such as collecting and paying fuel tax and subsidizing the use of non-motorized means of transportation to and from work.
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