Education and Human Development Thesis: On Education and Human Development
In the development of modern society, the development of individual quality must adapt to the development needs of modern society, and education must train a large number of talents with both ability and political integrity for modern society, which undoubtedly poses a severe challenge to contemporary education. The key to developing education and giving full play to its important role in contemporary social development is to promote human development. Therefore, understanding human development and the main factors affecting human development can promote human all-round development and social progress.
Education and human development is a basic problem in pedagogy. The object of education is people, the direct function of education is to influence people's physical and mental development, and the value and function of education are finally realized mainly through the changes of the educated. Human development is the foundation of social development, and social development is fundamentally human development. Without human liberation and development, there will be no social development and progress. Therefore, as a social activity to cultivate people, education must first pay attention to people as social individuals and their development. Russian educator Ushines once pointed out:? If educators want to educate people from all aspects, they must first understand people from all aspects. ? Promoting human development is the ontological function of education. How to promote human development first involves a correct understanding of human development.
First, the meaning of human development in pedagogy
The development of human beings in the sense of pedagogy mainly refers to the physical and mental development of human beings, which refers to the process that human beings, as complex individuals, constantly change, especially in a positive direction, during the whole life process from the beginning to the end of their lives. Specifically, human development includes physical development and psychological development.
(1) Physical development. Physical development, that is, the development of human physiology, includes the normal development and institutional strengthening of various organs and tissues of the human body. Organism is a general term for all biological individuals, and organisms are composed of cells. About 65,438+000 trillion cells with different structures and functions make up different tissues, organs and systems, each of which has its own unique function. They cooperate with each other in the whole process of life activities.
(2) Psychological development. Psychological development refers to the regular psychological change process of individuals from birth to death. Generally speaking, from birth to maturity, the general trend of psychological development is a rising process from simple to complex, from low to advanced, from chaos to differentiation. From maturity to aging, the general trend of psychological development is from sound to attenuation, from flexibility to rigidity, from clarity to obscurity.
Second, different views on human development.
According to how people's physical and mental development is realized, different people's development views have been formed, the most representative of which are external development theory and internal development theory.
(1) foreign language. External theory holds that human development mainly depends on external forces, such as the stimulation and requirements of the environment, the influence of others and the decision of school education. Xun Zi, an ancient thinker in China, Locke, a modern British philosopher, and Owen, a utopian socialist, are the main representatives of this view. In the west, the British philosopher Locke put forward the famous "? It says on the whiteboard? Namely. The human mind is like a whiteboard, and both reason and knowledge come from the experience of action? .
(2) Endogenous theory. Endogenous theory holds that the psychological development of human beings is completely determined by the inherent natural factors of individuals. The main representatives of this view are the ancient thinker Mencius and the French thinker Rousseau. Freud, the founder of Austrian psychoanalysis school, believes that human sexual instinct is the most basic natural instinct and a potential, unconscious and fundamental driving force to promote human development.
Third, the factors that affect people's physical and mental development.
Man is the eternal theme of human research. The key problem that puzzles human research itself is the imbalance of human development. Because most people are educated in the same environment, some people develop well and have high living conditions and quality; And some people are poorly developed. Therefore, people look for reasons from the factors that affect people's development and construct various theories and methods to promote people's development. Here are the factors that affect human development.
(1) inheritance. Heredity refers to the physiological and anatomical biological characteristics inherited from the previous generation, such as the structure, shape, feeling and nervous system characteristics of the body. These genetic characteristics are also called genetic qualities.
1. Genetic quality is the physiological premise of human physical and mental development. Genetic quality is the natural or physiological premise of human development. Without genetic quality, people cannot develop. For example, a person born blind can't develop eyesight and become a painter; A person born deaf can't develop hearing and become a musician.
2. Genetic quality restricts the process of physical and mental development and its age stage. Human physiological maturity refers to the general degree of physiological function and structural changes restricted by genetic quality in the general age stage. For example, many extraordinary children will show precocity or precocity that ordinary children do not have, while others may have many behaviors that are not commensurate with their age.
(2) the environment. Environment refers to all the external world in which people live, surround and influence their development. It is a necessary condition for people's survival and development.
1. The development level of social material environment restricts the degree and scope of human development. People live and develop under certain material living conditions, and the degree and scope of people's development are directly restricted by this material living condition. Different material living conditions determine different levels of physical and mental development and different psychological contents and ideological outlook. The material conditions of people's lives limit their physical and mental development.
2. Social spiritual environment restricts people's spiritual world level and spiritual life view. Social spiritual environment mainly refers to the achievements of human understanding of the objective world in the process of social practice, including language, production knowledge, moral norms and superstructure such as religion, art, politics and law. People influenced by different spiritual environments form different ideologies, moral fashions, and different outlook on life, world outlook, values, lifestyles and behavior habits.
(3) education. Education, especially school education, with its clear purpose, strict system and strict organization, occupies a leading position in the factors affecting human development. In modern society, personal development depends more and more on school education. No wonder some people say: knowledge changes fate. ? For the younger generation, the most effective way for them to acquire knowledge and culture is school education.
However, although education plays a leading role in people's physical and mental development, the play of this leading position cannot go beyond the social conditions on which it depends and the objective laws of children's physical and mental development. Therefore, education is not omnipotent, so we should pay attention to keeping consistent with the influence of society, family and other factors.
Four. conclusion
Education is closely related to us. Therefore, only by promoting human development and understanding human development and the main factors affecting human development can we promote human all-round development and social progress.
Topic of Education Development: On the Prospect of International Education Development in China
Chinese international education refers to the teaching of Chinese as a Chinese language overseas. Its purpose is to cultivate foreigners and their ability to use Chinese correctly for social communication. The development of Chinese international education will help to promote Chinese to the world, spread the excellent culture of the Chinese nation, enhance mutual understanding between Chinese and foreign people and deepen friendship.
First, the international background of the development of Chinese international education
With the continuous improvement of China's comprehensive strength, more and more countries in the world have turned their attention to the vast land of China. As the most populous language in the world and the working language of the United Nations, Chinese plays an important media role. Therefore, for foreigners, learning Chinese and understanding China culture has become a necessary condition for dealing with China people, while for China people, it is an excellent opportunity for Chinese and China traditional culture to go global. There is a stream in the world? China fever? Thanks to the good background of the times, Chinese international education has made continuous breakthroughs.
Second, the history and present situation of China's international education development
Chinese international education in China has a long history, starting from the Han Dynasty? Ren Hu? Come to China to learn Chinese. Since the reform and opening up, more and more foreign students have come to China to study Chinese. Nowadays, foreign students who come to China are no longer learning languages just for communication, but more students are learning and feeling China culture.
Chinese international education in China has gone through half a century, which can be roughly divided into two periods, namely, the formation period of 30 years before the reform and opening up and the development period of 20 years after the reform and opening up. The former has gone through four stages: establishment, consolidation, recovery and development. In the whole development process, international education in China has maintained a strong development momentum.
Third, the opportunities and challenges faced by international education in China.
With the deepening of China's opening to the outside world, the increasing comprehensive strength of the national economy and the great attraction of the China market, the global Chinese teaching and training market has also attracted much attention. With the peaceful rise of China, the demand for learning Chinese and understanding China's culture and national conditions will increase rapidly all over the world, and teaching Chinese as a foreign language has great market potential. With the opening up of education in China, various foreign schools and China have joined hands to find new business opportunities and attract China students in various ways. Worldwide, the craze for Chinese is heating up, which echoes the strong development of China. Chinese is gradually becoming a strong language.
Although this world? Chinese fever? Wave after wave, if we observe calmly, we will find that there are many obstacles in China's promotion of Chinese. The country lacks strong policy support and guidance, some educational concepts are still relatively backward, and some schools attach importance to the promotion of Chinese, still only for economic reasons. The school's professional characteristics, unclear school-running ideas, unreasonable curriculum, insufficient compilation of teaching materials and weak discipline teachers can't guarantee the quality of Chinese teaching at all.
Fourthly, the future ideas and suggestions of international education in China.
Today, Chinese international education has developed into a comprehensive model, from language ability training to communication ability training, from teaching-oriented to the combination of teaching and learning. Looking at the development law of international education combined with Chinese, we can imagine the development prospect of this subject as follows:
First of all, the teaching system of international education in China will gradually change. From former language education to a complete academic education system and non-academic education system, and it is developing in a more stable direction.
Second, the teaching ideas and methods of international education in China have changed. In view of the diversity of teaching objects, in addition to traditional teaching, the requirements for teaching students in accordance with their aptitude are getting higher and higher. Teaching methods have also developed from direct method and translation method to immersion method, communicative method, listening and speaking method and so on.
Third, teachers are becoming more and more professional. The state and schools gradually attach importance to the problem of teachers. In the future, the professional level of teachers engaged in Chinese international education will gradually improve, and diversified and compound teachers will appear.
In short, the promotion of Chinese in the world is an important part of the country's diplomatic strategy, and China will constantly adjust its strategy with the changes of the situation, so that Chinese will become a stepping stone for China to open the world.
Chinese international education is a scientific discipline, which is based on simple and dialectical objective laws and has rules to follow, so it has great development space. From the perspective of internationalization, international education in China faces good opportunities for development, but also many challenges and problems. However, with the rapid development of teaching reform and education internationalization in China, Chinese education has become an inevitable trend, and the difficulties it faces will be solved with the efforts of all parties.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion
With the development of globalization, the good international and domestic situation and the academic accumulation of the discipline itself provide fertile soil for the development of Chinese international education in China. With the rapid economic development, China's influence on the world is increasing, and the country's position in the world is becoming more and more important, and many countries have emerged? Chinese fever? . It has become the need of the times, the need of economic development and the need of improving international status to study the present situation of Chinese international education, increase the promotion of Chinese in all directions, and make Chinese truly go global. The development of Chinese international education will also face a bright future.
Education Development Paper: Development, Change and Trend of Accounting Higher Education under the New Normal Economy
First, the current situation and inevitability of accounting higher education reform under the new economic normal
Since the reform and opening up, with the rapid development of China's economy, the number of employees in China's accounting industry has expanded rapidly, prompting accounting to become the largest major in colleges and universities. However, with the passage of time, the disadvantages of traditional accounting education are constantly exposed. The main problems are as follows: first, traditional education pays too much attention to the education of theoretical talents and ignores the cultivation of practical ability of accounting major; Secondly, in the traditional accounting education, colleges and universities generally pay more attention to cultivating the accounting level of accounting talents, ignoring the cultivation of their management level; Finally, in the traditional accounting higher education, too much attention is paid to the regularity of accounting, while the cultivation of professional judgment and decision-making ability of accounting students is neglected. Moreover, the spoon-feeding teaching method makes accounting students seriously divorced from reality and their practical level is relatively low. Therefore, although the number of people engaged in the accounting industry in China is considerable, the demand gap of accounting talents is still very huge, which is particularly obvious in the context of the new economic normal. In this case, how to reform accounting higher education and cultivate high-quality accounting talents has become one of the hot spots of academic and political circles.
Second, the demand analysis of accounting talents under the new normal economy
Education and economic development have always influenced each other, and the key to economic improvement lies in education, and the development of education promotes the improvement of economic level. In the world, the key to the competition between countries is the competition of talents. At present, with the in-depth development of China's market economy, the level of accountants trained in China is seriously out of line with the demand of enterprises for accounting talents. Especially in the context of the new economic normal, this situation is more obvious. Therefore, to realize the new normal of economic development and the coordinated development of education, we must fundamentally change the mode and concept of higher education.
Accounting is one of the industries most affected by the new normal economy. Accounting talents needed under the new normal background must have international vision and ideas, strategic vision and the ability to cope with complex economic environment. This requires accountants to change from single talents to qualified talents, from low-quality talents to high-quality talents, from rigidity to flexibility, and from operational talents to management talents. In addition, accountants under the background of the new normal economy should also have Internet thinking and Internet operation technology, and be able to cope with the impact and challenges brought by the Internet to the accounting industry.
Third, the direction of accounting higher education reform under the new economic normal
In the future, accounting higher education must first conform to the characteristics of the new normal economy. Since the core feature of the new normal is innovation, the primary direction of accounting higher education reform is to increase the cultivation of accounting personnel's innovative ability and awareness. In order to improve the employment rate of accounting graduates and make up the gap between supply and demand of accounting talents, accounting higher education needs to emancipate its mind, abandon the short-sighted behavior of simply expanding the scale of accounting practitioners, and strive to improve the quality and innovation level of talents.
Fourthly, the path of accounting higher education reform under the new normal economy.
The reform of accounting higher education should first be observed? Three goals? And then what? Stereoscopic ability? , the so-called? Three goals? Refers to: higher education personnel training, education and teaching content system and methods, the so-called? Stereoscopic ability? Refers to the ability to reserve knowledge, skills and professional value. Other measures include:
(A) the reform of the main education, innovative education and teaching
In subject education, we should update the existing curriculum system and strengthen the important position of accounting practice in the accounting teaching content system. Management accounting should be separated from traditional accounting and become an independent system. In addition, since the establishment of a harmonious ecological economy is one of the important contents of the new normal economy, the future accounting higher education system should also pay attention to cultivating environmental accounting talents.
In terms of education and teaching, we should carefully innovate the specialty setting, teaching content and methods. Because the Internet plays a very important role in today's economic environment, in the training and teaching of accounting talents, we should pay attention to cultivating their Internet thinking and their ability to engage in accounting work by using the Internet.
(2) Combining with international education and cooperating with other disciplines or majors.
No matter from the history or reality of accounting development, accounting is closely related to economics, finance and other disciplines. Therefore, in the future, the setting of accounting specialty should not adopt the traditional teaching method of separate subjects, but should put accounting discipline into a comprehensive and complete discipline platform, absorb nutrients from other disciplines and continuously enrich its professional level. In addition, at present, many domestic schools lack the shortcomings of integrating their courses with international education, which is not in line with China's new normal economic reality. Therefore, it is necessary to add international courses or disciplines to the accounting higher education system.
(C) pay attention to the reasonable promotion of accounting teaching
In the practice of accounting higher education in the future, we should pay attention to the rational and advanced training of talents, and we should not rush headlong into it. It is necessary to formulate corresponding training programs for accounting talents at all levels. Specifically, first, we should pay attention to the innovation of advanced degree in accounting. Secondly, the education of accounting specialty also needs to be properly connected from qualification certification, and the corresponding certification system should be carried out to enhance the mutual promotion and synergy between industry and academia in the training of accounting professionals.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion
Accounting higher education has reached a very important stage of reform. Establishing scientific goals, formulating scientific strategies and cultivating comprehensive accounting talents have become the strategic goals of China's accounting higher education, which requires the joint efforts of all sectors of society. Generally speaking, under the background of the new economic normal, to achieve the long-term strategic development goal of accounting higher education in the future, we must integrate accounting with other disciplines, integrate international education, and adhere to the concept of openness and tolerance. This process is not achieved overnight, but a long-term tortuous process. Therefore, in the future reform of accounting higher education, we should constantly adhere to introspection and reflection, actively respond to possible challenges in the future, and prevent the reform of accounting higher education from being difficult.
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